(1) Semi-colonial and semi-closed initial period: In terms of culture and education, the platform minister in the late Taiping Heavenly Kingdom proposed a new chapter to oppose superstition, set up schools, hospitals and charities, and prohibit human trafficking and opium smoking.
(2) Semi-colonial and semi-closed formation period: In the Westernization Movement, there were two main forms to train talents: running new schools and sending overseas students, which was the beginning of the modernization of education in China. During the Reform Movement of 1898, Kang Youwei founded a 10,000-acre thatched cottage in Guangzhou. Hunan Governor Chen Baozhen hired Liang Qichao as the chief lecturer of Changsha Wu Shi School. According to the law of reform, the Capital University Hall will be established, primary and secondary schools will be set up in various places to study Chinese and Western subjects, so as to abolish stereotyped writing, change examination strategies (China history, Qing Dynasty politics), offer specialized courses in economics (especially practical knowledge of saving the country), set up translation bookstores, newspapers and magazines, and select international students. (Abandoning stereotyped writing in running a school and staying in the library) (1905, the Qing government announced the formal abolition of the imperial examination)
(3) During the bourgeois-democratic revolution, the Nanjing Provisional Government stipulated in education that four books and five classics should not be read, and textbooks must conform to the purpose of the Republic of China.
(4) During the reign of Northern Warlords: Yuan Shikai set off a counter-current of respecting Confucius and restoring the ancients in the cultural field, and intellectuals with democratic ideas (bourgeois radicals) set off a new cultural movement.
(5) War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period: Japanese troops conducted slavery education in occupied areas. In terms of school education, in order to extend the years of primary school education, textbooks take "China-Japan friendship", "coexistence and common prosperity" and "New East Asian Order" as their basic ideas, and Japanese as a compulsory course. There is no map of China and the word "China" is not used. In social education, newspapers, books, radio and so on. Used for slavery propaganda and anti-communist propaganda.
(6) New period of socialist construction: 1977 Deng Xiaoping resumed work, calling for respecting knowledge and talents, convening a national scientific conference, reversing the "Left" policy towards intellectuals (such as "smelly Laojiu" and "reactionary academic authority"), and restoring the college entrance examination system abandoned during the Cultural Revolution. Now, "Nine-year Education" and "Project Hope" are improving the national quality of our country. "Rejuvenating the country through science and education" has become an important strategy to improve China's comprehensive national strength.
A summary of some laws of modern cultural education
1. China's cultural and educational system in ancient history is essentially to safeguard the interests of the ruling class.
2. We should treat China's important cultural and educational systems and thoughts in ancient times from a dialectical and developmental point of view. For example, dialectically treat the education of attaching importance to law from Qin State to Qin Dynasty; Another example is the development of imperial examination system from Sui Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3. The cultural and educational system in China's modern history is essentially the product of educational modernization (capitalism). These systems have strong characteristics of the times and class.
4. The people's education in New China has trained a large number of construction talents for the socialist cause in China. The "Cultural Revolution" brought serious damage to China's education. After the Cultural Revolution, China's education recovered its vitality. The strategy of "rejuvenating the country through science and education" has greatly promoted the sustainable development of education in China.
5. The cultural and educational system in the modern history of the world once had a disgraceful side that served the invasion and expansion; But after World War II, attaching importance to science, technology and education is the only way for people to become a strong country.