Situational teaching method, founded by Li Jilin, refers to a teaching method in which teachers purposefully introduce or create vivid and concrete scenes with certain emotional colors and images as the main body, so as to arouse students' certain attitude experience, thus helping students to understand textbooks and develop their psychological functions.
Teacher Li Jilin summarized the five elements of situational teaching to promote children's development as follows: "To cultivate interest as the premise and induce initiative; On the basis of guided observation, strengthen sensitivity; Pay attention to developing thinking and creativity; Stimulate emotion as the driving force and infiltrate education; Training language is used as a means to run through practicality. "
This law is based on the viewpoint that human cognition is the unity of conscious psychological activity and unconscious psychological activity, and the unity of rational activity and perceptual activity. It emphasizes that the development of personality should not only attach importance to intellectual activities, but also fully mobilize the potential of students' unconscious psychological activities through emotional training, so that they can study with a high degree of concentration and complete relaxation.
The basic steps of situational teaching method are: creating situations-participating in various activities-summarizing and transforming.
Creating scenes is to create vivid scenes according to the teaching objectives by means of life reproduction, physical demonstration, picture reproduction, music rendering, performance experience and language description, so as to arouse learning emotions.
Participating in various activities means that students actively engage in various intellectual activities and learn imperceptibly in a specific atmosphere by participating in games, singing, listening to music, performing, talking and operating activities.
Summary transformation refers to that teachers make students understand what they have learned through inspiration and summary, achieve the unity of emotion and reason, and turn the knowledge and experience they have learned into guidelines for guiding behavior.
In the process of exploration, aiming at the all-round development of children's personality, according to Marx's philosophical principle of the organic unity of human activities and environment, and drawing lessons from the theories of suggestion, empathy, role effect and psychological field in psychology (from Li Jilin's original words), the basic model of situational education is constructed.
(1) Broaden the educational space and pursue the overall benefits of education.
Situational education pays attention to the environmental optimization of children's growth, and emphasizes that school education is an open system, and it is necessary to expand the educational space and extend outward from the main field of education. Through diversified extracurricular education activities, thematic large-unit education activities and outdoor situational education activities, the school broadens the educational space and enriches the "educational source" to promote the development of children's physical and mental quality, so that children can be nourished and enlightened everywhere in the school, thus improving the overall efficiency of education. The pure, beautiful and intelligent family circumstances make the education that students receive at school not only not weakened and resisted, but supplemented and strengthened.
(2) Shorten the psychological distance and form the best emotional state.
Situational education shortens the psychological distance between children and teachers, classmates and teaching content through friendly interpersonal situations and vivid learning situations, and urges children to actively participate and participate in the best emotional state to obtain active development.
(1) Create interpersonal situations of love, help and happiness, and shorten the distance between educators, educatees and learners.
(2) Create a beautiful, interesting and intelligent teaching situation, and shorten the distance between teaching content and learners.
(C) the use of role effect, strengthen the subject consciousness
Situational education allows children to play a role in the specific situations that have been created according to the students' dominant position in educational and teaching activities. In addition to the role in the textbook, there are roughly three types of roles: (1) playing the desired role; (2) Play the role of fairy tales; (3) Play the role in reality. The transformation of roles makes students forget themselves from "playing a role" to "entering a role" and from "passive role" to "active role" in education and teaching.
(4) Pay attention to practice and innovation, and promote the all-round development of quality.
Situational education emphasizes "development and foundation" and "starting from the future and starting from the present", and carries out orderly and systematic practice. Children's actual operation, according to the nature and characteristics of education and teaching content, generally has the following three kinds:
(l) substantive field operation, so that students can step into life and face the society at an early age;
(2) Simulating similar operations, it is easy for children to have an epiphany by themselves;
(3) symbolic fun operation, through the role of emotions, adds "fun" to symbolic operation.
With the injection of modern consciousness, teachers are no longer just imparting knowledge in a general sense, but sowing, awakening and motivating-sowing the seeds of innovation, awakening the potential of innovation and inspiring the ambition of innovation. The cultivation of innovative ability in primary school classroom teaching is mainly to cultivate an innovative spirit, innovative desire and innovative thinking quality, so that it can initially experience the joy of innovation.
We can start from the following four aspects:
(1) in aesthetic pleasure, cultivate innovative soil and let thinking enter the best psychological state;
(2) In the harmonious relationship between teachers and students, activate the potential of innovation and let emotions ignite the spark of wisdom;
(3) in observation and imagination, broaden the space for innovation and let the mind have wings;
(4) In discipline training, cultivate solid practical ability and lay the necessary foundation for innovation.
The main function of situational teaching is to cultivate students' personality, improve students' autonomy and cooperation spirit through experience, and develop students' creative thinking and exploration spirit.