First, the definition of national standards and:
National standards are standards formulated at the national level according to the requirements of laws and regulations, which are universally applicable and mandatory. National standards usually cover products, processes, services, management and other aspects, aiming at standardizing and guiding the development and practice of related fields.
National standards are formulated and promulgated by the national standardization administrative department or other relevant institutions according to law, which have legal effect and are binding on employees and enterprises in related fields.
National standards are unified national standards with universal applicability and standardization, which can unify product quality and safety standards and improve industry level and market competitiveness.
Based on scientific research and practical experience, national standards are authoritative and reliable after expert argumentation and public participation. National standards are not permanent. With the development of science and technology and the change of social demand, national standards need to be revised and updated regularly to meet the new development needs.
Second, the formulation process of national standards:
Determine the formulation requirements, according to the needs of industry development and the requirements of relevant laws and regulations, determine the areas and scope of national standards that need to be formulated or revised, and the standardization management organization or relevant departments will organize experts, scholars and practitioners to form a working group to be responsible for drafting national standards.
According to the technical development trend and practical experience at home and abroad, the working group formulated the draft national standard, including the name, application scope, technical requirements and test methods of the standard.
The draft will be announced to the public or solicited opinions from relevant units, and will be revised and improved according to the feedback. Finally, it will be approved by the standardization management organization or relevant departments. After approval, the national standards will be officially released and implemented by relevant organizations. Public enterprises, institutions and regulatory agencies need to produce, operate and manage according to the requirements of national standards.
Third, the scope of application of national standards:
National standards can regulate the quality and safety standards and performance requirements of various products, such as food safety standards, medical equipment standards, building materials standards and so on. National standards can set standards for environmental protection and resource utilization, such as air pollutant emission standards, water quality standards and energy utilization standards.
National standards can regulate the quality management and service process of service industry, such as education service standards, catering service standards and tourism service standards. National standards can formulate industry norms and standards to promote the standardized development of the industry, such as construction industry standards, transportation industry standards, financial industry standards and so on.