First, Froebel education. 1837 This idea was founded by the German educator, the originator of modern preschool education, and is known as "the father of kindergarten". Its core idea is to conform to the principle of nature and think that education should follow the nature of children's development; Games are children's innate instinct. Games and crafts should be the most important activities in early childhood, and knowledge transfer is only an additional part.
The idea also attaches great importance to the preparation of handmade materials and teaching AIDS and the setting of environment, and advocates that kindergartens must set up flower beds, vegetable gardens and orchards. Froebel's pre-school education thought occupies an extremely important position in the history of pre-school education in the world, and was introduced to China through Japan in the early 20th century.
Second, DAP early childhood education. This concept, that is, the concept of carrying out appropriate sex education practice, was put forward by the National Association for Early Childhood Education in the United States in 1987, and has now become the educational practice guide of almost all early childhood institutions in the United States. The core of DAP education is to develop suitable practical courses, and the choice of course content is mainly based on three aspects: cognition of children's development stage, cognition of children's personality characteristics and cognition of cultural differences.
DAP education advocates respecting children's subjectivity and emphasizes the suitability, purpose and development of early childhood education. It takes creative game experience as the main form of realization, entertaining and entertaining. It is pointed out that an "effective teacher" is the creator of the game environment, and should take into account the differences of children's personality, family environment, cultural background and intelligence level, always pay attention to children's needs, abilities and interests, and constantly change the environment settings.
On March 20 15, the executive chairman of the American Association for Early Childhood Education gave a speech at the Paris headquarters of UNESCO, calling DAP education, Froebel education, Montessori education and Waldorf education "the four major early childhood education concepts in the world". Since the end of the 20th century, the related concepts of DAP education have been introduced into China.
Third, the early education of EYFS in Britain. EYFS is an early education system established by the British government, aiming at "giving parents the best choice and giving their children the best start". It was formally incorporated into the Child Care Act of England in September 2008. ?
British educational circles believe that teaching children how to communicate is obviously more valuable than teaching so-called "true and correct knowledge". The system has established 28 early education goals and 1 17 evaluation criteria, and put forward legal standards, evaluation requirements and result expectations for early education institutions aged 0-5 from seven fields. ?
These seven areas include three main areas: communication and language, physical development, personal social and emotional development; It also includes four characteristic areas: reading and writing, mathematics, understanding of the world, and expressive force of art and design. In recent years, EYFS early childhood education system began to test water in China.