/kloc-In the late 20th century, the development of biology, physiology, psychology and children's psychology provided favorable conditions for revealing the laws of preschool education, thus promoting the development of preschool education. The representatives of preschool education in the "New Education" movement, Italian educator Montessori and Belgian educator Crowley, put forward their own ideas and theories of preschool education through their research and experiments. Montessori put forward that preschool children go through various sensitive periods and it is easy to learn some knowledge and skills; Education mainly lies in providing an environment suitable for children's development and promoting self-development through children's free activities. She emphasized sensory education and designed a set of games and teaching materials. But her training method is mechanical and divorced from the real life of children. De Crowley also advocates providing a suitable environment for children, but he believes that children should be active in groups and learn in real life, "so that children can prepare for life in life." His education system is based on three processes: observation, association and expression (through activities, through oral language, writing and handwork). He also attached importance to and personally wrote some teaching games. Montessori, De Crowley and others promoted the development of preschool education. By the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, China began to pay attention to the establishment of preschool education institutions. Both Kang Youwei and Cai Yuanpei put forward the idea of public education for children. At the beginning of the 20th century, some kindergartens were established in various places. China's theory of preschool education and the implementation of kindergartens were first imitated from Japan, and later learned from Europe and America, which was greatly influenced by the church. At that time, some educators devoted themselves to researching and establishing preschool education suitable for China's national conditions. Among them, Chen Heqin founded Nanjing Gulou Kindergarten, and made an experimental study on the curriculum, teaching materials, teaching methods and equipment of the kindergarten. He is the author of Children's Psychological Research, Early Childhood Education and Family Education. At the same time, Tao Xingzhi founded rural and factory kindergartens, and published works such as "Declaration on Establishing Rural Kindergartens" and "New World of Kindergartens". Zhang Xuemen presided over Xiangshan Kindergarten Beiping Naive Normal School and published books such as Introduction to Kindergarten Education, New Naive Education, Kindergarten Curriculum and Kindergarten Organization Law. These works have taken the first step in establishing preschool education in China.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), preschool educators summed up the experience of preschool education in China, learned useful experience from foreign countries, and did a lot of work in educational practice and scientific research, further revealing the laws of preschool education scientifically. Some research achievements have been made in the organization of one-day education in kindergarten, life care and physical exercise for children, the cultivation of moral quality and behavior habits, the development of language and intelligence, the teaching methods of common sense, physical education, music, art design and calculation in kindergarten. Preschool education majors in normal universities and preschool normal schools have compiled textbooks for preschool education, which has promoted the development of preschool education. 1, overview:
Preschool education is the two disciplines under the first-level discipline of pedagogy. It mainly studies the physical and mental development and education of preschool children (0-6 years old or 7 years old), the professional quality and growth of preschool education service personnel, various forms of preschool education organizations and activities, and the development of preschool education in different regions. The science and technology innovation of preschool education in China was established in the 1920s and 1930s, and gradually took shape. In recent 20 years, a relatively complete theoretical system of preschool education has been formed.
2. Research direction:
The research direction of preschool education major mainly includes:
0 1 basic theory of preschool education
The development and educational application of preschool children
03 Preschool Education Policy and Management
Preschool education curriculum and teachers.
(Note: Major universities have different research directions, taking East China Normal University as an example)
3. Training objectives:
This major trains students to systematically master the basic theory and professional knowledge of preschool education, and master modern preschool education theory and scientific educational methods and technologies; Familiar with the history, present situation and development trend of preschool education research at home and abroad; Master a foreign language and have strong scientific research ability; Physical and mental health; Have the ability to engage in children's education, scientific research, training, management, media and rehabilitation training in various children's educational institutions, educational administration and scientific research departments, social media institutions and teacher training departments.
4, one's deceased father grind subjects:
(1)101ideological and political theory
②20 1 English 1
③720 Pedagogy Foundation
(Note: The examination subjects of major universities are different, taking East China Normal University as an example)
5. Other majors under similar disciplines: educational principles, curriculum and teaching theory, educational history, comparative education, higher education, adult education, vocational and technical education, special education and educational technology.
6. Curriculum: (Take Northeast Normal University as an example)
The compulsory courses of this subject mainly include: Marxist theory, basic foreign languages, introduction to the principles of modern pedagogy, research methods of educational science, topics on the history of educational thought at home and abroad, guidance of professional literature, research on basic theoretical issues of preschool education, research on psychological dynamics of preschool children, topics on preschool education courses, and research on preschool children's art education. Since the mid-20th century, with the continuous development of human society and the development of philosophy, anthropology, ecology, pedagogy, psychology and brain science, the theoretical basis of preschool education has been continuously enriched, and the theoretical and scientific level of preschool education has been continuously improved, and preschool education has entered a stage of development.
Under the background of pre-school education marketization, the demand of key kindergartens for teaching managers at the specialist level, as well as large kindergartens and pre-school education groups for professional principals and assistant principals is increasing day by day, and the employment prospects of students in this major are quite broad. In the next twenty years, this major will usher in the golden period of taking office, and the employment scope will be very broad. Cultivate talents with all-round moral, intellectual and physical development, systematic understanding of the basic theory of modern preschool education and high professional ability in kindergarten teaching, scientific research and management.