Nine of the Ten Famous Paintings in Ancient China: The Spring Dawn in the Han Palace by Chou Ying in Ming Dynasty.
Ten Famous Paintings of Chunxiao in Han Palace (30.6 cm long and 574.438+0 cm wide)
Chou Ying, a famous painter in Ming Dynasty, and Chou Ying, a native of Taicang, are one of the most representative painters in Ming Dynasty. Chou Ying's paintings generally have simple names, unlike other painters in the Ming Dynasty who wrote poems on them. Chou Ying is good at depicting beautiful women, and is well known. Xiao Chun Tu of Han Palace is Chou Ying's most outstanding masterpiece. This picture depicts the magnificent scene of the palace gardens in the Han Dynasty, and shows the daily life of the concubines in the court with amazing pen and ink.
The Spring Dawn of the Han Palace takes the palace life in the Han Dynasty as the theme, and depicts the life state of court beauties. The composition of the whole picture scroll is complex, the pen is vigorous and powerful, the colors are elegant and magnificent, there are strange trees and rocks, and there are gorgeous palaces, which constitute a fairyland-like beauty. In addition to the portrait of a beautiful woman, the picture scroll also focuses on the concubines playing the piano and chess, appreciating calligraphy and painting, and appreciating antiques and flowers. From the beginning, this picture scroll was a beautiful palace exterior. Willow sprouts, full of spring. There is a pool outside the palace wall, where Yuanyang and Silverpheasant play in the water. A maid-in-waiting with three children watched the silver pheasant spread its wings by the pond.
Six of the Top Ten Famous Paintings of China: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains by Wang Ximeng in the Northern Song Dynasty
The national map of a thousand miles is 51.5cm long and 0/191.5cm wide. This is a silk replica, green and without money. According to the volume, Cai Jing's inscription is known to have been written by Wang Ximeng and is now in the Palace Museum. The works depict endless mountains and vast rivers and lakes in the form of long scrolls, which are arranged and decorated among mountains, slopes and waters, including pavilions, thatched houses, small bridges with water mills, fishing, navigation, tourism, birds and so on. Fine description and vivid meaning. There are many scenery and myriad weather, and the composition emphasizes the change of density, and the combination of hemp and axe shows the texture and light and dark changes of rocks; The color is uniform and beautiful, with ochre in the green, which is rich in change and decoration. The artistic conception of the works is magnificent and magnificent, which fully shows the beauty and magnificence of the natural landscape.
Five of China's Top Ten Famous Paintings: The Picture of Han Xizai's Banquet in the Five Dynasties
Han Xizai's Night Banquet is based on the anecdote of Han Xizai, assistant minister of Zhongshu in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Han Xizai (AD 907-970), born in Lubei, was a scholar in the late Tang Dynasty. He was a northern aristocrat who fled to the south because of the war and was retained by the court in the Southern Tang Dynasty. When Li Yu ascended the throne, the Southern Tang Dynasty was devastated, but the Northern Song Dynasty rose rapidly. Li Yu is worried about the survival of his small court. For Han Xizai, Li Yu wanted to take a picture of him, but she was uneasy and ambivalent. Han Xizai also realized that although he apparently benefited from the Southern Tang Dynasty, he was a northerner and had no intention of being an official. In adversity, Han Xizai, in order to avoid possible bad luck, had to try to avoid conflict with the court politically, and try to divert the attention of his colleagues in life and deceive the court. Li Yu just thinks that Han Xizai's life is too dissolute, and out of "cherishing talents", he wants to convince Han Xizai through pictures. So, when he learned that Han Xizai was a "good singer", he specialized in drinking at night. Although the guests are miscellaneous and clamoring for good, they are no longer detained. "He" ordered Gu to come to the first place at night, get a glimpse of it, learn from it, remember it, and draw a picture. " This is the reason for the creation of Han Xizai's The Night Banquet.
Whole roll size: 28.7cm*33.55cm
A maid-in-waiting looked at the peacock dancing outside through the window. There are two maids on both sides of the peacock. One maid-in-waiting is feeding the peacock, another maid-in-waiting leans against the door, and another maid-in-waiting walks down the steps with a kettle. A concubine was standing in the garden, watching the maids around her watering the peony flowers, next to her companion, who was surrounded by two maids, one watering and the other accompanying a fan. There is a pear tree with beautiful white flowers in the yard. Some maids pick pears and put them in pots, while others put them on their temples.
One of China's top ten famous paintings: Fuchun, Huang and Yuan Dynasty.
Fuchun Shan Jutu is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down by China. Paper and ink painting. Fuchun Shan Jutu was first painted in Zheng Zheng for seven years (1347) and completed in Zheng Zheng for ten years. Fuchun Shan Jutu was destroyed by fire in Shunzhi period of Qing Dynasty, and it was broken into two parts. The first half of the book was mounted separately and renamed "Fuchun Shan Jutu Yushan Map", which is now in the Zhejiang Provincial Museum. Known as the treasure of Zhejiang Museum. The second half of Fuchun Shan Jutu is useless, and now it is in the National Palace Museum. The first half of Fuchun Shan Jutu Canshan Map is 365,438+0.8cm in length and 565,438+0.4cm in width. The second half of Fuchun Shan Jutu is 33cm long and 636.9cm wide.
One of the remains of Fuchun Shan Jutu. This painting began in the seventh year of Zheng Zheng (1347) and was completed in the tenth year of Zheng Zheng. This painting was burned in the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty and broke into two pieces. The first half of the painting was mounted separately and renamed "Yushan Map", which is now in the Zhejiang Provincial Museum. Known as the treasure of Zhejiang Museum.
Fuchun Shan Jutu is a famous painting by Huang, a famous painter in Yuan Dynasty, and it is the best among Huang. It is a paper ink painting with a width of 33 cm and a length of 636.9 cm, which is the representative work of Huang's later years. Huang, a long character, is a great calligrapher, fluent in temperament and good at writing poems. When he was young, he had few ambitions and prospects. Middle-aged people were involved in prison and suffered a lot. In his fifties, he lived in seclusion by the Fuchun River, studied landscape painting under Dong Yuan and Ju Ran, and became an 80-year-old man when he became famous. Huang devoted all his life savings to painting creation and worked hard for it for several years. Finally, in his eighties, he finished the long scroll Fuchun Shan Jutu, which is the highest realm of landscape painting. In the form of long scrolls, it depicts the beautiful scenery in early autumn on both sides of Fuchun River, with green peaks, graceful turquoise, smoky trees in Yunshan and Sha Ting cottages. The layout is dense and changeable, with clear pen and ink and simple artistic conception, the vast and continuous southern mountains and rivers are vividly displayed, reaching the realm of rich mountains and rivers and lush vegetation.
The picture scroll of Fuchun Shan Jutu is a six-page book, that is, a picture scroll composed of six pieces of paper. Huang (Zi Zijiu) was the most famous painter in Yuan Dynasty and had a great influence in the history of painting. He explicitly mentioned modeling in his book Landscape Tactics. He said: Put the tracing pen in your purse, or put it in a good place. When you see something strange on the tree, it is easy to write it. Zi Jiu's works are not many, among which Fuchun Shan Jutu is the best. In order to write Fuchun Shan Jutu, he enjoyed the victory of fishing in mountains and rivers with a pen and paper on his sleeve, and whenever he met the scenery, he would stop to memorize it. This painting was completed in the seventh year of Zheng Zheng (1347), when Zi Jiu was nearly eighty years old. The inscription in the painting shows that he spent three or four years observing and pondering the painting. Zhang Geng recorded Dong Qichang's praise for this painting in The Beautiful Consciousness of Pictures, while Zi Jiu painted Yuan Sijia. Such as Fuchun Mountain Scroll, its verve is detached, its body is prepared with various methods, it is detached and muddy, and it does not fall.
One of the top ten famous paintings in ancient China: Tang Yan and Li Ben Bujitu.
The silk version of Walking Map is in color, with a vertical length of 38.5 cm and a horizontal length of 129.6 cm.
Taking the important event of Li Shimin marrying Princess Wencheng to the Tubo King as the background, Walking Map shows the scene that Lu Dongzan, an envoy of Tubo, came to the Tang Dynasty to meet her in the 15th year of Zhenguan (AD 64 1 year) and was summoned by Emperor Taizong. There are 13 figures in the painting, including Emperor Taizong. Although Tang Taizong is not in the center of the picture, but in the first half of the horizontal scroll, the author skillfully handles the composition, which makes the characters mainly in Tang Taizong actually in the center of the picture vision, and at the same time constitutes the combination relationship of the picture radiating from the inside out. Surrounded by nine handmaids, Tang Taizong's broad posture and dignified expression are in sharp contrast with the slender and dynamic shaping of handmaids, which constitutes the most important thing in the visual sense of the picture. The same idea is also reflected in the three envoys in front of Emperor Taizong. Although they are farther away from Emperor Taizong than maids, they form a corresponding line of sight with Emperor Taizong, which puts them in a more important visual position. In modeling, we chose the dynamic of bowing our heads, and at the same time, the center of gravity of all three people moved back slightly, which also gave people an unstable visual feeling. In contrast, it not only shows respect for envoys, but also sets off the elegant demeanor of the Tang emperor.
The author's painting skills have reached a high level, not only reflected in the ingenious composition arrangement, but also the depiction of specific characters is very wonderful, with smooth lines and exquisite facial features, which won the personality temperament of the characters. In particular, the appearance of the three envoys reflected a strong exotic atmosphere. Li Simiao commented on Yan's paintings in the Catalogue of Continued Paintings: "If all countries come to the imperial court, they are proud of Tu Shan jade; Hundreds of people salute and meet the door bending and rotating at the moment when the instrument ends in order; Chief secretive, nose flying; If you try your best, you will be favored. " It is by no means a hollow reputation.
In the right half of this painting, Emperor Taizong sits on the steps, surrounded by ladies-in-waiting. On the left are three former courtesy officers, one is Lu Dongzan and the other is an interpreter. The image of Emperor Taizong is the focus of the whole picture. The author took great pains to describe it vividly and carefully. Emperor Taizong in the painting is handsome, with deep eyes and solemn expression, which fully shows the demeanor and majesty of the Ming emperor in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In order to better highlight the supreme demeanor of Taizong, the author skillfully uses contrast techniques to set off the performance. First, the ladies-in-waiting are petite and immature. Their posture of holding a fan or lifting a net, standing sideways or upright, or leaning or walking reflects the grandeur, depth and steadiness of Emperor Taizong, which is a contrast. Secondly, Lu Dongzan's sincere humility and courtesy set off Tang's peaceful and amiable attitude, which is a positive contrast. The picture has no background, the structure is from right to left, from near to sparse, the focus is prominent and the levels are distinct.
One of China's Ten Famous Paintings: The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival by Zhang Zeduan in Northern Song Dynasty.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, full volume, Zhang Zeduan, Northern Song Dynasty, silk edition, light color.
The original of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, one of the top ten Chinese paintings, is darker in color and 100% loyal to the original.
Full size: longitudinal length: 24.8 cm, transverse length: 528 cm.
The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival depicts the bustling scene inside and outside the east corner of Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the banks of Bianhe River during the Qingming period. The whole painting can be divided into three parts:
The first paragraph describes the suburban scenery, low eaves and criss-crossing buildings, during which people come and go.
The middle section is centered on the "Shangtu Bridge", and the Bianhe River and the scenery on both sides are also painted. The large wooden bridge in the middle, shaped like a flying rainbow, is generally called "Hongqiao" and named "Shangtu Bridge", which is the intersection of land and water transportation. Cars and horses come and go like shuttles on the bridge, with dense vendors and bustling pedestrians.
The second half describes the city streets. There are many shops in this city. The big shop is still tied with colorful buildings, the door of happiness, and the small shop is just an open shed. In addition, there are public temples. Pedestrians jostle each other in the street, and horses, chariots and camels come in an endless stream. There are gentlemen, officials, servants, vendors, pawns, bearers, workshop workers, storytellers, hairdressers, doctors, fortune tellers, your women, monks, naughty children and even beggars. They have different identities, different clothes, and are in the same street, but they are busy and unhappy. There are sedan chairs, camel teams, cattle, horses, donkey carts and rickshaws in the city. There are many kinds of vehicles, such as trains, Taiping cars and flat cars, which reproduce the prosperity of Bianjing city market. This tall gatehouse, named Dongjiaozimen, is located in the southeast of Bianjing inner city.
The whole picture is rich and vivid, and reproduces the life of Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, in the heyday of12nd century.
This painting is written with pen and tape, and its color is elegant, which is different from the general boundary painting, that is, the so-called "not getting married". The composition adopts a bird's-eye panoramic view method, which truly and intensively depicts the typical area in the southeast corner of Bianjing at that time. The author uses the traditional hand-rolled form and "scattered perspective" to organize the picture. The picture is long but not redundant, complicated but not chaotic, tight and compact, in one go. The scenery in the painting is as big as the silent Yuan Ye, as big as the vast rivers and as big as the towering battlements; As small as the characters on the boat, the goods displayed on the vendors and the words on the market, there was no loss. The picture of more than 500 words is interspersed with various plots, which is coherent and interesting at the same time.
There are inscriptions such as Zhu and Kuan 13. In the picture behind, there are 96 square seals.
One of the Top Ten Famous Paintings in Ancient China: Qing Ran Bai Ning Juntu
Qing Ran Bai Ning Jun Tu
94.5cm in the vertical direction and 776.2cm in the horizontal direction, and the silk book is a long color scroll.
Lang Shining's Picture of a Hundred Horses is a masterpiece of painting in Qing Dynasty. The original silk book was 94.5 cm long and 776.2 cm wide, so Euripito in the Tibetan Palace could not watch it. Ding Yi of the Qing Dynasty is gone, and the Qing Palace is the Palace Museum, so you can browse it. Since then, Fu Zi's Journal of the Palace Museum was published in the Palace Weekly, making him famous in the world of art. It is now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
This painting depicts a hundred horses with different postures grazing and swimming on the grassland. Horses lie or stand, play or feed, relax and gather freely; In terms of specific techniques of expression, Lang Shining adopted the landscape description methods commonly used in western painting, such as emphasizing first, then neglecting, first being solid, then being imaginary, first being big, then being small, etc. , so that the picture has produced a far-reaching and ethereal landscape, plants, landscapes and figures are realistic and exquisite. The whole picture is rich in color, complex in composition and lifelike. Picturesque horses, figures, trees and slopes all apply the principle of light, making the image very three-dimensional; However, the ink lines of pine needles, bark, grass leaves and rubbings of stone slopes still contain the traditional techniques of China, and even the shadows on horses and tree trunks are made by the traditional rendering methods of China. This painting, painted in the sixth year of Yongzheng (1728), is one of Lang's early typical works.
One of the Top Ten Famous Paintings in Ancient China: Five Cattle in Tang and Han Dynasties.
The map of five cows is a collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing. Hemp paper, length 20.8 cm, width 139.8 cm, no stamps. The writer is Han Kun, a famous prime minister of the Tang Dynasty.
"Five Cattle Map" (723-787) [Tang] Chang 'an (now Shaanxi An) is the son. At that time, Han Gan was famous for drawing horses, and Han Kun was famous for drawing cows. Later, he was called "Er Han Niu Ma". This picture of five cows is the most vivid one painted by Han Kun. Five sturdy oxen were "personified" by the prime minister of the dynasty, conveying the spiritual message of paying attention to reality and working hard.
After the book was published, collectors included Zhao Gou, Zhao Boang, Zhao Mengfu, Gan Long and other celebrities. In the Ming Dynasty, it changed hands several times. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, their whereabouts were unknown. It was not until the Qianlong period that they were collected from the people and treasured in the palace. 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance ransacked the Forbidden City, and the "Five Cattle Map" was robbed abroad, and was never heard from again. In 1950s, a patriot living in Hong Kong discovered it.
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/950, Premier Zhou Enlai received a letter from this patriot, saying that the "Five Cattle Map" by Han Han in the Tang Dynasty recently appeared in Hong Kong, and the owner of the painting offered 654.38 million Hong Kong dollars, which he could not afford. He hoped that the central government could contribute money to recover the national treasure as soon as possible. Premier Zhou immediately gave instructions to ask the Ministry of Culture to identify the authenticity and buy it back at all costs, and instructed to send reliable personnel to escort and ensure the safety of cultural relics. After receiving the instructions, the Ministry of Culture immediately organized experts to go to Hong Kong to verify that the "Five Cattle Map" is indeed an original. After many negotiations, the transaction was finally made at HK$ 60,000. "Five Cattle Map" returned to the Forbidden City, and the picture was riddled with holes and broken. So it took several years for the official museum to organize experts to repair it. Today, we are finally lucky enough to see this picture of five cows, with delicate brushwork, vivid description and full of excitement. Its preciousness also lies in the fact that most of the people who survived in ancient China were flowers and birds, and those who painted with cows were so vivid that "Five Cattle Map" can be called an orphan.
One of China's top ten famous paintings: Song imitated Gu Kaizhi's Luoshen Fu.
The scroll of Luoshenfu in Song Dynasty is 5 1.2cm in longitudinal direction and 1 157cm in transverse direction. Gu Kaizhi's "Luo Shen Fu" in Song Dynasty is 27X677cm.
China is one of the top ten famous paintings handed down from generation to generation. The original "Luoshen Fu Tu" volume was painted by Gu Kaizhi, a famous painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (copied in Song Dynasty), in silk and color.
Name: Luo Shen Fu Tu (Song Mo)
Category: calligraphy and painting
Original ownership of cultural relics: it was originally the treasure of Yuanmingyuan.
Present situation of cultural relics: This painting is in quadruplicate, which are collected in Liaoning Provincial Museum, Palace Museum and Flying Art Museum.
According to Cao Zhi's masterpiece "Luoshen Fu", "Luoshen Fu Tu" is a masterpiece handed down by Gu Kaizhi. This Song version retains some features of Gu Kaizhi's art to a certain extent, and we can also get a glimpse of his pen and ink expression from thousands of years. The whole volume is divided into three parts, which describes the sincere and innocent love story between Cao Zhi and Luo Shen in a tortuous and detailed way. The characters are properly arranged and naturally alternate, overlap and exchange in different time and space, but in the description of mountains and rivers, they all show a sense of space.