1. The government has different attitudes towards education.
In Sparta, which was founded on agriculture and practiced slave-class autocracy, education was completely controlled by the state, which adopted strict centralized leadership and regarded children as state-owned; Government officials and social adults fulfill their supervision obligations to teenagers, and teenagers must obey them; All the expenses of education are borne by the state, and young people must receive free education.
Athens, which developed commerce and practiced slave-class democracy, adopted a laissez-faire policy in education and did not rely entirely on the state to control education. On the contrary, it regards educating children as the responsibility of the family, choosing suitable schools for children and paying tuition fees regularly.
2. Different educational institutions.
In order to train strong soldiers, Spartan children aged 7 to 18 entered national educational institutions and began to live in military camps. At this stage, the main task of education is to cultivate children's healthy physique, tenacious will, courage, perseverance, obedience and patriotism through strict military sports training and moral indoctrination. Since the age of 18, citizens' children have entered a higher-level educational institution-the Youth Military Training Corps. Implement military education through military institutions.
In Athens, many types of schools were founded by private individuals, such as gymnastics schools, music schools, grammar schools, rhetoric schools and philosophers' colleges. The education level is uneven, there are many schools, and you can choose to go to school at will. The government does not seek unity.
3. Different educational purposes.
Sparta, located in the Ragogna Plain of the Peloponnesian Peninsula, is the largest agricultural city-state in ancient Greece with fertile land and suitable for agricultural cultivation. Because it is located in the inland area, communication between Sparta and the outside world is very convenient.
As a slave country, Sparta was not only ruled by autocratic slave owners and nobles, but also often fought wars with other city-states. It is against this background that Sparta formed an education system characterized by physical education and military training. Its purpose is to cultivate warriors who are strong, brave and patriotic, good at fighting and have a lasting fighting spirit.
Athens is located in Attica Peninsula, surrounded by the sea on three sides, with convenient transportation, rapid development of navigation and commerce, relatively developed economy, and its geographical location is conducive to accepting ancient oriental culture.
With the implementation of democratic politics in Athens, it promoted the contention and development of various schools of thought and laid the foundation for the prosperity of philosophy, science, culture, art and education in Athens. The main purpose of Athens education is to cultivate citizens and businessmen with high cultural literacy, noble morality and good eloquence, that is, people with "good body and mind".
4. Different educational tasks.
The main task of Spartan education is to make every Spartan become a persevering warrior and an absolutely obedient citizen after long-term and serious training.
Therefore, honor, courage, perseverance, strong physique, skilled military skills, absolute loyalty to the polis, taming authority, respecting the elderly and so on. , has become the quality that every citizen should have.
The main task of Athenian education is to educate their children physically, intellectually, morally and aesthetically, which requires that their children should be trained not only as soldiers, but also as activists in social, political, economic and cultural aspects, in short, as qualified Athenian citizens.