(1) Adaptation to life and environment. For most freshmen, going to college is the first time to stay away from their parents and come to a strange environment. Whether the daily life can be arranged reasonably and effectively is an important part of life adaptation.

(2) Interpersonal adaptation. Before entering university, many people didn't really live a collective life and didn't have to deal with interpersonal problems.

(3) learn to adapt. The adaptability of learning is mainly manifested in three aspects: the inadaptability of learning motivation, the inadaptability of learning ability and the inadaptability of education and teaching mode.

(4) Adaptive. The problem of self-adaptation is mainly manifested in unclear self-cognition and objective self-cognition. Freshmen are in a critical period of self-identity, and their self-awareness is gradually enhanced. However, due to the lack of life experience, they are often unable to objectively evaluate themselves, and are prone to problems such as the disconnection between ideal and reality and the unclear goal of self-development.

First psychological preparation: It's time to learn to walk alone.

Every child admitted to college has gone through every stage of kindergarten, primary school and middle school, but before that, we were accompanied by our parents and teachers. College life is completely different from the previous state. We are far away from our parents, perhaps without their nagging, but also without the delicious food and neat clothes they prepared for you. The teacher no longer pays attention to you and reminds you all the time. Live and study as you wish. In this case, if you can't integrate into the new environment well, there will be "adaptation obstacles", so now you need to be mentally prepared to "learn to walk alone". Walking alone means that although I am worried about my parents, I am not deterred by this worry, but I am grateful to pack my bags and go on the road; Walking alone means learning to undertake and plan, learn to undertake your own trifles, learn to live independently, learn to plan your study and future, and learn to learn; Walking alone means being a healthy person with independent personality. You will not belittle yourself and become inferior because others don't accept it, nor will you be proud because others like it, so walking alone is not lonely.

The second psychological preparation: adjust the gap between ideal and reality.

Everyone is always full of fantasy and longing for the future, so many freshmen will feel more or less disappointed with the university environment when they first enter school. This is because before going to college, everyone has idealized the university campus. When we step into the campus, we find that the campus is not as big as we thought, there are not enough books in the library, the classrooms are not beautiful, the dormitory is in tatters, the internet speed is slow, and the teachers lack wisdom and humor ... In fact, no environment is perfect. Maybe we can find the difference between our school from another angle: the small campus saves the cost of buying transportation, there are not many books in the library but enough to read, and the old dormitory building shows a long history. In fact, what the school looks like is an existing reality. The reality is objective and will not change because of us. Only we can change it. Therefore, on the one hand, we can change our mentality, on the other hand, if we have the conditions, we can learn about the schools we have attended through various channels, or we can go to the schools as a whole first, so as to be closer to the facts and narrow the gap between reality and ideals.

The third psychological preparation: learn to learn.

I meet some classmates every year. They are confused about college study and feel that everything is in vain. In fact, compared with middle school, college students' learning is different in purpose, content, method and environment. For example, without the supervision of parents and teachers, teachers no longer chase students, but ask students to take the initiative to consult teachers; A lot of time needs to be arranged by yourself, not occupied by teachers; We should learn research-based learning, be good at finding problems, be good at asking questions, and so on. But the most fundamental difference is that university study emphasizes the cultivation of students' learning ability. You should change from passive to active. Learning is not just reading textbooks in class, discussing with teachers and classmates, reading books, listening to academic lectures, etc. It's all about learning. The key is whether you can make full use of these special resources on campus and integrate the knowledge you have learned well. Many freshmen may feel that after studying hard for ten years, they finally went to college, and their goals have been achieved, so they should relax completely. Some students with poor self-control, because they are far away from their families, do not have any exhortations and constraints, and play all day, do not go to class, do not study by themselves, and just wait for the exam to sharpen their swords. The consequence of this is often that they run a red light in the exam, and then they can't help wasting time and affecting graduation. Some people have even been dismissed because of too many failed courses, and years of hard work have gone down the drain. In order to make your college life more meaningful and free yourself from confusion, you should make a plan for yourself. Set some basic goals during college and make an overall plan for your study time in recent years, such as when to take the English grade certificate, what professional skills to master, and what kind of qualification certificate to get before graduation. With the goal, I won't be confused and bored, and I can constantly increase my confidence in the process of striving for the goal. Someone asked me how to improve my self-confidence, which is all contributing to the improvement of my self-confidence.

The fourth psychological preparation: get along well with others.

University is not just learning, it is a microcosm of a small society, where we need to master a lot of knowledge beyond learning, the most important of which is how to communicate with people around us. If you are in a benign interpersonal relationship, you may be happy and meaningful every day. If you are in vicious interaction mode, you want to escape from that dormitory, classroom or even school every day. This result is not entirely our personal responsibility. A big difference between universities and middle schools is that students are highly "heterogeneous". Although we came from different families in middle school, most of us came from the same city or even the same district, while college students came from all corners of the country. Regional differences bring cultural differences, even differences in values, and we often have different views on different things. Therefore, the conflict between classmates is not only a personal "quality" problem, but also a cultural conflict and a personality conflict. Therefore, learning to get along with classmates in college and handling contradictions and conflicts between classmates will undoubtedly be beneficial to entering the society in the future.

How to get along well with others? There are many skills to get along with others, but the most important thing is to remember the golden rule of interpersonal communication: treat the people around you with the mentality and behavior you expect others to treat you. In doing so, we are actually learning to pay, and your pay will always be rewarded. You should understand the law of conservation of energy, so that people around you will find that you are friendly and not afraid of losing. Others are willing to associate with people who are not afraid of losing. At some point, when you need help, your friend will reach out and respond to you.

Advice to schools

(1) Strengthen the education of freshmen. In order to strengthen the entrance education for freshmen, the school should set up a special entrance education association for freshmen, with special staff responsible for this work, and formulate the standards and detailed rules for the entrance education for freshmen. The Association of Freshmen's Entrance Education should regularly give lectures on freshmen's entrance education, timely and moderately carry out class group counseling and mental health tests, find out the psychological problems of freshmen in time, and give correct guidance and education. In addition, we should vigorously introduce advanced entrance education experience from other universities at home and abroad to guide students to adapt to college life as soon as possible.

(B) to carry out a variety of campus activities. Carry out a variety of campus activities, such as cultural activities, social activities, knowledge contests, speech contests, etc. Let both old and new students participate, increase the opportunities for communication between old and new students, enrich freshmen's after-school life, let freshmen integrate into a beautiful and harmonious campus life more quickly, and establish a new campus communication network as soon as possible.

(3) Play the role of demonstration and interaction of peers. Select a group of outstanding students with high ideological and moral quality, excellent study and strong comprehensive ability from senior students, and set a visible example for freshmen in study, life and emotion through advanced deeds report meeting, theme class meeting and experience exchange meeting. Through the demonstration and interaction of peer role models, we can solve the practical difficulties encountered by freshmen in life and promote freshmen to adapt to college life as soon as possible.

(D) Smooth communication channels to help freshmen get out of the psychological adaptation dilemma. In the digital age, school psychological counseling centers should make full use of modern means such as QQ, Weibo, WeChat, Easy Letter and Fetion. Actively publicize mental health knowledge, interact with students through these network forms, find out the problems existing in students in time, give correct guidance, and help freshmen get out of the psychological adaptation dilemma as soon as possible and spend the psychological adaptation period.

Common psychological adaptation problems of freshmen and their adjustment methods

First, the changes faced by freshmen in their adaptation period

(A) changes in the living environment

When I was in middle school, I could rely on my parents to take care of myself in college, from living alone in the past to living in groups now. At the same time, eating habits and schedules will also change.

(B) changes in the learning environment

College teaching is completely different from high school. In high school, teachers revolve around students, and students are always guided by teachers and urged by parents. It's different in college. The university takes "learning" as the center, and the time teachers spend with you will be greatly reduced. Therefore, learning mainly depends on students' conscious learning.

(C) changes in the interpersonal environment

Entering the university, we have a wider range of friends, and all kinds of social and interpersonal relationships need us to deal with. At the same time, universities require higher interpersonal skills, which requires us to establish new interpersonal relationships.

Changes in the economic environment

After going to college, we can spend pocket money and living expenses more freely. Some students will overspend, overspend, follow the fashion, and stress ostentation and extravagance, resulting in serious overspending.

Second, data.

Due to the change of environment, the role will change. Including learning role, life role and interpersonal role. In the face of so many changes, we found from the data of previous years that about 15% students have some psychological adaptation difficulties every year.

From these data, we can also see that if you have the above psychological symptoms after entering the university, it doesn't matter, you are not the only one. At least 15 freshmen have had similar experiences with you. You can try to adjust yourself. If it still can't be solved, it is your wise choice to seek help from the psychological counseling center of our school as soon as possible.

Third, several common psychological puzzles of freshmen

1. Intermittent psychology: After three years of hard study, the physical and mental energy is overdrawn, and college students are almost exhausted after entering school. A considerable number of students have developed a feeling of weariness. Due to the release of psychological tension system, there is no motivation for learning and no motivation for behavior. There is always a kind of psychology to catch my breath and rest my feet. Some students may be addicted to the Internet or other bad habits.

2, vacant psychology: everyone's goal in middle school is very clear, that is, everything around the college entrance examination. After entering the university, the new life goal has not been established, and there has been a loss of goal and an ideal vacuum. Because of the confusion of goals, people often lack a sense of direction and are at a loss, and the management of colleges and universities is not as direct and strict as that of middle schools. Many freshmen don't know what they should do and do well, and they are not good at arranging their lives and studies independently, which leads to strong anxiety, loss and boredom.

3. Inferiority: from parents' "paying attention to protecting animals" to "no one understands"; From the "core figure" in learning to "no longer outstanding" in learning; The reshuffle of interpersonal relationship from "stars holding the moon" to "no friends" has caused a huge psychological gap, which has induced a sense of inferiority.

4. Lost psychology: Some freshmen imagine college life too romantic, mysterious and colorful before entering school. The high expectation is in great contrast with the real life of the university, which leads to the emotional fluctuation and loss of some freshmen.

Nostalgia: Due to the rapid changes in lifestyle, habits and environment, staying away from home, relatives and friends is undoubtedly a great challenge for students who lack self-care ability and interpersonal skills.

Fourth, freshmen need to master the methods of psychological adjustment.

(a) Adapting to the environment

Natural environment: campus environment and off-campus environment.

Interpersonal environment: classmate relationship, teacher-student relationship

Language environment: can speak Mandarin and communicate with others.

Interpersonal adaptation

1, three treasures of interpersonal relationship

The first treasure-smile the second treasure-praise the third treasure-listen

2, interpersonal gold platinum rule:

Golden Rule: Treat others as you want them to treat you.

Platinum rule: understand the needs of others and give them appropriately.

3. Location awareness method

(1) Think of yourself as someone else-empathy

When you are sad, pull away from the pain, treat yourself as someone else, and let your psychological position be farther away and closer, and the pain will naturally be alleviated;

(2) treat others as yourself-treat them equally.

In this way, we can truly sympathize with others' misfortunes, put ourselves in others' shoes and give them appropriate help when they need it;

(3) treat others as others-keep your distance.

To fully respect everyone's independence, no two people's life experiences are exactly the same, so no two people's beliefs and values are the same, no two people's views on the same thing can be absolutely consistent, and no two people's reactions to the same thing will be the same. Everyone's mind map is different, and under no circumstances can you infringe on the core territory of others;

(4) Think of yourself as yourself-self-satisfaction

I am very important! Only by self-satisfaction and self-realization can we serve others better!

(3) Learning to adapt

1, establish life goals

Harvard University has a very famous follow-up survey on the impact of goals on life. Come back to see the people under investigation in 25 years.

3% people with clear long-term goals: they become top successful people in all walks of life.

10% people with clear but short-term goals: to become professionals in all walks of life.

60% people with vague goals: they can live a stable life, but they have not made any special achievements.

27% people without goals: life is unsatisfactory and they are often unemployed.

2. Identify with your school and major.

In addition to "choose what you love", try "love what you choose". Many students often complain or regret that they chose the wrong school and major when they entered school, so that they were unhappy in college for four years, lacking interest in their major and motivation to learn. It is not easy to transfer to another school or major, so I don't want to face my major with interest as an excuse, neglect my studies and waste four or five years in vain.

So first of all, we should try our best to learn this major well and gradually cultivate our interest in this major during the learning process. In addition, there may be many different fields in a major, and maybe you will be interested in a certain field in the major. Nowadays, many majors have developed interdisciplinary subjects, and the combination of the two majors is often a new growth point. So as long as you contact more and try more, you will meet the direction you are really interested in.

3. Adapt to the learning environment and make full use of resources.

(1) Extracurricular study-determined to stick to it.

(2) Elective courses-choose what I love and love what I choose.

(3) Adjust learning methods

Cultivate the ability of self-study-be good at drawing inferences from others and learn to learn from others.

Economic adaptation

Financial experts gave three suggestions:

1, money should be spent on the blade;

2. Learn to keep accounts and prepare budgets;

3. Abide by certain principles of life consumption (students should eat balanced nutrition, dress well, live a simple and practical life, save money and be convenient).

(5) Adaptation of mentality

After entering the university, every student may have maladjustment in the face of new changes in life and environment, which is an indispensable experience in the process of growing up. Most people will gradually grow up and mature in the face of difficulties, overcome their troubles and adjust their mentality, but a few people will fall into pain and struggle.

● Learn to help yourself.

Maybe we can't change the environment, but we can change our mood;

Maybe we can't avoid setbacks, but we can choose to face them with a smile;

Maybe we can't reverse our fate, but we can make ourselves happier.

● Learn to ask for help

Establish a formal social support system: professional tutors, college leaders and teachers of college students' mental health education and consultation center.

Establish an informal social support system: family, friends, classmates and teachers.

I look forward to your first university entrance.

I hope you can learn the "three selves" in college-self-management, self-service and self-education. Your life needs your responsibility! When you leave college, as long as you do this, your greatest achievement is that "you can have confidence and desire for everything". You can be a potential, thoughtful, valuable and promising talent.