1. etymology of China's educational concept

In China, it is generally believed that the concept of "education" first appeared in Mencius? In the dedication, the phrase "Educating talents in the world, having three pleasures". However, these two words had no definite meaning at that time, but only referred to "teaching" or "education" respectively. Xu Shen's Shuo Wen Jie Zi in the Eastern Han Dynasty is interpreted as "teaching, applying, and influencing": "educating, nurturing, and making it good". In the educational theory of China's ancient thinkers, the word "learning" accompanied with "teaching" was mostly used. In ancient times, "teaching" mainly refers to "teaching students to learn relevant knowledge", and "learning" mainly refers to "children learning relevant knowledge indoors". "Teaching" and "learning" only describe the same thing and activity from different angles, and "teaching" and "learning" are unified. Therefore, we take the etymology of "teaching" and "learning" as the etymology of "education" under the cultural background of China.

/kloc-at the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing government had to broaden people's wisdom and advocate learning to be an official. Some students studying in Japan translated the words "education" and "pedagogy" into Japanese to refer to the activities and theories of "promoting learning" at that time. From then on, the word "education" gradually replaced the traditional "teaching" and "learning" and became a basic concept of pedagogy in China. This is also a linguistic sign of China's educational modernization and the modern transformation of traditional pedagogy paradigm.

2. The etymology of the western concept of "education"

In the west, "education" is divided into English education, French education and German erziehung by Latin education, in which Latin e means "going out" and educare means "guiding".

It means to "draw out", which means to guide something hidden in people from a potential state to a realistic state through certain means.

(B) the definition of education

1. China's representative definition of "education"

(1) The Doctrine of the Mean: "Destiny is nature, truthfulness is Tao, and cultivation is teaching".

(2) Liang Qichao: "What is education? Education is to teach people to be human. –; Learn to be a modern person. People can't live or live boring if they are in poor health, so we should give them all kinds of exercise. Without a few housekeeping skills, you can't support yourself. You should give him all kinds of intellectual education. Although all other educational affairs are complicated, the purpose is always to learn to be a man. "

(3) Tao Xingzhi: "Life is education".

(4) Sun Xiting: "Education is the value limit of human development."

(5) Encyclopedia of China &; Middot Education Volume: "Education is a social phenomenon to cultivate people and a necessary means to transmit production experience and social life experience."

2. The representative definition of "education" in the West

(1) Plato: "What is education? Education is the training for later life, which can make people become kind and noble in behavior. "We can assert that education can not put knowledge into an empty mind, as if it can put vision into the eyes of the blind, as some people say." Education is a kind of "spiritual turn".

(2) Comenius: "We already know that the seeds of knowledge, virtue and piety are born in us, but the actual knowledge, virtue and piety are not given to us in this way. This should be obtained from prayer, education and action. ..... In fact, a person can only become a person after proper education. "

(3) Froebel: "Human education is to inspire and teach those self-awakened, thoughtful and rational creatures, consciously, consciously and perfectly express the inner law, that is, the spirit of God, and point out the ways and means to achieve this goal." "The purpose of education is to show loyalty to responsibility, purity and perfection, so it is a sacred life."

(4) Pestalozzi: "All human education is an art that promotes the development of natural nature in its own way." "Education means all-round development of people."

(5) Spencer: "From the biological aspect of education, education can be regarded as a process of perfecting the structure of an organism and making it suitable for biology." "Education is to prepare for the perfect life of future people."

(6) Dewey: "Education is life", "Education is growth" and "Education is the transformation of experience".

(7) Baglai: "We define social evolution as a gradual process of accumulating and refining human knowledge. In the broadest sense, education is the process of transmitting this knowledge, or education is the process of transmitting the part of the knowledge accumulated by human beings that has eternal and immortal value. "

(8) springer: "Education is a cultural process."

From the above definition, we can see that people have different views on the definition and methods of "education", which are not only due to differences in personal views, but also due to differences in cultural background, philosophical basis, class stance and the spirit of their respective specific times. Therefore, they are often reluctant to get a universally recognized definition of education. But it can also be seen that people generally define "education" from two different angles, one is the social angle and the other is the individual angle. The former emphasizes the influence of social factors on individual development, and regards "education" as a subsystem of the whole social system, allocating or undertaking certain social functions, such as political function, economic function and cultural function. The latter focuses on the satisfaction of individual psychological needs, the development of psychological quality and the formation of complete personality in the process of education. These two definitions reveal some essential attributes of music education activities from different aspects, which is of certain value to understanding education activities. However, these two definitions also have their own defects, and too much emphasis on one side often leads to neglect of the other side in reality. Therefore, when defining "education", we should give consideration to both social and personal aspects. As for how to express it specifically, it varies from person to person.

Hunting test and postgraduate entrance examination network

If you have questions about the postgraduate entrance examination, don't know how to summarize the contents of the postgraduate entrance examination center, and don't know the local policies for postgraduate entrance examination registration, click on the bottom to consult official website and get the review materials for free: /xl/