In April, 20021year, I saw a similar topic in the project application of CQ city, and decided to do this research soon. I spent a day combing all kinds of theoretical research on this topic, forming a theoretical summary and forming my own understanding.
Innovation ecosystem was conceived in 1990s. Scholars at home and abroad have put forward their own understanding of innovation ecosystem from different angles, but there is no unified definition at present, and the research level involves countries, regions, industries, enterprises and other aspects.
The Human Development Report 200 1 quoted a magazine and put forward the concept of "global technological innovation center" and the evaluation index with innovative ecological characteristics, including four factors: "scientific research university", "important enterprise", "entrepreneurship" and "venture capital". In 2004, the term "innovation ecosystem" was formally put forward by the President's Council of Science and Technology Advisers (PCAST). Judy Estrin pointed out that the innovation ecosystem is mainly divided into three clusters: research, development and application, and the healthy balance among the three clusters determines the sustainability of the innovation ecosystem. Hui Xingjie, a domestic scholar, regards the innovation ecosystem as a complex system composed of a large number of interrelated, interactive and active subjects. Liu and others believe that the innovation ecosystem refers to the innovation network with the goal of "win-win" through the cooperation and integration of innovative resources in the ecology under the environment of promoting innovation realization.
Although there are differences in the generalization of innovation ecosystem among relevant research institutions and scholars at home and abroad, they basically reach a consensus on the characteristics of innovation ecosystem, including three points. First, it is dynamic. Technology, innovation subject and external environment are all changing. It is a dynamic evolutionary system. The second is stability. The basic conditions and environment of innovation are unevenly distributed, which is inevitably or accidentally triggered. Elements began to concentrate in a certain region, and the corresponding market, culture and system appeared. Geographical proximity makes innovation subjects and related institutions continuously gather and grow in technological innovation, knowledge sharing and spillovers, network collaboration and regional brand building, and finally evolve into a unique and difficult-to-replicate innovation ecology, showing relative stability. The third is self-organization. The innovation subject needs to adapt to the changes of the external environment, make the system exchange talents, information and funds with the external environment, and make the whole system self-organize from disorder to order, from low-level order to high-level order.
After combing, I summarize the innovation ecosystem into five aspects: First, the innovation foundation. Involved in science and technology foundation, industrial foundation, etc. The second is the ecology of industrial innovation. The third is the entrepreneurial ecology. The fourth is innovation and risk finance. Fifth, innovative culture refers to the ideals, values and beliefs of the group.