psychoanalysis school
Viewpoint: Psychoanalysis school was gradually formed by Freud's numerous summaries and years of accumulation of human morbid psychology in his lifelong psychiatric practice. It mainly focuses on psychoanalysis and treatment, and thus puts forward a new and unique explanation of human psychology and personality. The biggest feature of Freud's psychoanalytic theory is to emphasize the instinctive, erotic and natural side of human beings. It expounds the role of unconsciousness for the first time, affirms the role of irrational factors in behavior, and opens up a new field of subconscious research. It attaches importance to the study of personality and psychological application.
behaviourism
Viewpoint: The main viewpoint of behaviorism is that psychology should not study consciousness, but only behavior, and completely oppose behavior and consciousness. In terms of research methods, behaviorism advocates the use of objective experimental methods rather than introspection.
humanitarianism
Viewpoint: Humanism opposes the tendency to vulgarize and animalize people's psychology, the psychoanalysis school that only takes sick people as research objects and regards people as instinctive victims, and the behaviorism school that regards people as materialized objects. It advocates studying issues that are meaningful to human progress and caring about human values and dignity.
Cognitive theory and cognitive psychotherapy
Viewpoint: ABC theory of cognitive theory advocates taking cognition as the research object; Emphasize the role of reason and cognition; Emphasize "emotion follows reason" and "control emotion with reason". 1, put cognitive correction in the most prominent position; 2. Help visitors to recognize and reorganize: recognize and remove unreasonable beliefs, change unreasonable ways of thinking, and replace them with reasonable beliefs and ways of thinking. 1, which restores the state of people's consciousness and inner activities and regards people as rational people; 2. Pay attention to people's cognition and belief; 3. Understanding and handling the relationship between emotion and reason. 1, paying little attention to the relationship between consultation and visiting; 2. The tendency of valuable intervention.