2. Translation and Annotation of the Classical Chinese Biography of Cui Shanjun The Biography of Cui Shanjun is selected from Han Yu's Miscellaneous Notes. The other three songs are Ma Shuo, Long Shuo and Yi Shuo.
1. The original text is as follows:
It's also strange to say that life is a biography of Cui Shanjun! However, in my opinion, people can do their best, not like animals and foreign bodies. What about those who are cynical and evil and don't come? Saints in the past, their heads were like cows, their shapes were like snakes, their mouths were like birds, and they looked like fools. It's all seemingly heart-to-heart, which can be described as inhuman evil? That is to say, there is a man with flat skin, a beautiful face, a beautiful face, a human face, a beast in his heart and an evil man. However, look at the right or wrong appearance, don't talk about the heart, don't talk about whether you can act, and you can't lose it. Confucius' disciples don't say anything to complain about others, so I take it as a cynical evil and do it, so the topic is such a time.
2. Translated as:
Author Tan Shi said in his Biography of Cui Shanjun that those who claim to live as long as cranes know that the past is ridiculous. But according to my observation, there are too few people who can be as human as possible and not like animals, and these people are cynical and live in seclusion. Why? In the past, some saints looked like cows, some looked like snakes, some had mouths like birds, and some were as square and ugly as Monto, but they were just similar to those wild animals in appearance, but they were completely different in essence. Can we say that they are not people? And some people have plump bodies, delicate and smooth skin, rosy cheeks like vermilion and extraordinary beauty. They look like people, but they are like animals in nature. Can we still call them people? Therefore, it is better to judge a person by his appearance than by his words and deeds. We Confucian disciples never believe in ghosts and gods, so I chose the cynical side from this story to express some feelings.
Please refer to!
3. Translation of Classical Chinese Wang Bochuan I. Translation
Wang Bo passed by Zhong Ling, just in time for the Governor's banquet in Wang Teng Pavilion on September 9th, and secretly ordered his son-in-law to make a preface to show off to the guests, so he took out a pen and paper and asked the guests to write a preface, but everyone dared not accept it. When I went to Wang Bo, I took a pen at hand and didn't refuse.
The viceroy was furious, got up and pretended to go to the toilet. He secretly sent his men to spy on Wang Bo's articles and report them at any time. After reporting once or twice, the language of the article became more and more exciting, and the governor said excitedly, "This is really a genius!" " Hurriedly let him finish all the articles, and the two sides broke up happily.
When Wang Bo wrote an article, he didn't think carefully at first. He grinded a few liters of ink first, then drank a lot, pulled a quilt over his head and lay down. After waking up, he picked up a pen and wrote the whole article without changing a word. At that time, Wang Bo was called "writing in the belly".
Second, the original text
On September 9th, the Governor held a grand banquet in Wang Teng Pavilion, and his husband was destined to write a preface of praise for the guests. Because of the relationship between paper and pen, he invited guests from all over the world, dared not take it seriously, and left without hesitation. The viceroy was furious, got up and changed clothes, and sent officials to wait on him. Repeated reports, unfamiliar language, but suddenly said: "genius!" " Please write it down and enjoy it very much. Bo is prose. At first, he didn't think it over. Grinding a few liters of ink first, then drinking heavily, leading him to lie down with his face covered and help him write an article. It is not easy to write a word. At that time, people called Abreu a draft.
Third, the source
The story of Wang Bo.
Extended data
First of all, the profile of the character
Wang Bo (649~676) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word zi an. Jiangzhou Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi) people.
Together with Yang Jiong and Lu, they are called "four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty", among which, they are the best. Wang Bo is the grandson of Wang Tong, a great scholar at the end of Sui Dynasty. Wang's second son was named Fu Jiao, and the second son was named Fu Zhi, and Fu Jiao was his father. He used to be Doctor Taichang, Yongzhou Secretariat, Jiaozhi County Order, Liuhe County Order and Governor of Qi State. It can be seen that Wang Bo grew up in a scholarly family. Wang Bo is also Wang Ji's nephew.
Second, word annotations.
1, accommodation: in advance.
2, boast: boast to the guests (son-in-law's talent).
3. Bo: Wang Bo.
4. Pan Ran: Relaxed and happy.
5, the language is strange: (blog post) is more exciting (here means more exciting than a sentence).
6.jué: a frightened expression.
Three. Brief introduction of the author
Song Qi (998~ 106 1) was a writer in the northern song dynasty. Zi was born in Anlu, Anzhou (now Anlu, Hubei) and later moved to Kaifeng (now Qixian, Henan).
Tiansheng was a scholar in the second year, edited by Guan Hanlin and History Museum. Co-edited The Book of the New Tang Dynasty with Ouyang Xiu and others, and the book was completed. Joined the Ministry of Industry as a minister, and worshipped the Hanlin bachelor. Wen Jing, a pawn, and his younger brother Song Yu have a literary name, which is called "Er Song". Poetic language is beautiful, because there is a sentence of "Man Chun, the branch of an almond" in the word "Jade Louchun", which is called "the history of an almond" in the world.
Sogou Encyclopedia-Wang Bo Story
4. The original text of Liang Qiushi's Talking about Examination should be corrected first. It's Liang Shiqiu, not Liang Qiushi.
Talking about exams Teenagers should study and take exams, middle-aged people should work and make a living, and old people should be laid back and get sick. These are the hardships of life. Exams are a bitter thing, and most of them are held in hot summer, which is even worse.
In the morning, it is common for three neighbors to turn on the lights and sing. I go out for a walk, and there are often children in twos and threes on the river bank. Are these all studious people? Not exactly.
I think many of them sharpen their guns at the last minute. I've heard the saying that "reading is fun", but I'm afraid it's not fun to go to the skull to fill in some knowledge.
Actually, the exam is just a kind of test, which is similar to weighing. There is no need to be afraid beforehand, and there is no need to be arrogant afterwards. During the exam, write down what you know, and doubt what you don't know, that's all.
But the consequences of the exam are too great. If you become famous outside Sun Shan, the taste of backwardness will be very uncomfortable, including shame, resentment, depression and regret. Some people are shy when they see others, while others say it to their faces.
At this time, people's smiling faces seem to be full of sarcasm, and the birds on the branches seem to be mocking. Few people will not find life boring. The consequences don't stop there. This may be a key point in life. Seeing others enjoying the spring breeze, I went down the mountain.
The consequences of the exam are so great that everyone takes the exam seriously. In fact, the exam results have long been decided by my usual study.
People suffer from not knowing themselves. Some people don't have to suffer from the exam at all, but they are lucky, hoping that their luck will turn and they will sell it as soon as they try.
Those who reach the summit sharpen their knives and practice their internal skills. Those who walk in the middle, try to figure out the problem and take advantage of it. Cheating in the joints and fishing in troubled waters. Good intentions are not rewarded.
Modern examination methods are quite fair, with little luck. Although we often hear about the replacement of escorts, there are a few exceptions.
If you know that you only weigh 30-50 Jin, you don't have to climb on the hook of the 1,000-Jin scale to hang it. Taking the risk to take the exam is to join in the fun, waste people's money and be a stepping stone.
I sympathize with those who suffer from exams. There are many examination items and long time. I rushed down step by step, and I don't know how many millions of red blood cells will die.
Once upon a time, in the imperial examination room, I heard someone shouting at night: "Be kind and complain!" " That weird atmosphere is scary enough. Really fainted, crazy and committed suicide on the spot! The modern examination room is much brighter and no longer a ghost, but the examination room is like a battlefield, and it is still tense enough.
I have a classmate who is most afraid of taking math exams. As soon as he saw the paper, he turned pale and trembled all over. After the exam, he bent down and went back to the dormitory to change his pants! The blow to its nervous system can be imagined! It's not just candidates who suffer. The person who presided over the exam is also being tested.
Let's start with the proposition. Asking a question seems to be the easiest, but it is not. What a thousand eyes see and what a thousand hands point out cannot be taken lightly.
I remember my cousin went to a famous medical college in Beiping twenty-eight years ago, and the Chinese topic was "It's good to be unpunctual while on the sidelines" (note that "while on the sidelines" is pronounced as "changing the beam", the name of the person), and all the papers he handed in were blank. Who among the students admitted to medical school has read the Book of Jin? It is even possible to pronounce "edge" as "potty".
I don't know who came up with this topic, and I don't know whether he will continue to live with peace of mind after that. Probably the problem should not be too far away or too general.
If you take an examination of international students, the topic of your composition is "My Study Abroad Plan". Although everyone can write a composition, it is very likely that someone will prepare the manuscript in advance, so it is difficult to achieve fairness without scoring. It is really difficult to do a topic properly, without being sharp, dazzling, unambiguous and unambiguous.
Before the candidates took the exam, Proposition Jun was sweating like a pig several times. In addition to marking papers, it can also be said to be a disaster.
Really, someone once vomited blood and died after marking papers for 12 days in a row. This should be compared with the example of dying in battle. Marking papers is still fun. Absurd and ridiculous papers can often make people fall, and everyone laughs when they pass by, which makes people feel refreshed.
We have to admire the really imaginative wizards among the candidates. The most annoying paper is the kind of paper with scrawled handwriting, which is called graffiti. It's so elegant. It's like an ink box full of paper crawling with spiders! Some people write fine print in a wide grid, some people write one line for two lines, some people paint the whole page, and some people drag it white.
An irregular paper like this, if you look at it before meals, you just frown. If you look at it after meals, it will inevitably make you sick. Some people envy that American universities don't have to take entrance exams.
It is a question whether the method of entrance examination-free is suitable for China's national conditions. It is said that exams are the quintessence of our country. It seems that we China people have been "tireless in taking exams" since ancient times.
As for the imperial examination, it can be said that it is the pinnacle, and the three-list birth is the only formal way out. As far as today is concerned, examination is still one of the five rights.
Examination has become an indispensable part of our life. Karel of Britain pointed out in Heroes and Hero Worship that China's examination system, as a method of selecting talents, is really brilliant.
One of the essence of the so-called political science is how to put excellent molecular elections at the top of society. China's examination method, in his view, is the cleverest.
As usual, foreigners say good things about us, which sounds particularly nice. It is better to attract narcissism. In all fairness, examinations, like elections, belong to the category of "necessary evil". The exam can't be abolished until we figure out a better way.
What we can do now is how to improve the examination method, ask for simplification and rationality, and don't let everyone regard the examination as a kind of physical and mental torture! Listen, drums are playing in the examination room again, from far to near.
5. The beginning is "Qin has the meaning of respecting Lv Sha, and is good at talking about respecting Lv Sha (also known as Dayan).
(Ming) Song Lian
Original text:
The talkative Qin Youzun Liu Sha is convinced of this. The Qin people smiled and respected Lu Sha, saying, "Don't laugh, I'll talk about the art of Chu." Dance to the south. When I arrived in Chu, the officials gave me a slap in the face and respected Lu Sha very much, saying, "Be careful not to hit me, I am the teacher of the king of Chu." Customs officials sent them to the Dynasty, and doctors put them in place. He asked, "Sir, I don't despise our city. It's a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and there will be prosperity for me. He is afraid to invite him because the color is getting lighter. What do you think of the teacher's intention? " Zunlusha said angrily, "We all know right and wrong!" The doctor couldn't help it, but he was wronged by Shang Qing. Ask the doctor if there is any defect. Zun lusa is even more angry and wants to resign. Wang is afraid of being sentenced to defects, and Wang is right. Interesting. The courier will go four or three times before it arrives. Seeing this, he bowed down and called the king of Chu, saying, "There are wuyue in the east of Chu, Qin in the west and Qi Jin in the north, and they all want to meet. When I came out of the suburbs of Shanxi, I heard that Jin made an agreement with the princes to seek Chu, and punished them with white sacrifices, and made a series of pearl jade articles, offering blood sacrifices to form an alliance, saying,' Don't harm Chu, don't meet each other.' Throw the sacrifice into the river and cross it. The king must put a pillow on his bed. The king of Chu began to ask questions and respected Rusha, pointing to the sky and saying, "If you respect Rusha for purity, Chu will be as powerful as the sun." The king said, "Of course. Dare to ask He Xian? " Zunrusha said, "You can't say it for nothing." The king said, "Of course. "That is, life is qing. Life in March is no exception. The king was very afraid, so he summoned Lu Sha, the commander-in-chief of Shuai Shuai in the Jin Dynasty. Zun Rusha stared, wrong. When he was forced, he said: "Jin Shi is very sharp. He is planning for the king. If you cut the land, you will be even with him. " The king got angry and was imprisoned for three years. Zunrusha said to people, "I know from time to time that it is enough to bring disaster." "Don't talk for life, don't talk. The gentleman said: During the Warring States period, scholars often did not keep their promises, but often used media wealth to respect Rusha. Make nomads from not arriving immediately, or sell less. It's unfortunate that we haven't been defeated for a long time! Looking back, we tried to deceive others, but not the latter. However, it is not unfortunate but appropriate to respect Lu Shazhi.
Translation:
There was a man named Zunlusha in the State of Qin. He liked to brag very much. In this case, he still believed in himself. Qin people laughed at him, and Zun Lusha said, "Don't laugh at me, I'm going to tell King Chen of Chu how to govern the country." So he proudly walked to the southern state of Chu.
When he arrived at the border of Chu, the officials guarding the border arrested him. Zunrusha said, "Look out! Don't arrest me, I'm here to be the teacher of the king of Chu. " The border guards took him to court. The doctor put him in a hotel and asked him, "Mr. Wang doesn't despise our remote country and doesn't take thousands of miles as a distance to help and strengthen our Chu state." I haven't had the honor to contact you for a long time, and I dare not pour out my heart. I dare not ask more about other things. I'd like to hear your idea of being a teacher in Wang Chu for the time being? "Zunlu sofa said angrily," This is not something you can know! " "The doctor did not find out the true intention of Zunlusha, but sent him to Shangqing to defect. I treated him as a guest and asked him like a doctor. Zun lusa was even more angry and made a show of farewell. Afraid of offending the king of Chu, I rushed to tell him.
The king of Chu urged Zun Lusha to see him, but Zun Lusha hasn't arrived yet, and the sent messengers have been invited three or four times. When he met the king of Chu, Zunlusha just surrendered and did not bow down. He summoned the king of Chu and said to him, "wuyue is in the east of Chu, Qin is in the west, Qi and Jin are in the north, and all these countries are watching Chu. Recently, I passed by the border of the State of Jin, and heard that the State of Jin offered to attack the State of Chu together with other vassal States, killing white horses and exhibiting the Pearl Jade Palace, and even swore:' Don't let the State of Chu suffer, and never meet again!' And threw the jade into the river to worship the river god, and was about to cross the river. King Chu, can you sleep well? "The king of Chu stood up and asked for countermeasures. Zun Lu Sha swears by heaven: "If I respect Lu Sha as Qing, Chu is not strong, and this grandson is my witness! The king of Chu said, "Excuse me, which thing should I do first?" Zunlusha said, "This cannot be said in vain. The king of Chu said, "Yes." "So immediately appointed him as qing.
After three months, nothing unusual happened. Soon after, Duke Xiang of Jin led the troops of local governors to arrive. The king of Chu was very afraid and called Zun Lusha to discuss the plan to retreat from the enemy. Zunlusha's eyes widened and he could not speak. He was forced to say, "The army of Jin State is very brave. For the king of Chu, the best way is to cut land and make peace with the state of Jin. " The king of Chu was furious. He locked Zunlusha up for three years and cut off his nose before letting him go.
Zunlusha said to people, "From then on, I knew that talking big was enough to get into trouble." Since then, he has never spoken again. I wanted to say something, but I stopped when I touched my cut nose.
Talented people say: During the Warring States Period, most scholars liked to blow their own horn, which was irrelevant. They probably wanted to make money by blowing their own horn. Zun lusa is one of them. If 8 jin j doesn't arrive immediately, maybe he can play his tricks a little; Unfortunately, he failed soon. Throughout the past, anyone who cheated or cheated had no good end. In this way, it is not unfortunate, but should be.
6. Huang Houjiang: What is a real language? Why should Chinese be taught as a language course? Huang Houjiang 1978, China launched a big discussion on the standard of truth, which brought ideological rectification and thorough elimination, and also brought valuable experience of ideological emancipation: people spoke freely, discussed problems, clarified right and wrong, and achieved ideological emancipation through discussion.
Inspired by this, at the end of last year and the beginning of this year, this newspaper held a big discussion on "what is a real language", "how to teach Chinese" and "who is the subject of Chinese class" in the national education circle, especially in the Chinese education circle, in an attempt to promote the healthy development of Chinese education in China under the new situation, new tasks and new requirements. Teaching Chinese as a Chinese class seems to be repetitive, but it is not; Because of the current Chinese classes, some Chinese classes are not about the content of Chinese, so we should set things right and trace back to the source.
Huang Houjiang, a special Chinese teacher in Jiangsu Province, thinks in Why to Teach Chinese as a Chinese Class that Chinese classes should not be full of sound and light, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, astronomical geography and natural phenomena, and such Chinese classes are not Chinese classes. Let Chinese class aim at improving the comprehensive quality of Chinese, and let Chinese class return to the essence of language.
From this, we believe that teaching Chinese as a Chinese class and using Chinese methods are the core of a real language. This paper is a further development after the article "Real Language Rejects Luxury Packaging" written by Professor Sun Shaozhen of Fujian Normal University on February 27th, 20 13, and it is a phased result of the discussion on real language.
It is hoped that Chinese educators all over the country will further participate in the discussion, make joint efforts to clarify relevant Chinese education concepts, find the truth of Chinese classroom and explore the true meaning of Chinese teaching. Mr. Qian Liqun said: "It is urgent to change the way of Chinese teaching.
The so-called change in teaching methods is to' turn Chinese classes into Chinese classes'. "I don't know whether Mr. Wang's remarks are related to what I have said for many years, but in view of the serious alienation in Chinese teaching, we have always advocated and practiced Chinese teaching with a clear-cut stand.
In the research and practice, a systematic Chinese teaching proposition and an effective practical operation mechanism have been formed. "Teaching Chinese as a Chinese course and using Chinese methods" has always been the core proposition of local Chinese.
The discussion on "real Chinese" initiated by Language and Literature Newspaper is an academic activity to set things right and explore the real laws of Chinese teaching. In our opinion, the most basic requirement of "true language" is to "teach Chinese as a Chinese class and teach Chinese by Chinese methods".
So, what is a "Chinese class"? Or what is "real language"? In my opinion, its basic requirements are: language as the core, Chinese activities as the main body, and improving the comprehensive quality of Chinese. The Chinese subject with language as its core has its own value and personality characteristics different from other subjects.
Mr. Ye Shengtao clearly pointed out: "Chinese is a course to learn language skills." Version 20 1 1 of Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education also clearly points out: "Chinese curriculum is a comprehensive and practical course for learning the use of language and characters."
The basic task of Chinese class is to learn the use of language, and the basic task of mother tongue class is to cultivate students' love for mother tongue and their ability to learn to use mother tongue, which should be beyond doubt. The problem is not that simple.
Some Chinese classes have everything but no Chinese; Many Chinese classes have nothing but "Chinese" as seen by teachers. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: due to the richness and extensiveness of Chinese curriculum content, many people have a misunderstanding of the core elements of Chinese curriculum; Because "the extension of Chinese is equal to life", some people think that Chinese is life and life is Chinese; Because of the humanity of Chinese curriculum, some people think that Chinese is humanity and humanity is Chinese. Because Chinese is a part of culture, some people think that Chinese is culture and culture is Chinese. Because Chinese must pay attention to people's growth, some people think that Chinese is education and education is Chinese; Because Chinese should train students' thinking, language and thinking are always closely related. Some people think that China people are thinking, and thinking is China people. Because Chinese has a great influence on people's feelings, some people think that Chinese is emotional education, and emotional education is Chinese. Because literature is a very important part of Chinese, some people think that Chinese is literature and literature is Chinese ... If complicated problems are simplified, Chinese class is actually a pair of contradictions, that is, the relationship between words and meaning.
Reading and listening are proud of words; Writing and speaking are words that express meaning. Of course, there is also a symbiotic relationship between words and meanings, so the teaching wit of natural Chinese is mainly symbiotic teaching method.
From the perspective of curriculum, speech should be a more core factor. What is language as the core? That is, all teaching activities should fully reflect the language elements and focus on the language.
It is embodied in language interpretation, language taste, language accumulation, language application and language symbiosis. Even if there are other teaching arrangements, we should serve these language activities.
It should be noted that from the linguistic point of view, the "language" here may be "speech" or different expressions. Here, we just use the expressions that people are used to, without going deep into the concept.
Classroom teaching with Chinese activities as the main body is a flowing process, which consists of teaching activities and learning activities. In fact, many Chinese classes are not composed of teaching activities and learning activities, but a class composed of content accumulation, question and answer listing, form presentation, concept deduction and conclusion transmission, and even question and answer.
Judging from the basic requirements of classroom teaching, Chinese classroom teaching must be composed of Chinese activities. What is China activity? First of all, it should be the activities of China people, not other activities.
Chinese activities should be language-centered activities, and listening, speaking, reading and writing should be the basic forms, but many Chinese classes spend a lot of time on other activities. For example, when teaching Jinci Temple, you can visit this scenic spot through video; when teaching Mulan Poetry, you can enjoy the American movie Mulan; when teaching Beijing Hutong, it becomes a display of Beijing customs, and it becomes Beijing Hutong and Shanghai.
7. The translation of classical Chinese will be sent to Chu.
When the king of Chu heard the news, he said to his subordinates, "Yan Ying, who is good at rhetoric in Qi State, is here now. I want to humiliate him. What can I do? " His men replied, "When he comes, please allow us to bind a man and walk in front of the king. The king asked, "What does this man do?" We replied,' It belongs to Qi.
The king asked again, "What crime have you committed?" We replied, "We have committed theft." When Yan Zi arrived, the King of Chu rewarded Yan Zi with wine.
While drinking, two officials tied a man to the king of Chu. The king of Chu said, "What do people who are tied up do?" The official replied, "It was Qi people who committed theft."
The king of Chu glanced at Yan Zi and said, "Are people in Qi good at stealing?" Yan Zi left his seat and solemnly replied, "I heard that oranges grow in Huainan, which means oranges, and in Huaibei, which means oranges." They only have similar leaves, but the fruit tastes different. What is the reason? The water and soil are different.
Now people don't steal when they live in Qi, but only when they arrive in Chu. Will the soil and water of Chu be easy to steal? King Chu said with a smile, "A saint can't joke with him, and I'm bored myself." .
8. Translation of Ancient Chinese-Talking about Hongsheng (word Yunsi), a native of Qiantang, Longlu, who has lived in Xincheng Gate for a long time, is my friend.
One day, we were discussing poetry at Scott's house in Wang Shizhen. Hong Yunsi hated the disorder of popular poetry and said, "Isn't poetry a dragon?" The head, tail, claws, horns, scales and horns are all gone, so it is not a dragon. "Scott said with a smile," poetry should be like a dragon. You can see the dragon's head, but you can't see its tail. Sometimes only claws and scales are exposed in the clouds. How can you see the whole? "I can see that they are all drawn by human sculptures."
I said, "dragons are flexible and have no fixed shape." You may see scales and claws in a trance, but the dragon's head and tail are intact and still exist (which can be inferred from scales and claws).
If you are confused by what you see, you have an excuse to think that all dragons are carved. "。