Su Dongpo, his father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Zhe are the representatives of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Legend has it that he is the reincarnation of Wen Quxing. According to historical facts, this statement is true. When Su Dongpo was born, his father Su Xun was twenty-seven years old. Young people in their prime of life did not learn easily before and made no achievements in literature. It was only after his son was born that he suddenly felt as if he had been stimulated and he began to study hard. But "it's all wrong to be promoted to a scholar and a different talent in your spare time." Later generations analyzed that Su Lao's poems were not well written. Although his prose is excellent, in the Northern Song Dynasty, poems appealing to both refined and popular tastes became popular, and various imperial examinations also required a profound knowledge of poetry and prose. If you can't open your eyes to the examiners, it's hard to win fame. This may also be the problem that Su Xun didn't become a big official all his life.
We modern people always think that a child's talent and intelligence must be closely related to family education. We even think that Sue's family must be a scholarly family. However, Su Dongpo's grandfather Su Xu is an ordinary farmer and can't read. Su Xun also started from middle age, and his obsession with literature. Su Dongpo's literary attainments may really have a gift, and his mother has already educated him. Since his birth, Su Xun has influenced the teenager Su Dongpo imperceptibly with the idea that "behind closed doors, he benefits from reading, so he knows a hundred classics", so he also cultivated his habit of writing and learning Chinese characters from an early age.
Su Shi has a younger brother named Su Zhe. In ancient times, stone was a crossbar used as a handrail in front of a carriage, referring to the marks pressed out on the road after the car moved forward. Su Xun gave the brothers such a name. First of all, he hoped that Su Shi would know how to read words, conceal his sincerity, not be impulsive and not trust others too much. For the younger son, his message is that if Su Zhe is willing to stick to the rules, he can avoid disaster, although he can't be rich or expensive. A deeper meaning is that I hope the two brothers can help each other in tandem in the family and live in peace.
Su Xun has been educating a pair of sons with benevolence and filial piety, so the two brothers have very deep feelings since childhood. Besides, there is no generation gap between them, and communication is unimpeded. However, as predicted by Su Xun, when Su Shi became an adult, he was really simple-minded, casual, optimistic and decent, especially easy to trust others, and loved to write big-mouthed poems, so it was difficult to spit. When he is sharp-edged, he can't help complaining and scolding individuals. In officialdom, he also offended many people. On the contrary, Su Zhe is much calmer than him, and he is also very talented. After all, there is a talented old man and a star-studded eldest brother at home, but he is "quiet and respectful", rigorous and worried. He is always worried about his brother's boasting and bad things. He always writes to remind himself to drink less, sleep more, write less poems, talk less, drink less and sleep more, for the sake of good health, but write less poems and talk less. He is also worried that he will get into trouble if he writes too much.
This shows that Su Zhe is a man of great wisdom and foresight.
We have heard the story of "Su Xiaomei" before, but there is no such person in history, but because various magazines and media entertain the public with fictional materials based on Su Dongpo's original poems. According to Mr. Lin Yutang's conclusion from consulting a large number of documents, Su Xiaomei's prototype is a cousin of Su Dongpo, probably Su Dongpo's first love. Because they share the same surname Sue, they can't get married. Therefore, Su Dongpo just expressed this emotion in his poems.
As mentioned earlier, Su Dongpo received his mother's enlightenment education when he was young. Su Mu's family, Shicheng, is an amazing woman. She comes from a rich family, but this rich woman "doesn't wear jewelry, doesn't wear satin, and deals with poetry, pen and ink, chess and cards all day." She has a crush on Su Xun, a stubborn old man who has no money to buy luxury goods, but has money to buy books and smells bookish. After giving birth to a pair of sons for him, she injected the goal of "one father and three sons, all great writers" into her heart. She once used The Story of Fan Pang to educate Xiao Su's family, saying: If you become a person like Fan Pang in the future, I can also become a person like Fan Mu. Fan Pang was a famous official in the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty. He is clean and upright. He was persecuted for his power, so as not to get into trouble with others. He said goodbye to his mother when he died in Beijing. Fan Mu left an eternal famous saying: "You are as famous as Li and Du (,) today, why do you hate to death?"
Cheng not only taught Su Dongpo to read and write articles when he was young, but also laid the foundation for his later poetry creation. More importantly, he taught him to be an upright person, and from his young mind, he was implanted with the firm goal of becoming a "pillar of the country."
Since then, both brothers have become outstanding teenagers who are eager to clarify the world. They have worked hard all their lives and are indifferent to justice. Until later, one has become a great writer sought after like a modern star, and the other has a career all his life. Although Su Dongpo has experienced ups and downs and great changes in his life, his ambition buried in his youth is not lacking in weight because of his wandering and desolation in the second half of his life.
Stick to your own beliefs, still follow your own path and be indifferent to the world, always be high-spirited and gentle all your life. This is the casualness and madness of great writers.
Su Dongpo entered a private school at the age of six. He is very clever and deeply loved by teachers. On the one hand, it comes from school education, on the other hand, his parents are still instilling new knowledge into him. He was born with a large brain and absorbed this knowledge layer by layer, so he could understand how to write poetry in his early childhood. But unfortunately, the original poems he wrote when he was a child can't be found in the historical materials now. Fortunately, after he became an adult, he continued to create excellent works, which have been preserved to this day.
Su Dongpo got married at the age of eighteen. His first wife, Wang Fu, 15 years old, was from Meizhou, Sichuan. She also loves reading poetry since she was a child. They are like-minded, and they are Su Dongpo's "wife's help".
When Su Dongpo was twenty-one, his father and son were taking exams in Beijing at the same time. Su Dongpo wrote an article entitled "Forgiveness and Simple Administration" at that time, and the article reached Ouyang Xiu's hand.
Ouyang Xiu was a great figure in politics and literature at that time. He was very happy after reading this article, praised it and thought it was written by his good friend Ceng Gong, so in order to avoid suspicion, he gave him a second position. After the list was released, the second place in high school was Su Shi, so I got a Jinshi and.
Ever since Ouyang Xiu discovered Su Shi, he has been vigorously promoting this new talent, saying: I will give in to this man and surprise him one day, and even predict that no one will mention Ouyang Xiu again after 30 years! That's because everyone is chasing Su Dongpo.
Facts have proved that after the historical torrent washed away, Su Dongpo's influence on literati in previous dynasties was indeed far more profound than Ouyang Xiu's.
After passing the Jinshi, they continued the next round of palace entrance examination in the second year, so the two brothers stayed in Beijing and waited for the opportunity. However, before the entrance examination came, they received bad news. Their mother Shicheng died of illness, and the three of them left their hometown to see her off. On the day they returned to Beijing, both brothers took their families with them. At that time, Su Dongpo also had his first child.
In A.D. 1059, Su's youngest son came to Beijing again and settled in Kaifeng, the capital. At this time, also ushered in the next year's palace exam. Emperor Renzong read palace examination's finished articles and praised Su Shi's brothers. When he was happy, he told the minister: I chose two prime ministers for future generations today.
As long as Emperor Renzong has read the articles written by Su Shi's two brothers, he can see through their talents and courage and understand their benevolence and righteousness.
Injong is a famous monarch in history. In office for 4 1 year, he ruled the world with "benevolent government" and won the hearts of the people. At that time, Su Xun got the position of a school bookkeeper in Beijing because of his personal reputation and the influence of Su Dongpo. Dongpo was sent to Shaanxi as the judge of Fengxiang House, which was his first official position.
Su Dongpo wrote many poems during the examination in Beijing. Beijing at that time was like the birthplace of modern pop music, and he was the creator of pop music. Every time a new work comes out, it quickly spreads all over the streets. His poems are fluent in style, fresh and elegant, poetic, profound and rich, easy to understand, and do not bully civilians and children, so they are passed down through the ages.
At that time, Su Dongpo had long been famous, and many famous poems had been spread all over the world.
He wrote many poems for his brother.
While working in Shaanxi, Su Zhe also found a job in Beijing, but his brother had to go to a distant place on business, which was the first time that the two brothers had been separated for a long time. When they broke up, it was difficult to hide their feelings. Brother knows that his character is really cool and casual, and life is informal. He is always worried that he won't take care of himself. He has been reluctant to go, sending his brother from Kaifeng to Zhengzhou.
Su Dongpo is also deeply distressed. Take care of yourself from your little brother, take care of yourself. This parting made him feel bad, so he wrote a long poem in memory of his younger brother, one of which is famous: "Looking back on the slope, only the black hat came out." This is to describe that after I left, I climbed to a very high place and kept looking back for my brother. However, the mountains behind me have already blocked my view and I can't see the complete shadow of my brother. I can only vaguely see the black hat on the thin horse.
Brotherhood, poetry is the most complete imprint.
Later, he was demoted to Michigan. One day, he drank too much and couldn't help thinking of his brother. So he wrote Water Tune. The sentence at the end of this sentence is very classic: "I wish you a long time and a thousand miles together." If you don't read the preface, people always think that this lingering and hazy artistic conception will be thousands of miles away, and it must be love. Unexpectedly, it describes brotherhood.
In addition to deep feelings with his younger brother, Su Dongpo and his original wife Wang Fu also have very good feelings, although their marriage was arranged by their parents. Su Dongpo didn't have much affection for his wife at first, but after getting along for a long time, he found that this little woman was calm and sensible and loved reading as much as Su Dongpo. On one occasion, Su Dongpo was studying in her room, and Wang Fu was always beside her, quiet and gentle, so Su Dongpo was in awe of her. Since then, their feelings have become stronger and stronger.
Su Dongpo has always been bold and unrestrained, has a wide range of friends, talks openly with people, and always speaks loudly and happily. Wang Fu watched and listened carefully from time to time behind the screen. If he finds any unusual behavior among the visitors, he will often analyze them carefully, weigh the pros and cons, and warn him from time to time to watch out for villains.
Wang Fu is a woman who attaches great importance to feelings and righteousness, but her body is relatively thin since she was a child. After marrying Su Dongpo, she followed him to the remote northwest. Plus, she is always worried about her husband's career, afraid that his bold and boastful personality will cause trouble, and she is as worried about him as Su Zhe. On the other hand, due to the long-term absence from relatives, thoughts have accumulated and various pressures have been added together, and the body has gone from bad to worse. At the age of 27, she left her young husband and young children and died in another country.
The death of his wife hit Su Dongpo so hard that he couldn't forget her for ten years, so he wrote the famous sentence: "Ten years of life and death are two boundless, don't think about it, forget yourself."
This is the first time he understands that love is also the most important woman in his life.
Only one year after Wang Fu's death, 1066, his father Su Xun died. The death of an elder is a great event. 1998, Sue's two brothers took time off to see their father off in Meizhou, Sichuan.
After the funeral, he married Wang Fu's cousin Wang Runzhi.
Wang Runzhi knows Su Dongpo well and knows his feelings for his sister. But she rejoiced in his talent, worshipped him and admired him. Even though she was eleven years behind him, she married him without hesitation. After marriage, although she was not as calm and shrewd as Wang Fu and could give him some pertinent advice on "knowing people", she was virtuous and kind, introverted and simple, and took care of Su Dongpo carefully and thoughtfully.
Su Dongpo is also deeply in love with this woman.
Su Dongpo's funeral lasted for two years. He buried his father, mother and wife in the same place. Ten years later, he mentioned in a poem written for his dead wife: "It is expected that the heartbroken place will be broken every year, and the moonlit night will be short." In fact, I can't help crying when I think of my old friends in the future. No matter I miss my first wife or my parents, the hill where he planted 3,000 pine trees can never go back, because after returning to Beijing again, he has been involved in the political turmoil in the foreseeable future.
From 65438 to 0069, Wang Anshi launched a political reform aimed at developing production, enriching Qiang Bing and saving the political crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty. But in fact, because some measures are not implemented in time, the actual implementation is poor, which harms the interests of the people and touches the interests of the big landlord class. For a time, fierce opposition sprang up like mushrooms after rain, and Su Dongpo was among them.
In the summer of this year, when the reform was approved by Renzong and was in full swing, Wang Anshi put forward the theory of "abolishing poetry and fu and changing to imperial examination". Renzong couldn't make up his mind at that time, so Su Dongpo stepped forward and wrote a long article "On School Tribute" to oppose the imperial examination reform.
Su Dongpo was implicated in Wang Anshi's political reform and could not stay in Beijing, so he wrote to Hangzhou. This time, he went to Hangzhou as a satrap.
In fact, Su Dongpo likes this city very much, which is equivalent to his second hometown. After he came here, he did a lot of practical things and wrote many good poems. Among them, there is a very famous song "The water is bright and the sun is shining, the mountains are cloudy and rainy". If you want to compare the West Lake to the West Lake, light makeup is always appropriate. "Poetry is really easy to understand, fresh and elegant, and rhymes naturally. It's catchy to read, and I feel particularly relaxed and happy.
Su Dongpo's first half of his life in Hangzhou was still very pleasant. There are many literati here, and everyone can exchange and discuss poetry together, which is in line with his habits and lifestyle.
However, he is a patriot, with feelings for his country, loyalty to the emperor and compassion for the people. He is a scholar, but he is very open-minded. No matter where he is an official, he thinks of the country and the people. So, he has been doing practical things.
In Hangzhou, he devoted himself to the West Lake water conservancy and the urban development and construction of Hangzhou. When he first arrived here, he found the West Lake overgrown with weeds. After requesting the approval of the Queen Mother Gao, he made great efforts to clean and repair the West Lake, giving the people of Hangzhou a natural and clean beauty. Here, together with his subordinate officials and ordinary people, he cleaned up the silt of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and purified the water flowing into the city center. He built two new reservoirs, replaced the previous bamboo pipes with ceramic pipes, dredged dirty salt water from the canal and introduced fresh water. In this way, ordinary people's domestic water is not only clean, but also light.
Since then, he has also built Su Causeway, Santanyi and a hospital. Today's Hangzhou, Su Causeway, has a bright future, peach blossoms are burning, and the three pools are as vivid as gourds. Anlefang has helped countless people get sick and reborn, and Su Dongpo has contributed a lot.
Today, nearly a thousand years have passed, and the people of Hangzhou in past dynasties still deeply miss Su Dongpo like their ancestors thousands of years ago.
However, such a politician who has made outstanding contributions to the establishment of history is just a straightforward temperament. He likes to write poems and articles, and he wants to express everything in words.
During Wang Anshi's tenure in Hangzhou, the political reform was still going on. Due to the implementation of the "Young Crop Law" and the malicious suppression by officials, many local people are miserable. Many people killed all the cows in order to pay taxes to the government. At that time, plowing cattle was the lifeblood of a family, but if you don't pay taxes, you will face jail and even life-threatening.
Every time Su Dongpo saw this, he was full of resentment and thinking, and wrote many sad poems reflecting the miserable life of ordinary people at that time. One of them is: "Selling cattle, paying taxes, tearing down houses and cooking are not as hungry as next year. Today, officials want money instead of rice, and West Wan Li recruits Qiang children. "
In addition, he also wrote many articles with fierce language, satirizing various officials, criticizing Wang Anshi, exposing the bad consequences of the policy of exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees to the people, which provoked Wang Anshi's great anger and regarded Su Dongpo as the main representative of the opposition, secretly instigating people to impeach him.
In the end, the reformists reached an agreement to jointly attack Su Dongpo. Su Dongpo was first demoted as the satrap of Hangzhou, then as a general judge, and then as a judge of Mizhou, Shandong.
After that, it was sent to Xuzhou and Huzhou for eight years.
To be continued …