In recent years, the masses have put forward many opinions and questions about the problems existing in China's urban construction, which has triggered the author's thinking about China's modern urban architectural design, environmental design and modern architectural education. Since the reform and opening up for more than 20 years, the level of architectural design education in China has been greatly improved. A large number of international students, experts and scholars go abroad to study, study and exchange. It can be said that they received the latest design education from western countries, contacted the most advanced design concepts from western countries, learned the latest design concepts and advanced technologies from western countries, and brought the excellent design education methods from western countries into the architectural design education system in China, thus cultivating a large number of architectural and environmental design talents. However, judging from the development of urban planning, architectural design and environmental design in China, there are still many unsatisfactory places. This gap is not only economic and technical, but also ideological and aesthetic awareness. First, there are different ideas. Human society has experienced the development process from witchcraft theology to philosophy and aesthetics. Philosophy has become the spiritual core of the development of human society, which fundamentally determines the development direction of a specific era, and also has a significant impact on the design thinking of a specific era. 1. Europe was ruled by religious thoughts in the early Middle Ages. The appearance of church buildings and squares is directly related to the religious beliefs of Europeans. The architectural modeling and decoration of the church permeated the political, economic, philosophical, aesthetic and humanistic thoughts of the society at that time. 2. In the ancient Greek era, the living environment urged the ancient Greeks to pay attention to the exploration of nature and experience the rationality, strength and physical beauty of human beings in the struggle with nature. After the Middle Ages, this thought continued, so the history of Europe developed in the constant exploration of nature and the constant change of society, and a large number of thinkers, philosophers and aestheticians, such as Socrates, Rousseau and Kant, were produced. This development has promoted the continuous progress of European civilization, and its aesthetic thought has had a great influence on art and design. For example, the traditional aesthetic concepts such as scale, form, order, proportion and harmony emphasized by ancient Greece are all reflected in European classical architectural design. From 65438 to 0908, the book Abstraction and Empathy written by Wollinger had a strong influence on the early abstract art, and the formation of Kandinsky's artistic theory, a famous modern abstract painter, was influenced by Wollinger's aesthetic thought. So early Europeans thought that art was a means to explore the outside world. With the emergence of European scientific thought, industrial civilization promoted the development of modern western philosophy and science, and gradually shifted from paying attention to the world of God to studying human scientific thought. The pursuit of truth in modern western countries is not to find out which way of life is the best and conforms to God's will, but to ask directly: "What is the universe?" "What is the earth?" "How did humans come into being?" "What is society?" This skeptical attitude of pursuing truth has promoted the rise of modern science and philosophy, such as chromatics, ergonomics, modern psychology, ecology, structural aesthetics and so on. The formation of these scientific ideas has greatly promoted the development of design. China has a history of 5,000 years of civilization development. In the agricultural era, China people's natural living environment is relatively superior. What bothers our ancestors most is not the intrusion of nature, but the vagaries of society. Many truths can only be understood in words, not in logic. Therefore, Confucianism has always been used by the ruling class as a tool to educate people, and the moralization and aestheticism of human nature have become the standard to measure people's ideological development. The thought of "harmony between man and nature" reflects the general characteristics of China's philosophy. China people generally adopt some traditional and vague ideological concepts in the field of ideological understanding, and combine the thinking mode of China people to create academic China mysticism. This academic theory of mysticism is all-encompassing, which integrates astronomy, geography, physics, chemistry, life science, human culture and spiritual culture into mysticism, and even takes the original myth concept as an explanation of some scientific understanding. The concept of "harmony between man and nature" has become an excuse for people to explain the contradiction between man and nature at some time, and this concept still plays a role in our social culture. In addition, due to the characteristics of the farming nation in China, the mainstream thinking mode of China people is to replace rationality and logic with intuition, experience, analogy and symbols, showing the characteristics of strong sensibility and weak rationality, as well as the fuzziness of China's philosophy and scientific concepts. Compared with Chinese and western social forms, the spirit of seeking truth is particularly prominent in western history. In China, "truth" is mainly the truth in the social and historical sense, rather than the truth and scientific truth that pay special attention to the natural material world. This traditional thought leads to people's lack of innovative spirit and subjective consciousness to explore scientific truth, resulting in conservative thinking and scientific backwardness. Up to now, the idea of "morality goes up, art goes down" still exists. Therefore, China's strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education is extremely important. Only with the progress of scientific thinking can science and technology develop. Only the development of science and technology can promote the improvement of design art level. 2. Differences in design culture There are great differences in social forms, religious beliefs and traditional cultures of different countries and nationalities. Therefore, the design culture of each country embodies its own characteristics. Nowadays, under the situation that urban construction in China is in the ascendant, our architectural design circles and architectural education circles should calm down and seriously think about how we should learn from the advanced achievements of the West. European countries have a long history and traditional culture, and the footprints of historical development can be found in their urban planning, architecture, painting, sculpture and handicrafts. Any design is closely related to a country's history, politics, culture, religion, regional characteristics and national characteristics. Every town in Europe, even the countryside, has different styles of churches built in different periods, such as Lombardy style, Gothic style, Romanesque style, Baroque style, pastoral style and so on. The appearance of churches is directly related to the religious beliefs of Europeans, and the appearance of churches with different styles in different periods is influenced by social ideology in different periods. The architectural modeling and decoration of different styles of churches are permeated with the imprint of social politics, economy, philosophy, aesthetics and humanistic thought at that time. The city square is a product of Europe, and the most famous square is St. Kyle Square, which Napoleon called "the world-famous living room". As can be seen from the buildings around the square, it was the center designed for holding religious ceremonies at that time. With the development of society, the square has gradually developed into the center of religious, political and trade activities. Most of the traditional squares in European towns were designed to meet the needs of political and religious activities at that time, but there were some exceptions, such as stanislas Square in Nancy. In modern times, with the development of society and cities, squares have become an important part of urban design. Judging from the existing squares in European countries, their square design emphasizes more functionality and humanized design. For example, Defarge Square in France, as a traffic distribution center, not only solves the traffic problem, but also gives people a good visual effect in the design of the surrounding environment. Everything in the world has its roots, and any great design is the product of society. Therefore, if China's urban construction and development do not consider China's national conditions and China's traditional culture, or even blindly learn from the West at the expense of destroying traditional culture, the final result will be the loss of China's characteristics. In this respect, China designers should learn from Japanese designers. It is the combination of unique traditional handicraft production and reasonable industrial system that makes Japanese construction industry pay attention to the development of new materials and methods and self-sustaining research work, which is unique in the world construction field. Third, the difference in the level of science and technology. The emergence of the industrial revolution has made human beings rethink their traditional concepts and lifestyles. This kind of thinking is manifested in the collision between traditional ideas and modernity. The result of the collision will inevitably lead to the change of design, resulting in the arts and crafts movement, art nouveau movement, decorative art movement, modernist design movement and so on. The appearance of these design movements reflects the re-understanding of design by human beings in the process of continuous technological progress, as well as the continuous updating and improvement of design ideas and concepts, making design a culture. The industrial revolution has promoted scientific and technological progress, which is most directly manifested in architectural design and construction, from the Crystal Palace in Britain, the Eiffel Tower in France, the Siegram Building in the United States, the Munich Olympic Stadium in Germany, to the National Grand Theatre and the new CCTV in China. From Wilder's viewpoint that "technology is an important factor to produce new culture", Gropius's viewpoint that architectural design should make full use of new materials, new structures and new technologies, Bauhaus's design principle of "art and technology are unified", to the idea that architecture in the field of modern architectural design should be ecological, energy-saving, intelligent and informational, we can all feel the impact and influence of scientific and technological progress on architectural design and design concepts. There is still a big gap between China's industrial manufacturing technology and that of western countries. Nowadays, the construction of buildings must rely on advanced technology, technology and materials to a great extent. For example, the modern popular steel structure architecture has broken the construction mode of traditional architecture, enriched the modeling form of architecture and given architects more creative imagination space. Without the guarantee of science and technology, it is impossible to build a modern building with a sense of the times, which has also been confirmed in other design fields.
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