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As an academic school in the history of fine arts, it originated in Italy in the16th century, then became popular in Europe, and reached various fine arts colleges in the18th and19th centuries. In the late Italian Renaissance, fine arts declined obviously, and at the same time, they were impacted by Baroque art. In order to defend the artistic achievements of the Renaissance and oppose the substitution and secularization tendency of Baroque art for classical art, with the official support, many "colleges" appeared in Europe, the most influential of which was the Carazzi College established in Bologna by the Karachi brothers of the Italian artist Carazzi family on 1580. Because it was built in Bologna, it is also called Bologna College. These colleges attach great importance to basic training and are extremely strict in apprenticeship. It not only requires that the formal laws of ancient works and the art of Renaissance masters be regarded as eternal norms that cannot be slightly surpassed, but also opposes the pursuit of form by Baroque art. However, due to its own stubbornness and opposition to innovation, it has embarked on a stylized road that is divorced from social life and lacks vitality. Therefore, academic school means rigor and standardization, and it also means conservatism.
The merit of Bologna College lies in ending the ancient and manual workshop-style education and greatly improving the whole art education. Later, the Academy of Fine Arts emphasized the need to inherit the classical art of the Renaissance and pursue the perfection of form and elegance of content. Important representative painters include Karachi, Lenny, Brown, bouguereau, David and Angel.
Academics began in Italy at the end of 16, and became popular in Britain, France, Russia and other countries in the 8th century. Among them, the French academic school has the greatest strength and influence because of its special attention from the government. The norms that academic schools attach importance to include theme norms, skill norms and artistic language norms. Too much emphasis on norms leads to stylization. Academics reject all vulgar artistic language, demanding dignity, gentleness, opposing intense personality expression, and stressing rationality and commonness. The original meaning of the word "Academy" is "formal", and it follows the right path rather than the evil path. How to take the right path, in academic view, is to attach importance to tradition and learn from it, so the academic school opposes all reforms. Academically, it attaches great importance to basic skills training, emphasizes sketch, belittles the role of color in plastic arts, and rejects the emotional role in art. These characteristics have both positive and negative effects on students.
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1. Jacques Louis David (J. L. David1748-1825) is an outstanding French painter and a representative of classicism at the end of18th century19th century. Born in a merchant family in Paris, he studied painting with the historical painter Wayne as a teenager. /kloc-entered the royal painting and sculpture institute at the age of 0/8. At the age of 26, he won the Rome Prize for Antioch and Strani, and then went to Italy to study with Wayne. /kloc-after returning to China in 0/780, he wrote Berishali Begging for Pity, Laoma Aihe and so on. , and became an academician of the Royal Academy of Art on 1784. 1785, he went to Rome again, completed the oath of the Horace brothers, and succeeded. In 1789, he wrote the body of his son carried by the guardian to brutus.
1792 During the French Revolution, he became a member of the National Assembly, supported the death sentence of King Louis XVI, and took an active part in revolutionary activities. 1793 Created the famous painting death of marat (Brussels Art Collection). When the French Revolution came, David actively participated in it and created many paintings for the National Assembly. This painting is one of the important historical paintings, and the theme is taken from the tragic scene that the painter saw with his own eyes. . After jacobins's failure, he was arrested and imprisoned, and finally released at the request of the painter's wife and students. Immediately after his release, he wrote Sabine Woman.
1799 After the coup, Napoleon was appointed as a government painter. He painted the coronation ceremony and flags of Napoleon's crossing the Saint Bernard Pass in the Alps, Madame RecCamille, Napoleon I and the Queen. The medal was awarded by Emperor Napoleon. After the restoration of Bourbon, the painter was deprived of his citizenship and property and forced to flee abroad. In his later years, he was engaged in teaching and portrait painting, and his students included Gé rard, Gro and Angel. He died in Brussels at the age of 77.
2. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres 1780- 1867, an outstanding French classicist in the 19th century. Father is a sculptor and interior decorator. Angel studied painting and music since childhood, and once joined a band as a violinist to make a living. 1797 came to Paris and went to David's studio to continue studying painting. 1805, he painted a group of portraits of the Riviere family, which was amazing with wonderful skills. /kloc-went to Rome in 0/806 and lived there for 18 years. On the one hand, he studied and copied the original works of ancient masters, on the other hand, he created sketches, portraits and oil paintings. His major works include Oedipus, The Bathing Maid of Valcin, Maid-in-waiting, Ossian's Dream, The Portrait of Dvoraf, The Portrait of Paganini, etc. He returned to Paris in 1824, and exhibited Louis XIII's oath in the salon, which was a success.
In fact, academic school is not only about painting, but also can be used in other fields of humanities and social sciences. Generally speaking, the so-called academic school refers to people who have received formal and complete school education and academic training and studied under their teachers in academic research. Compared with the academic school, it is called liberal school (also called street school), which mainly refers to those who have not received a complete school education and mostly enter the academic circle by self-study or self-study. Their academic research is generally less studied by teachers, and it is easier to accept the strengths of many scholars, and is often considered unorthodox. For example, the NBA is divided into these two schools.