2. The doctoral program in Japan is a five-year program, which is divided into two years in the early stage and three years in the later stage. Japan's doctoral preparatory course is equivalent to a master's degree, which takes 2 years. In the postdoctoral stage, doctors need to study for three years and complete doctoral courses in Japanese universities. They have high research ability and profound basic knowledge necessary for a scientist to independently carry out research activities in the professional field.
3. There are 19 doctoral degrees awarded by the graduate school of Japanese universities: academic, literature, education, theology, sociology, law, political science, economics, business, management, science, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, health care, engineering, agronomy, veterinary medicine and aquaculture.