On June 5438+ 10, 2005, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Proposal on Formulating the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, which stated that "building a new socialist countryside is a major historical task in the process of China's modernization" and the 20-word policy for building a new socialist countryside is "production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management". I used the winter vacation to investigate the current situation of building a new socialist countryside in Guanhu Village, Guangwu Town, jieshou city, and formed this survey report.
Investigation scheme
1, the purpose and significance of the investigation
Investigate and study the current situation of building a new socialist countryside in my hometown, gain a deeper understanding of China's current national conditions and policies, and enhance my understanding of Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents.
2. Respondents
Guanhu Village, Guangwu Town, jieshou city, is located in the northwest of Anhui Province (at the border with Henan).
3. Methods and means of investigation
(1) survey method: field survey is the main method, supplemented by consulting the administrative department.
(2) Survey methods: In-depth interviews are the main methods, supplemented by questionnaires.
(3) Investigator: Liu, majoring in automation in Chongqing University, Grade 05.
(4) Survey schedule
Preparation stage: 65438+20071October1-65438+20071October 3 1, collecting data and designing questionnaires.
Investigation stage: from February/KLOC-0 to February 25, 2007, interviews and field trips.
Summary writing stage: February 26th-February 28th, 2007. Questionnaire analysis, data summary, report writing.
Description of the production, life, rural customs, village capacity and management of Guanhu Village.
Guanhu Village is one of the eight administrative villages in jieshou city/kloc-0, with a total of 196 households and 6 10 people, and the per capita annual income is about 2886 yuan. (Excerpted from Guangwu Town Statistics Bureau)
1, production
Guanhu Village is one of the few administrative villages in jieshou city with paved roads. Shechang Village, Jieshou River, has built a workshop for brewing, filling and finally packing. Solving the employment problem of part of the labor force in our village has also brought some vitality to the village economy. My village buys chemical fertilizer directly from Jieshou Chemical Fertilizer Factory, and the freight is cheap. However, most of our villages are families, and each farmer has five or six acres of land, even one or two acres. Land subdivision, small economic scale, unable to use mechanized planting, low efficiency. Some farmers in our village recycle plastics and then melt and reshape the waste plastics in their family workshops. This industry still exists today because it has made some contributions to the government's meager tax revenue. However, the environmental pollution caused should not be underestimated.
Step 2 live
Guanhu village lives in 18 administrative villages, which can be said to be above average. In the past, the simple earth house no longer exists, and the family property in the house has gradually changed. Vegetables in the garden can not only meet their own needs, but also be taken to the market for other things. About education. There is no school in the village, and the children have to go to school in the town five miles away. The school building is simple, so it is impossible to exempt students from tuition and fees every year. Otherwise, the salaries of the few old teachers and staff in the town will not be guaranteed. About medical care. There is only a simple infirmary in my village, and the medicine in it can only cope with the usual headache, brain fever, fever and cold. If someone is really sick, they are sent to the health center in the town. If the hospital can't cope, it will be sent directly to the county hospital.
3. Country style
Guanhu village, like other administrative villages, has no place to borrow books or videos. But in the past two years, Internet cafes and game halls have been open for two or three years, and business is not bad. At present, the phenomenon of feudal superstition among some villagers in our village is on the rise, and it tends to spread to young people. Because of mental emptiness and idleness, many people like big names besides watching TV on weekdays. Playing cards is easy to learn, suitable for all ages, unlimited time and place, weddings, funerals, holidays, holidays, sitting on the floor in groups of three or five can start a war. Small gambling has become the main pastime of some people after dinner, while family weddings and funerals have become a fashion that some people are scrambling to imitate.
4. Village capacity
A nest of gold and silver is not as good as one's own pigsty. Guanhu village has always maintained the traditional folk customs and people's feelings, and everyone in the village loves to come and say hello. Every household makes their home clean and beautiful. Especially when I was a child, the whole family cleaned up and the scene was warm and spectacular. Therefore, in our village, it is almost effortless for leaders to carry out the "five reforms and four constructions". This year, every household in the village raised 100 yuan, adding several street lamps to the village so that people who travel at night don't have to be in the dark. In other words, simple folk customs make the village clean and tidy.
Step 5 manage
I have lived in the village for more than ten years, so far I haven't seen the village Committee do anything. Only when my superiors come to check or collect some money can I see the shadows of those people. Farmers have three fears, one is afraid of collecting money, the other is afraid of coercion, and the third is afraid of tossing. Farmers don't ask what cadres they need to solve, but only ask cadres not to mess around. Democratic management is rare in our village.
Three, Guanhu Village to build a new socialist countryside status analysis
On the production development of guanhu village. First of all, I would like to express my strong indignation that plastic recycling, which is seriously polluted by policies, is left unchecked in the transformation. First, plastic recycling is reshaping. Because it is a family workshop operation, the equipment and technology are not enough, and the toxic and harmful substances are not removed at all. Second, the secondary industry is seriously polluted. As long as I smell that pungent smell, I know I'm not far from home, and I know I'm going back to Guanhu Village. Secondly, I personally don't have much hope for small wineries that are on the verge of bankruptcy. It set up a factory in our village, which solved the employment of some people. I am sure of this, but I don't think this enterprise has the ability to become the core force of our village's economic development. Finally, I want to say that Guanhu Village can make a difference in agricultural production. First, the traffic situation in our village is good. Why can agricultural products go out quickly? Second, our village is still in the low-end industry, and has not yet formed an all-round cooperative organization for the production, processing and packaging of agricultural products, with meager profits. So I think about the development of production, our village can try to take the road of rural cooperative organization and agricultural industrialization.
On the construction of well-off life in guanhu village. Compared with the past, it can be said that Guanhu Village has made great progress, at least now it can eat and wear warm clothes. However, the annual income of 2886 yuan per capita can only maintain daily expenses. Education expenditure accounts for about 70% of a farmer's total income. In our village, there are not a few people who are poor because of illness.
On the construction of rural civilization in Guanhu village. My village maintains good traditional customs. I am dissatisfied with the above-mentioned bad customs in rural areas, but I think it is commendable for villagers to see simple folk customs. In the countryside, there is no sophistication and desolation of the city, but there is family-like care and help. Back in the village, there is a warmth of home.
On the democratic construction of Guanhu village management. Since the abolition of agricultural tax, the normal operation of village committees depends on the support of the government at the next higher level. In this way, the contact between the village Committee and the villagers is naturally alienated. On the other hand, in our village, single-family small-scale peasant families have become the main body of social life. Most villagers pay attention to the external economic life, especially the younger generation, and pay little or no attention to this phenomenon. Even if it is a cause related to the well-being of the whole village, people often hitchhike, hoping that others will pay for themselves and get benefits.
Thirdly, the difficulties in building a new socialist countryside in Hucun are analyzed.
1, who will build a new socialist countryside?
June 5438 +2005 10, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward "Building a new socialist countryside", and in February 2006, the State Council issued & gt. But when I was in the village, I felt that the dominant farmers were "irrelevant" and "stand by" about this matter. I have carefully read the No.1 Document of the Central Committee, and I know that the Central Committee has proposed to build a new countryside, emphasizing the mobilization of farmers' enthusiasm and giving them tangible benefits. In other words, the construction of new countryside is a popular project oriented to farmers' needs, not an official project to cope with the above achievements. Therefore, farmers should play a major role in the construction.
But can the dominant position be established? Professor Zhang Xiaoshan, director of the Institute of Rural Development of China Academy of Social Sciences, said that our country
The vertical management system is implemented, and many special funds go down through the vertical management system. If the lower-level institutions are streamlined and abolished, the funds from above will lose the carrier, and the special funds will not be given to the lower levels. This is forcing subordinates to turn around their superiors. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve substantive results in comprehensive reform without reforming the national macro-system.
If the farmers' dominant position is truly established, the government will truly change from administrative to service-oriented Farmers must be developed.
Their own economic cooperation organization took over some corresponding functions for the sake of the government's withdrawal. Only when farmers are organized can they effectively build a new countryside, the new countryside can be sustained and the achievements of the new countryside construction can be consolidated.
2. How to take the road of cooperation?
My village has finely divided land, small economic scale, no organizational arrangement, low market competitiveness of villagers and low income. I think that the villagers in our village take the road of cooperation, which is not only the need to solve the "three rural issues" and build a new socialist countryside, but also the need to seek their own interests.
There were more than a dozen enterprises in jieshou city in the 1980s, and now they are all bankrupt, so the industrial base is very weak, and the ability of industry to feed agriculture and the ability of cities to drive rural areas is limited. In the economic development of Guanhu village, it is particularly important to speed up the construction of economic cooperation organizations and establish modern agriculture.
I think, first of all, the government should strive to promote and support the establishment of farmers' economic cooperation organizations. According to Xinhuanet, China's farmers' economic cooperation organizations have three ways of launching. First, farmers set up their own organizations; Second, relying on the relevant economic and technical departments of the government to guide farmers to set up or jointly set up; The third is to organize and guide farmers to set up large-scale agricultural products processing enterprises. For Guanhu village, the land owned by each villager is enough to solve the problem of eating and using. If it is not necessary, it is difficult for villagers to form cooperative organizations spontaneously. In addition, there are no large-scale agricultural products processing enterprises in our village. Therefore, only through the promotion of the government, to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to a certain extent, to cultivate farmers' cooperative experience and habits, can we speed up the process of cooperation.
As for how to push. I suggest that the government increase the project promotion and financial support for farmers' cooperative organizations in Guanhu Village, which is economically backward, and give preferential tax treatment to farmers' economic cooperative organizations. Secondly, if farmers' economic cooperation organizations want to operate well, it is necessary to standardize the distribution system of some cooperative organizations and establish a reasonable distribution system.
Benefit distribution relationship. I have a deep understanding of farmers' ideas. Farmers don't calculate according to their actual income, but compare their actions with others' income. They don't care how much they get or how much they lose. They only care that others can't get extra benefits from my actions in vain. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a distribution system from the perspective of promoting fairness and efficiency. In the cooperative organization, the concepts of distribution according to factors and distribution according to shares are determined, which not only ensures the income of capital investors, but also ensures the reasonable income of workers. Only by establishing a reasonable internal distribution system can cooperative organizations have "cohesion" for survival and development.
Thirdly, actively carry out business training, cultivate modern farmers and provide high-quality human capital for the development of rural cooperative economic organizations. The villagers in our village live a self-sufficient small-scale peasant life, and are accustomed to scattered small-scale production methods, traditional cooperation with blood ties, and modern cooperation with interests as ties. In rural areas, villagers' short-term interests, legal and credit awareness are weak, which makes them lack of compliance with cooperation rules. Therefore, it is necessary to instill a sense of cooperation in villagers and carry out cooperative education and training. Competitiveness is the level and ability of the development of the market economy cooperation organization, which mainly depends on the quality of the members of the cooperation organization. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the development of rural vocational education, improve the cultural and technical quality of members of cooperative economic organizations, and enhance the cooperative consciousness and subjective consciousness of members of organizations. Use a variety of channels to raise training funds and train organization members to help them quickly complete the transformation of modern agriculture with strong market competitiveness.
3. How to solve the problem of weakening the authority of the village committee?
After villagers' autonomy, village committee cadres play the contradictory roles of local agents of state power and representatives of village interests. With the reform of taxes and fees, the dual roles of village cadres conflict and their authority tends to weaken. First of all, it is reflected in the lack of public resources in villages, and many village committees are left with only an empty shelf. In the past, due to the collection of taxes and fees, the relationship between grass-roots governments and farmers was relatively close, and the frequency of township cadres going to the countryside was also high. After the reform of taxes and fees, grass-roots governments also lack the motivation to go to the countryside actively, and the functions of village committees also show a shrinking situation. Outstanding in how to raise funds for infrastructure and daily public management. Because village cadres basically rely on personal prestige in the local area to deal with these social affairs, once capital investment is involved, once village cadres lose their personal prestige, the result is that village cadres are unable to move, and village committees exist in name only.
Second, because village cadres are also members of the rural society, their behavior can only be recognized if they are integrated into the cultural network of the rural society. The behavior of some cadres who eat and drink, abuse power for personal gain, often becomes the moral attack point of farmers. Village cadres believe that eating and drinking is mainly to entertain superiors, which is a kind of cooperation, because the quality of entertainment will affect the inclination of various funds of township governments.
Whether it is or not. But for rural society, eating and drinking is obviously a rebellious behavior. The moral authority of cadres is questioned.
Third, the income of village cadres is low, personal enthusiasm is frustrated, and work delays are serious. It can be said that under the constraints of motivation, morality and resources, the legitimacy of the authority of the village Committee is challenged after the tax and fee reform.
I suggest that the country re-examine the current village governance model. I believe that even middle school teachers can think of the truth, and superior leaders should be more aware of the current situation, so I won't say much here.
4. How to strengthen the construction of rural civilization
It is necessary to guide villagers to get rid of uncivilized customs, change unhealthy habits, change backward concepts and ban unhealthy entertainment. Extensively carry out education on common sense of civilization and scientific lifestyle, get rid of all kinds of bad habits, enhance awareness of civilized life, and develop civilized behavior habits. For example, we should carry out activities of "changing customs, caring for the poor, and burying the poor", limit the scale of normal weddings and funerals, and expose and condemn the phenomenon of disrespecting the elderly and abusing them.
In the construction of rural civilization, strengthening management is an indispensable link, especially strengthening the construction of farmers' organizations, setting up red and white councils, moral councils, gambling associations and so on. Give full play to the positive role of these non-governmental organizations in rural harmony and stability.
Focusing on the outstanding problems of dirty, chaotic and poor environment, focusing on the creation of "five reforms and four constructions", we will further improve the appearance of villages and make the environment more sanitary.
Feeling after investigation:
After more than a month of social investigation, I realized that building a new socialist countryside is a great and long-term historical task. In the investigation, I visited rural teachers, government workers, villagers and villagers who returned from work, and observed the new rural construction from different perspectives, and deeply realized its long-term, arduous and complex nature. The construction of new countryside is by no means a one-off event. For example, for village cadres, working for the villagers can be a win-win situation, and they will not be unwilling to do things. The problem is that under the existing system, the villagers' personnel, finance, development costs, and who to develop them for are not solved by themselves, but are basically decided by their superiors (which is why I proposed government support when I suggested taking the road of cooperation). Each level is responsible to the next level, and the central government farthest from the masses is directly responsible to the masses. In this way, most of the energy and a small amount of resources of rural cadres are carried out around the assessment of superiors. I feel that not only village cadres are helpless, but also township cadres. They do have a heart to serve the people, but they have too little power and resources. Generally speaking, Guanhu village's economy is ok, and it won't be frozen and hungry, but there is still a long way to go to the new socialist countryside.
Appendix: In-depth interview
In February, 2007, in order to deeply understand the current situation of our village and investigate the difficulties in building a new socialist countryside at this stage, I took the opportunity of returning home during the winter vacation to visit the permanent villagers, villagers returning to work, village cadres and rural intellectuals in my hometown, and got a deeper understanding of our village from different angles.
1, visiting uncle villagers
Me: Uncle, do you think our village is comfortable now?
Villagers: Comfortable! Don't worry about eating and wearing now, it's much better than in the past! In addition, the national policy is good, and there is no need to pay taxes. Each family can plant one or two acres of land, which not only saves their own rations, but also earns two yuan. It's the Spring Festival, which one doesn't peel 18 thousand?
Me: Do we still charge in our village?
Villagers: It's not random collection! It costs a lot anyway. Like water, electricity, rent, insurance, fuel, education fund-raising, he doesn't pay IOUs now, he understands.
Me: What do you think of our current land policy?
Villagers: Contract responsibility system! Not bad! It would be better if the land contracting right remained unchanged for a long time!
Me: Uncle, do my brothers and sisters have to pay for school now?
Villager: Yes! As in other places, junior high schools and primary schools here have been charging fees. I can't help it, small place. It's good that someone else's teacher can come. Don't wronged others! There are not many flowers anyway! Unless the doll grows up and goes to college, that money is definitely not enough!
Me: What if someone at home is sick?
Villagers: Don't look at a minor illness to see a serious illness! Carry a minor illness if you can. We don't have a decent clinic here. Medicine is expensive, but there are too few varieties! I went to the county hospital when I was seriously ill.
Me: So it's better to live in the county?
Villager: That's right! The city has convenient transportation, high employment, good living conditions, high wages and good education! Nevertheless, I am free in the village. If you don't worry about money, our rural life will be more comfortable!
2. Visit rural intellectuals
Me: Hello, Teacher Yu! You see, it has been more than a year since the national new rural construction was put forward. Why is it still the same?
Y: Doing image engineering is better than other places! What a waste of money and money! Now that you have gone to college, you should understand that he can't successfully build a new countryside overnight. As far as the current national conditions are concerned, there are still many restrictive factors.
Me: What are the constraints?
Y: This is mentioned in several No.1 documents of the Central Committee! For example, the deep-seated contradictions that restrict the development of agriculture and rural areas have not been eliminated, and the development of agriculture and rural areas is still in a difficult climbing stage, and the trend of widening income and gaps between urban and rural areas has not fundamentally changed.
Me: Why are these phenomena? Tell me specifically!
Y: We are now building a new countryside under the existing economic, political and administrative management system in China. So many strange phenomena can be answered from some institutional disadvantages of the whole society. Because our country implements a vertical management system, many special funds are vertical, which forces subordinates to turn around their superiors. The whole system is the same. Therefore, without the reform of the national macro-system, it is difficult to achieve substantial results in comprehensive reform. In the past, the subscription of newspapers and periodicals in our village and the face-saving project of building a cultural room were not what we needed most. Many practical needs of villagers, such as road construction and drainage, are insufficient because of lack of money. Therefore, although the country has put forward the construction of new countryside, the system is still the same, and all kinds of strange phenomena will exist.
Me: That makes sense. How is the construction work in our village?
Y: Zhacun has no mountains, water and resources. To develop, we must twist the whole world into a rope, and Qi Xin will work together and take the road of cooperation! But the land is too scattered, and it is really too difficult to take modern agriculture.
(Note: Increase or decrease as appropriate)