After the establishment of Nanjing Temporary School in the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the bourgeois revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen made revolutionary changes in politics, economy and a series of reforms in culture and education. In education, the Ministry of Education was established on October 9th, 65438/KLOC-0, and Cai Yuanpei was appointed as the chief of education. Since then, the temporary education reform in Nanjing has begun. First, the education reform law was promulgated. On June 5438+091265438+10/9, the Interim Measures for General Education of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China was promulgated. Require textbooks to conform to the spirit of democracy and coexistence; It is stipulated to cancel the Bible study in primary schools; It is expressly stipulated that primary schools can be coeducated and graduation awards are cancelled; Pay attention to educating children about scientific knowledge and production knowledge. Second, a new educational purpose has been formulated. At the national temporary education conference held in July 19 12, Cai Yuanpei's new educational aim was discussed and adopted, that is, "moral education should be given priority to, supplemented by practical education and military education, and aesthetic education should be used to complete his moral education." Third, an educational management institution has been established. The Ministry of Education was established, the official system of the Ministry of Education was established, and the provincial and county education administrative systems were gradually established. Fourthly, the "educational system of abandoning children and despising ugliness" has been formulated. The academic system not only integrates the laws and regulations of various schools, but also further concretizes the reform measures in the Interim Measures. Fifth, the tasks and courses of various schools are stipulated. On the same day of the first year of 65438+ 10/9, the interim measures for general education were promulgated, and the interim curriculum standards for general education were also promulgated. After the "Temporary Education Conference" was held in July, school orders for primary schools, middle schools, universities, teachers' colleges and industries were successively promulgated, which further revised and supplemented the previous temporary measures. This series of temporary educational reforms in Nanjing is the first revolutionary reform of traditional education in the late Qing Dynasty and feudal dynasty after the bourgeoisie gained political power. The center of this change is to replace the feudal educational thought with "loyalty to the monarch" and "respect for Confucius" with the democratic and equal spirit of bourgeois education; The content of the course was enriched by the knowledge and technology of modern culture and science, and the feudal traditional course of "reading classics" was abolished, which led to the modernization of education in China, thus promoting the rapid development of education in the Republic of China.

However, education reform must be guaranteed by a stable political and economic system. When the leadership of the revolution is usurped, all educational changes will go up in smoke. Because the bourgeois revolutionaries lost their revolutionary vigilance politically, Yuan Shikai, an ambitious warlord, stole the revolutionary achievements, and the Revolution of 1911 failed, which made all temporary educational reform measures in Nanjing like a flash in the pan and feudal traditional education made a comeback. In addition, judging from the contents of these educational reforms, it also shows that bourgeois revolutionaries are inextricably linked with feudal educational thoughts, and there are also some incomplete and incomplete aspects in opposing feudal traditional education. It is this weakness in educational innovation that led to the collapse of educational reform with the loss of political power and the implementation of the retro education of Beiyang warlords.