/kloc-Before the 0/9th century, there were only two universities in Britain, Oxford and Cambridge. Cambridge University was founded by some teachers and students of Oxford in the early13rd century. Many famous figures in history have studied in Oxford, including:/kloc-Magee Bacon, a famous scholar in the 3rd century;/kloc-dean of Burlio College in the 4th century; organizer of the first complete English Bible in history; John wycliffe, pioneer of the English Reformation;/kloc-writers Walter Raleigh and john donne in the 6th century;/kloc-. John wesley and Charles Wesley, who founded the Methodist Church, samuel johnson, a literary translator, charles dodgson,/kloc-a children's writer in the 0/9th century. Of the 40 prime ministers in British history, 29 are Oxford graduates, including Hamad Wilson, Edward Heath, Margaret Thatcher and now Prime Minister Tony Blair. Among the graduates of Oxford University are a European president, a Norwegian king, five American senators and an Australian cabinet member of13. Modern writers such as Green and Auden also graduated from Oxford. Modern science, such as Stephen Hawking, who wrote A Brief History of Time, and andrew wiles, who proved Fermat's Last Theorem, all studied in Oxford and became doctors in Cambridge. Among the graduates of Oxford University, 2 1 won the Nobel Prize.
There are currently 29 colleges in Oxford, and the relationship between colleges and schools is in the form of federalism, just like the relationship between the central government and local governments in the United States. Each college is managed by a dean and several researchers, who are experts in various academic fields, and most of them have positions in the school. Six quasi-colleges (called "permanent private colleges"), managed by various religious factions, still retain their religious charters. In addition, there is a continuing education college. Among the 35 colleges, Wanling College currently has no students, only academicians (including visiting academicians). Each college has a different size, but all colleges have less than 500 students. Students and teachers (academicians) come from different professional disciplines.
In addition to colleges, the teaching and research activities of Oxford University (especially the latter) are mainly organized by departments, which are not autonomous units within the university. They are all interdisciplinary institutions and are not affiliated to any college, but the teachers and students of each department must first be members of a college within Oxford University. Oxford now has 16 departments: anthropology and geography, biological sciences, clinical medicine, English and literature, law, classical literature, philosophy and ancient history, mathematics, medieval and modern languages, modern history, music, orientalism, physical sciences, physiology, psychology, sociology, theology and art. In addition, some research institutes (such as education colleges that recruit graduate students) are not affiliated to the above departments, but directly affiliated to universities.
Oxford University has a strong research force. Among its teachers, there are 83 members of the Royal Society and 125 members of the British Academy of Sciences. In mathematics, computer science, physics, biology, medicine and other fields, it is among the best in Britain and even the world. In recent years, Oxford has made remarkable achievements not only in liberal arts but also in science, not only in basic science, but also in applied science research.
In the biomedical field, since Fleming discovered penicillin in London, Oxford scientists Flory and Tsai En put it into clinical application in the 1940s, and the three of them shared the Nobel Prize. The most widely used antibiotic 1955 was discovered by Edward Abraham of Oxford. Oxford University is also committed to the clinical application of molecular biology and nuclear magnetic resonance principles in medical diagnosis. Oxford also plays a leading role in discovering human immune melon system and applying genetic engineering technology to clinical problems. The college also has great potential in HIV, transplant surgery and genetic disease research. 1987, Squibb & Sons donated 20 million pounds to the Department of Pharmacy to support their research work.
In the field of environmental science, Oxford's research involves forest history, climate change, remote sensing, land use, wildlife protection, livestock management, pollution, corrosion, desert invasion and many other topics.
Oxford is in a leading position in solid-state physics, high magnetism, laser research, elementary particle research and atmospheric physics. Clarendon Laboratory of Physics Department plays a special role in the field of nuclear research in the world. Basic research has also led to important industrial development, including the establishment of enterprises such as Oxford Instruments and Oxford Laser Company.
In the Department of Chemistry alone, there are currently four Nobel Prize winners in Oxford. Great achievements have been made in protein, synthesis of new inorganic materials and computer-aided design of molecules. , and has been widely used in chemical industry, medicine, microelectronics industry and other fields.
Oxford has also made great achievements in the fields of internal dynamics of the earth, research on land boundary deformation, low temperature treatment and paleontology. Oxford Institute of Mathematics is in the forefront of many branches of mathematics in the world, and computer science research also has a certain position at home and abroad. Oxford is an internationally recognized British economic center. Not only experts in finance and management disciplines, but also experts in law, psychology and natural science participated in the study of economics. 1987 the number of Oxford graduates entering the industrial and commercial sector exceeds the number of people employed in other industries.
Oxford University is also very active in the study of development economics and international relations, and is also known as one of the most active centers for the study of contemporary China.
There are many outstanding theologians, philosophers, jurists, historians, musicians, writers and literary critics in Oxford University, and they are quite powerful in politics, geography, sociology and psychology.
Bodley Library in Oxford is the second largest library in Britain (after the British Library), with 6 million books.
Oxford Press is world-famous and the largest university press in the world. Especially its 20-volume Oxford English Dictionary is world-famous.
For young students, studying in Oxford should be said to be an outstanding opportunity, a painful and attractive thing and a glorious road. However, for British society, there is something beyond glory. Oxford and Cambridge are important and hopeful roads to the highest power. They train a group of intellectual dignitaries for Britain every year, and some of them will reach the peak of power. Just give an example to see the weight of this temptation. In the parliamentary session of 1979, among the 339 Conservative MPs, 94 are from Oxford and 75 are from Cambridge. These alumni also form clubs and alumni associations to support each other through thick and thin. Moreover, from father to son, they form a network of relationships. Imagine what this is like.
1963, Robbins, President of the Financial Times and Dean of the London School of Economics, published the Robbins Report. Accuse Oxford and Cambridge of their monopoly position and the serious influence caused by their coldness and conservatism. The British government at that time was impressed by this and approved the report within 48 hours. The government decided to build more universities to dilute the influence of Oxford and Cambridge. Soon, eight universities opened. However, people are surprised to find that these eight universities are almost the same as Oxford and Cambridge. The architectural style of school buildings and the style and pattern of campus seem to be traced back from Oxford and Cambridge. More interestingly, each of these eight universities is headed by a vice-president from Oxford or Cambridge.
history
Oxford is a major city in the Thames Valley, and its significance lies in the fact that Oxford University was founded here in 1 167. Oxford must have something to do with cows. Legend has it that cattle waded past in ancient times, hence the name Oxford. Oxford has always been the focus of London's westbound route. As early as 1096, someone gave a lecture at Oxford.
Oxford University is the oldest university in English-speaking countries. 12 century ago, there were no universities in Britain, and people went to France and other European countries to study. 1 167, the then king of England and the king of France had a quarrel. In a rage, the king of England recalled the British scholars who sent them to the University of Paris and prohibited them from going to the University of Paris again. Another way of saying it is that the French king, in a fit of pique, drove British scholars back to England from the University of Paris. In any case, these scholars returned from Paris and gathered in Oxford to teach and study scholasticism. So people began to regard Oxford as a "general study", which is actually the predecessor of Oxford University. Scholars gathered in Oxford because Henry II built one of his palaces in Oxford at that time, and scholars came here to protect the king. /kloc-At the end of 0/2, Oxford was called "University for Teachers and Students". 120 1 year, it has the first principal. 12 13, the school got the first charter from the papal envoy.
It was in the Middle Ages that young students with active thoughts, unruly lives and frequent debts inevitably clashed with local residents. Cambridge University was founded at the beginning of13rd century. In the biggest conflict, hundreds of students were shot dead by random arrows. The result of this incident was that the king stepped forward to suppress it and sentenced the citizens to compensate Oxford University for 500 years.
Many colleges that make up Oxford University were built between 13 and16th century. Christian College, founded by Cardinal Worthy on 1525, is a church college for training bishops. The upper part of the tower of Tom Square Garden was built by Lun Yu 1682, which is the largest tower in the city. When Tom's clock hung up on 1648, there were1kloc-0/students in the college, so at 9: 05 pm (Oxford time is 5 minutes slower than Greenwich mean time), the clock rang 10 1 to remind students to pay attention to the curfew (since/kloc-
Merton College is the oldest college in Oxford (1264). Others include: New College (1379), Queen's College (1695) and so on. Each college has its glorious history and mythical architectural relics, which can depict all kinds of interesting historical facts.
/kloc-during the civil war in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, many battles took place near Oxford, which was once the headquarters of Charles I supported by students. When royalists were forced to flee Oxford, Cronville became president of the university.