Zhou Xinglian's My Opinion on Linchi in Qing Dynasty is very specific about "words are like people". He said: "I mean, between pen and ink, it is enough to inspire people, and so is calligraphy."
The fonts of Wang Youjun and Yu Shinan are pleasant, peaceful and full of joy in spring and summer.
Xu Jihai is good at using a thirsty pen, and his world is like anger, such as watching a stone and rushing to the spring with thirst, which is called anger.
Chu Dengshan, Chang Yanshan and Liu Jianshan's articles are wonderful in ancient and modern times, loyal and righteous all over the sun and moon, and the books are full of solemnity.
Ouyang and his son showed their magical powers, and the falcon was empty and handsome.
Li Taibai's books are fresh and vivid, breathing clearly, taking off the dust, and his hands are full of fairy tales.
Poe's old pen is full of wind and waves, naive; The rice flies like a dragon, but the tiger lies like a phoenix.
Two official books were completely lost for a while, which is heroic.
The Yellow Valley is elegant and elegant, which is a rare ancient appearance with unparalleled weather. It stands out from the crowd and has far-reaching sustenance.
We can know and understand "words are like people" from the following aspects.
(1) This word corresponds to human life.
Su Shi once evaluated calligraphy "as true as standing, as walking, as grass as walking" with anthropomorphic descriptions in Six Books of the Tang Dynasty. Regular script is like a person standing, running script is like a person walking and cursive script is like a person running. In On Books, he further compared the composition of calligraphy with the five elements of the human body. He said: "A book must have spirit, qi, bone, flesh and blood. Without one of them, it doesn't have to be a book." This is a unique feature of the theory of "what you say is what you are".
Wang Shu, a Qing man, added three things to Su Shi. He said, "Writing is like being a man." . How can you be like a person? "Muscle, bone, blood, flesh, essence, spirit, qi and pulse can all be prepared before being a man." These eight words can be understood as follows: the tendons, bones, blood and flesh of the word reflect the author's basic skills; The essence, spirit, qi and pulse of the text reflect the author's self-cultivation quality.
If Su Shi and Wang Shu compare calligraphy from the elements of human body, then Liu Xizai focuses on expressing people's inner quality with the connotation of characters. He said, "The book is like this." "like" what? "If you study, if you are talented, if you are ambitious, in short, you are like a person." He not only inherited and developed the famous exposition that "books are paintings for the heart", but also discussed "words are like people" more deeply and concretely from the aspects of people's artistic personality, artistic style and artistic level, and raised the saying that "books are paintings for the heart" to a new height.
Not only that, Liu Xizai in the Qing Dynasty made a more vivid and concrete exposition of different characters written by different people. In his Introduction to Art, he said, "Tessa's book is warm and mellow, Xiong Jun's book is heavy, the book of freaks is degenerate, and the book of gifted scholars is beautiful." Tessa's writing is gentle and mellow; The hero's words are calm and firm; Free from vulgarity and strange characters, open and free and easy; The word of Bachelor of Arts is handsome and beautiful. This can really be said to express the "original words" incisively and vividly.
(2) The word "character" is the externalization of the writer's ambition.
Character is the writing of people's will, interest and pursuit. In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Xizai pointed out in The Outline of Art: "A writer writes a will." He also quoted a sentence that Zhang Xu taught Yan Zhenqing: "If you don't have lofty ideals, can you believe and speak brilliantly?" How can calligraphy be exquisite unless you have lofty aspirations and noble feelings?
In fact, good calligraphy is meaningful, from which we can see the author's thoughts and interests, often at a glance. Don Zhang Huai made it very clear in Calligraphy Art: "Fu Hanmo and those who have wonderful articles have deep opinions and can see at a glance." As long as you observe carefully, you can clearly see the author's thoughts and interests from good calligraphy works and articles. Huang Songting firmly praised Lin Bu's poems for their noble aspirations. He said, "Lin Shu shines on people, and he is as strong as a bone, and he is also like a Sri Lankan." Lin Bu's handwriting is clear and vivid, and his pen is strong and powerful, which is very similar to his life style.
This word is an expression of the writer's mood.
Words can be "made by foreign teachers" and "won my heart in China". If you can only reflect foreign things, but can't express your own thoughts and express the inspiration and feelings caused by foreign things in your heart, then you lose the meaning of writing. This is what Zhou Xinglian said in My Opinion on Linchi in Qing Dynasty. "If you can only put things in shapes, but you can't lose my heart, then the meaning of painting and writing will be lost."
Ming Xiangmu also said in "Elegant Words in Books": "The heart of books advocates calculation and imagination, which means pen, but it is also shapeless. The phase of the book is turned over and over, with prestige and spirit, and the pen is casual, all of which are shaped. " The conception, layout and change of calligraphy works are that thoughts and feelings are concentrated in the pen tip, and the real image has not yet been formed; The modeling of calligraphy, turning around, back and forth, neat and graceful, moving with the author's thoughts and feelings, is a real idea. It shows that calligraphy is the dialectical unity of intangible "heart" and tangible "phase", which is quite original.
(4) This word expresses the emotion of this book.
Han Yu, a great scholar in the Tang Dynasty, introduced how Zhang Xu used cursive script to express his thoughts and feelings in Preface to Master Gao Xian. There is a saying: "If you are embarrassed, sad, happy, resentful, eager, drunk, bored and uneven, you should use cursive to express your feelings." He said that Zhang Xu was happy or angry, or embarrassed, sad or happy, resentful or yearning, drunk or upset. As long as he has a heart, he will express it in cursive script. It shows that Zhang Xu's cursive script always embodies changeable mood, complex mentality and strong emotional color.
Sun in the Tang Dynasty listed Wang Xizhi's six famous works in Book Score, to show that the author is good at writing different books with different objects and different contents, that is, "writing more sorrow, painting more praise, Huang Tingjing more nothingness, too much history" is similar to Lanting Jixing, and his mind is superb; Swearing in private is very sad. The so-called music-related party laughs and sighs. "He said that Wang Xizhi wrote" Le Yi Lun "with a depressed mood; When writing Dong Fangshuo's Painting Praise, there are many magnificent and wonderful ideas in my mind. When I wrote Huang Tingjing, I took pleasure in the nothingness advocated by Taoism. When writing Tarshish Proverbs, I felt that the world was changeable and the struggle was tortuous. When writing "Preface to Lanting", his thoughts are unrestrained and his expression is elegant; When writing "Vow", I felt heavy and sad. This is what people say, when it comes to joy, you can make a pen sound; Speaking of sadness, I can't help sighing. It shows that each of Wang Xizhi's works shows different emotional colors.
Chen Yi, a scholar in Yuan Dynasty, once brilliantly discussed the relationship between calligrapher's state of mind and calligraphy in The Important Principles of Hanlin: "Emotion is heavy, that is, the words are simple, dangerous and beautiful, and there are endless changes." How to change it? Specifically, it is: "I like to make peace with words, I am angry with words, I am sad with words, and I am happy with words." When people are happy, their hearts are harmonious, and the word written is Xu Yuansheng; When people are angry, their hearts are thick and stuffy, and the words written are very dangerous; People are depressed when they are sad, and the words written are restrained; People are calm when they are happy, and the words they write are beautiful. In a word, people's thoughts, interests, yearning and pursuit of emotions will be reflected from the appearance and style of words.
The word "V" is a portrayal of the writer's character.
Wang Xizhi once said, "It is natural to push the pen to the front." Writing with a pen is the beginning or embodiment of human nature. Su Shi also discussed this issue. He said: "you can get him by reading his books;" Then the gentleman and the villain must have seen it in the book, but it is almost not. " It means that a person can be known by his words, even a gentleman or a villain. This statement may not be completely correct, but it makes sense to say that storytelling is closely related to personality. How to see the author's character from the text?
First, the character is high, and the book is natural and elegant. Yang Qingshoujing said: "High quality means elegant writing." A man of noble character must be free from vulgarity in calligraphy.
Second, pure morality makes calligraphy unique. Li Bai has a poem called Wang Youjun, which contains two sentences: "The right army is halal and chic." Zhao Meng read it again and turned it into the following two sentences: "The right army is so handsome, it is a Muslim, and it is fascinating to write." They all have the same meaning. First of all, they praised Wang Xizhi's pure character and natural charm. Then praised his book as his personality, comely and detached, unrestrained and delicate. This shows that Wang Xizhi's books and his personality are highly unified.
The third is a loyal martyr whose words are correct, firm and heavy. In the Song Dynasty, Zhu especially praised the consistency of Yan Zhenqing's character and words in Continued Book Break, saying: "It is said that Yan Shu is a martyr who is loyal to ministers and a moral gentleman." "He was born in Bihan, so he is resolute and strong, and his body is well prepared, like a loyal minister and a righteous man, and he can't win in big festivals." The words written by Yan are resolute and heroic, with rigorous structure and complete statutes. Like a loyal minister and righteous man, he stands upright in the court, awe-inspiring and daunting. Ouyang Xiu also spoke highly of the consistency of Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy and personality in Records of the Historian. He said: "Sri Lankans' loyalty comes from nature, so their calligraphy and painting are vigorous, independent and not aggressive, quite amazing and a bit like people." Yan Zhenqing is upright and upright, fearless in times of crisis and loyal all his life; His handwriting is also square, vigorous and powerful, just like his character, quite amazing. Someone said it more clearly. In Yan Zhenqing's words, "looking for knowledge is also a gentleman of virtue". Yan Zi saw at a glance that he was a man of noble character.
In the past, writing was the first lesson in life. After the provincial examination, the examiner has the right to void the examination paper if the handwriting in the palace examination is poor.
Beautiful calligraphy is not only pleasing to the eye, but also pleasing to others. A woman in the United States violated traffic regulations and received a fine notice. The lady sent a handwritten letter to the person in charge of the local traffic police, explaining the reason. As soon as the police officer saw such beautiful handwriting, he immediately decided to waive her fine. This is the truth, and the world is like this.
Style is the man himself. ......
Some people regard writing as a skill and can write; Some people regard writing as an art, strive for perfection, and even read between the lines to see the author's character and conduct. Writing is like building a house. You should pay attention to layout, collocation and tolerance. But nowadays, even real high-rise buildings can be built as soon as possible. Apart from calligraphers and calligraphy lovers, how many people can practice and write without distractions?
In my humble opinion, in this information society and competitive society, if you have leisure, you might as well practice more. Those who have no time can always write more carefully. Just like a person, you can't be unkempt just because you are plain. Good things are always worth yearning for and pursuing.
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