Sparta was the largest agricultural city-state in ancient Greece. The only purpose of education is to train aristocratic members into strong fighters through strict military physical exercise. The contents of the training are mainly five competitions-running, jumping, wrestling, discus throwing and javelin throwing. At the same time, it also attaches importance to cultivating children's perseverance, perseverance and absolute obedience.

Women's education is a valuable part of Spartan education, which is related to the status of Spartan women in society. Sparta still retains the tradition that primitive tribes respect women. Girls are not isolated. They have received similar education and strict training at home since childhood, in order to defend their homes when they have children and men go out to war in the future.

The education of the Athenians broke through the Spartans' persistence in military training and moral education. At the same time, it also pays attention to the role of intellectual education and aesthetic education in the harmonious development of human beings, forming the earliest educational system with harmonious development of morality, intelligence, physique and beauty in the world. The educational model of "harmonious development" in Athens had a far-reaching influence on Aristotle and later western bourgeois progressive education thought.

The imperial period was a transitional period from the primitive society of ancient Rome to the slave society. Schools have not yet appeared, and family education is the main form of education. Fathers have absolute authority in the family and even have the right to decide the life and death of their children. Mothers play an important role in children's early education. After the age of seven, girls continue to learn housework from their mothers, while boys learn farming techniques, horseback riding, wrestling, swimming and using weapons from their fathers. The center of family education is moral education. Of course, I also have simple knowledge of reading, writing and arithmetic. The purpose is to train children to become qualified Roman citizens, be loyal to the country and prepare for real life in the future.

During the imperial period, the rulers made some changes in education: for the purpose of education, they trained obedient people and officials loyal to the empire; In the education system, the supervision and control of schools have been strengthened; In the post of teachers, the private selection and appointment system of teachers was changed to the national appointment system, which improved the treatment of teachers. .