1, Zhou Dunyi
Zhou Dunyi (10 1, June 2007-1July 073, 14), formerly known as Zhou Dunshi, was born in Maoshu, posthumous title and Tianbao (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province). He was one of the five sons of the Northern Song Dynasty, the founder, writer and philosopher of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty.
He is the author of Zhu Yuanzhang's Gong Ji, Ailian's Theory, Taiji Illustration and Shu Tong (later edited by Zhu Yuanzhang and Gong Ji). The basic concepts of Neo-Confucianism put forward by Zhou Dunyi, such as infinity, Tai Chi, yin and yang, five elements, movement, sincerity, no desire, hue, etc., have been repeatedly discussed and developed by later Neo-Confucianism scholars, and constitute an important content in the category system of Neo-Confucianism.
2. Zhang Zai
Zhang Zai (1020— 1077 65438+ February 6th) was born in Fengxiang County (now Hengqu Town, Meixian County, Shaanxi Province). One of the thinkers, educators and founders of Neo-Confucianism in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Song Shenzong died in Lintong in the tenth year of Xining (1077) at the age of 58. Known as Mr. Hengqu, he respected Zhang Zi, sealed a saint, and worshipped 38 people in the west of Confucius Temple. Together with Zhou Dunyi, Shao Yong, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, they are called "Five Sons of the Northern Song Dynasty".
His famous saying, "Make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, link the past with the future, and make the world peaceful", was called "four sentences in a horizontal canal" by contemporary philosopher Feng Youlan, and was praised through the ages because of its conciseness. He is the author of Zheng Meng and the Theory of Hengqu Art..
3, two-way
People from Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Henan (now Luoyang, Henan), also known as "Luo Xue", are closely related to "Guan Xue" created by Zhang Zai at the same time, and their Neo-Confucianism has a great influence on later generations. Zhu in the Southern Song Dynasty inherited and developed their theory. Their Neo-Confucianism thoughts are mainly found in the suicide note, anthology and Jing Shuo.
Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao both studied under Zhou Dunyi, both founders of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties. They are called "Cheng Er" by the world, and they are famous Neo-Confucianism and educators in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Cheng's psychological thought is rich and plays an important role in their ideological system, so it is called "the study of mind and body" or "the study of mind and nature" by later generations. Their highest philosophical category is "reason", which, as an absolute noumenon, derives everything in the universe; Their highest psychological category is "heart".
Extended data:
Zhou Dunyi is smart, studious and diligent in thinking. I like to get to the bottom of any question, and I won't stop until I understand it.
He will often ask Uncle Hengzhou (now Hengyang) some seemingly strange questions, such as how the stars in the sky come, why the sun rises and sets in the west, why the moon is full and short, why it is windy and rainy, and how everything on earth is formed.
For these questions raised by Zhou Dunyi, Zhou Fucheng always took pains to answer them one by one. Of course, Zhou Fucheng can't answer these questions clearly. On the one hand, it was limited by Zhou Fucheng's knowledge, on the other hand, it was also limited by the level of science and technology at that time. And Zhou Fucheng also likes the role of Zhou Dunyi very much.
With the growth of age, Zhou Dunyi's knowledge is also increasing and his study has made great progress. By the age of 12 or 13, Zhou Dunyi had finished reading Confucian classics such as The Four Books, The Book of Songs, The Book of Rites, The Spring and Autumn Annals, and some of them could be memorized. At the same time, Zhou Dunyi can write good articles, not only with novel ideas, but also with his own unique opinions.
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