Analysis of Early Childhood Education from the Perspective of Psychology
We should attach great importance to children's mental health. Parents and teachers should correct their educational concepts, communicate with their children in an equal manner, and cultivate mental health education such as sound personality, healthy psychology, good social adaptability and good psychological defense methods.
Keywords psychology; Early childhood education; question
First, the causes of children's psychological disorders
1. The impact of lack of formal education
Children who have attended kindergarten are lively, cheerful, gregarious, disciplined and polite. But the children at home are too shy to meet people and it is difficult to adapt in a strange environment.
2. The influence of compulsory learning
Now some parents consciously let their children recite poems, dictionaries and maps. Some experts believe that children should not be trained in mechanical memory before the age of 3. A child's brain capacity is limited. Before the age of 3, we should focus on cultivating children's adaptability, language ability and imagination, rather than mechanical memory.
3. The influence of educational methods
For example, parents' connivance and obedience to children make children form bad characters such as pride, selfishness and willfulness; The other is to use educational means such as beating, cursing, scaring and shutting down. In particular, parents' contradictory parenting attitude will make children have psychological problems.
4. The influence of family atmosphere
The worse the family harmony, the worse the child's mental health. Discordant families or divorced parents make children feel at a loss or lose their proper caress, which is easy to form abnormal psychology such as inferiority complex, depression, eccentric personality and impatience.
Second, the practical principles of psychological education for children
1. Emotional support principle
The principle of emotional support means that teachers and children actively establish emotional connection of two-way acceptance and love in daily communication, and consciously infect children with positive emotions in the process of education to promote their psychological development.
2. Behavior reinforcement principle
The principle of behavior reinforcement means that in the process of psychological education for children, teachers should not only pay attention to passing on knowledge and ideas to children, but also pay attention to guiding and helping children to transfer their cognition and behavior learned in specific education or situations to wider daily life.
3. The principle of example
The principle of role model means that teachers provide role models for all children through their own behavior and children's behavior, which affects children's psychological development. Teachers must attach great importance to their own influence on children, from ideological concepts, value choices, psychological and behavioral characteristics to words and deeds, influencing children subtly.
4. The principle of random education
The principle of random education means that teachers seize the favorable opportunity to educate children at any time and place in daily life. In other words, it is to make full use of the accidental events and possible educational opportunities in children's daily life, activities and communication, and give play to their potential educational significance.
Third, the practical methods of child psychological education
1. Teacher guidance
When children enter kindergarten, teachers have the longest contact with them. Therefore, the teacher's appearance characteristics, clothing habits, personality characteristics and manners will have a subtle influence on children's psychology. At the same time, through contact with children, teachers can also find children's psychological and behavioral problems in time and give corresponding help and guidance.
2. Peer games
Good peer relationship not only helps to form excellent psychological qualities such as cooperation, humility, friendliness and sharing, but also helps to promote the socialization process of children. Through peer games, children can not only establish good peer relations, experience and share the fun of peer cooperation, but also cultivate collective consciousness, independent consciousness and good psychological quality of respecting others through competition.
3. Parent-child activities
After children go to kindergarten, because the contact time between parents and children is relatively reduced, the parent-child relationship begins to change subtly, and children are prone to various problems. Appropriate parent-child activities in kindergartens or families can not only prevent the above problems, but also enhance the emotional communication between parents and children and promote the healthy psychological development of children.
4. Thematic activities
With the growth of children's age, children's curiosity and thirst for knowledge have also begun to stand out. The environment and facilities in kindergartens are sometimes not enough to meet children's inquiry needs in all aspects. Theme activities can not only strengthen the links among kindergartens, families and communities, but also create excellent conditions for children to broaden their horizons, cultivate their interests and temper their will. Kindergarten psychological education is similar to other educational fields, but it is more unique. Therefore, children's psychological education can use some special educational methods besides general educational methods.
First, empathy training method. Empathy refers to the understanding and sharing of another person's emotional experience in a special situation. Empathy training method, that is, through stories, situational performances and other forms, enables children to understand and share other people's emotional experiences, resonate with others' psychology, and thus promote their own psychological development. Empathy training is a very important educational method for children's psychological education. Through training, let children know and understand the emotional state of others, and let children experience the current emotions of others from the perspective of others, that is, emotional transposition, in order to achieve the purpose of empathy. In empathy training, children are involved in the process of caring for the special reaction of the understood object by letting them imagine the performance and actually act on the behavior of the understood object. The main ways are telling stories, continuing stories, situational performances and games.
Second, the behavior practice method. Behavioral exercise means that children can practice specific psychology repeatedly after completing the process of psychological cognition, deepen understanding, strengthen psychological cognition and finally internalize children's psychological characteristics. For example, in the process of education to improve children's persistence, teachers should guide children to know that things should be done from the beginning to the end, and conduct behavior training repeatedly through various activities such as jigsaw puzzles, inserting grains, fishing, playing chess, etc., so as to consolidate and strengthen children's persistence behavior and ultimately improve children's persistence.
Third, discuss the identification method. Discussion and evaluation method, that is, let children participate in psychological education evaluation, ask questions for children, guide children to express their opinions, and finally let children draw their own conclusions based on discussion and evaluation. This method can effectively help children express their true thoughts, encourage children to evaluate the psychological and behavioral characteristics of others, and thus improve their ability to distinguish right from wrong.
Fourth, observation learning method. Observational learning method refers to changing children's behavior by observing the exemplary role of demonstrators. When children see other people's behaviors being rewarded and praised, they will enhance their psychological tendency to produce such behaviors. On the other hand, if you see that other people's behavior is punished, it will inhibit or weaken the tendency to issue such behavior. It is worth noting that the model of children's imitation should be measured and selected from children's psychological characteristics and the purpose of psychological education.
summary
In the process of psychological education, teachers must attach importance to the interaction between children's individualization and socialization, and promote children's personality development through various individual education measures. Teachers should fully respect and trust children in educational activities, follow the principle of permeability in educational activities, and combine cognitive education with behavior training to adapt to children's development characteristics and laws.
refer to
Zhang Lisha. On children's mental health education [J]. Health education in China.2001(03)
[2] Zhang Xue. Attach importance to children's psychological education. Visit China. Professor Shen, Ph.D. supervisor of psychology department of Nanjing Normal University, is an expert in psychotherapy for children studying in the United States [J]. Education Guide. 2002 (04)
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