[Reference answer]

(1) Learning should match children's cognitive level.

Preschool teachers should make full use of cognitive conflicts to promote children's cognitive development. On the one hand, they should understand their children's existing cognitive level, provide them with activities such as teaching and games, and stimulate their cognitive conflicts, thus stimulating their interest in active exploration and knowledge. On the other hand, the application of cognitive conflict in children's teaching should conform to the principle of moderation, which is far higher than the original cognitive level of children's teaching and games. Tasks or games that are too difficult or beyond children's ability will make children lose interest in activities, which is not conducive to cultivating children's ability to explore actively. Therefore, in the teaching of children, teachers should understand the existing cognitive development level of children, provide the most suitable cognitive conflicts for children, and promote children to actively construct new cognitive levels.

(2) Pay attention to the effect of activities on children.

In the practical teaching of children, teachers organize colorful games and activities for children, and promote the development of children's emotions, attitudes, abilities, knowledge and skills in games and activities.

(3) Pay attention to children's interests and needs.

Teachers use children's interests and needs to stimulate children's moderate cognitive conflicts, internalize children's interest in the surface of things, transform children's external needs into internal needs, and develop children's initiative to explore things and their ability to recognize things.

(4) Pay attention to the communication between children.

In the process of teaching children, teachers should attach importance to the communication between teachers and children, which can effectively promote the development of children's language, emotion, sociality and cognition. Only when children communicate with other children will they know that others' views are not all the same as their own, so that children will inevitably distinguish and think, thus learning to think from others' standpoint, which will help children develop the habit of critical and objective thinking and help them get rid of the self-centered state.

(5) Create an open and good learning environment for children.

Kindergarten should create a free and relaxed language environment for children, so that children can experience the fun of language communication when talking with teachers, peers or others, be willing to communicate with others, learn to help each other, cooperate and share, and learn to use appropriate and polite language communication. At the same time, kindergarten teachers should create a relaxed and safe environment for children's exploration activities, so that every child has the opportunity to participate in exploration, support and encourage children to ask questions boldly and express different opinions, so that children can learn to respect other people's views and learn to look at problems from different angles.