The Department of Educational Science and Technology offers two undergraduate majors: educational technology and primary education. There are four teaching and research sections in the department: educational technology teaching and research section, pedagogy teaching and research section, psychology teaching and research section, teachers' vocational skills teaching and research section and modern educational technology experiment center. There are experimental and practical teaching places such as digital media editing laboratory, electro-acoustic media laboratory, computer multimedia laboratory, image media laboratory, microteaching room, closed-circuit television broadcast control room, TV studio and recording studio.
In recent years, the Department of Educational Science and Technology has undertaken more than 30 teaching, scientific research and projects while completing the teaching and teaching tasks of normal education, psychology and other majors in the whole school.
Modern educational technology The theory and technology of information technology with computer as the core in education and teaching, using modern educational theory and technology, through the design, development, application, management and evaluation of teaching process and resources, realize the theory and practice of teaching modernization.
The Origin of Modern Educational Technology
The development of modern educational technology in China began in the 1920s, which is called audio-visual education. At that time, slides, movies and other media used in audio-visual education activities, compared with the initial oral knowledge and later printed media, were used in teaching, and their communication mode jumped a big step, belonging to the category of modern educational technology, but it was not a complete modern educational technology, but only the initial stage of the development of modern educational technology.
Concept of modern educational technology
The difference between the names of modern educational technology and educational technology lies in the addition of the word "modern" to modern educational technology. To understand its concept, we must first understand the meaning of "modernity". The Chinese interpretation of "modern" is: modern times. There are two kinds of English explanations: one is "Modern", which translates as: (1) modern, modern; (2) Modern, new, modern and fashionable. The second is "contemporary", which translates as: (1) occurs and exists; Existing or produced at the same time; (2) simultaneous; (3) coexistence from beginning to end; Originated from the same era; (4) Contemporary or as if contemporary, present. It can be seen that due to the different understanding of the word "modern", the understanding of modern educational technology is also different, which can be summarized into two main types: one refers to emerging educational technology, which corresponds to traditional educational technology, and this understanding emphasizes innovation in tradition; The other refers to the educational technology being used now, including traditional educational technology and emerging educational technology. Because the scope of the second formulation is wider than the first one, this paper calls the first formulation a narrow understanding and the second formulation a broad understanding. Are we referring to modern educational technology in a broad sense or in a narrow sense? In this regard, China experts made the following explanation:
Interpretation 1: Modern educational technology is a system of modern educational means and methods that apply modern educational theory to education and teaching practice. Including the following aspects: (1) Modern technical means applied in education and teaching, namely modern educational media;
(2) the method of using modern educational media to carry out educational and teaching activities, that is, media teaching method;
(3) The systematic method of optimizing the education and teaching process, namely, teaching design.
Explanation 2: Educational technology covers a wide range, including almost all aspects of the education system. Modern educational technology only involves the contents related to modern educational media, modern educational theory and modern scientific methodology, such as information theory, system theory and cybernetics.
Explanation 3: Modern educational technology pays more attention to the topics related to modern science and technology than educational technology in general. Specifically, the learning resources it pays attention to are the information, transmission, processing means and cognitive tools that came out in the last twenty years, such as advanced electroacoustic, television, computer systems and their teaching software, and the development and utilization of these systems can not be separated from the guidance of modern scientific methods-information theory, cybernetics and system theory.
Explanation 4: The so-called modern educational technology is an educational technology based on modern educational ideas, theories and methods, guided by the viewpoint of system theory, and by means of modern information technology (at present, modern information technology mainly refers to computer technology, digital audio-visual technology, electronic communication technology, network technology, satellite broadcasting technology, remote communication technology, artificial intelligence technology, virtual reality simulation technology, multimedia technology and information superhighway). It is a comprehensive embodiment of modern teaching design, modern teaching media and modern media teaching methods. It aims to optimize the teaching process, teaching resources, teaching effect and teaching benefit.
Interpretation 5: The so-called modern educational technology refers to the theory and practice of using modern educational theory and modern information technology to realize teaching optimization through the design, development, utilization, evaluation and management of teaching and learning processes and teaching resources.
Although the above five explanations have different expressions, they all emphasize the optimization of education and teaching by using new technologies. Interpretation 1 and 2 are generally based on the interpretation of the concept of audio-visual education, that is, modern educational media refers to electronic technology media, indicating that they interpret "modernity" from a narrow perspective; The third and fourth explanations clearly point out that modern educational technology focuses on new technologies that have emerged in recent decades; The fifth explanation is put forward as the definition of modern educational technology, but it does not give more explanations to modern information technology. However, Professor Li Kedong pointed out in the 1998 special lecture on "Basic Theory Research of Educational Technology" for graduate students in the Department of Audio-visual Education of South China Normal University that the application of modern information technology in education includes:
(1) analog audio-visual technology; (2) Digital audio-visual technology; (3) satellite radio and television technology; (4) Computer multimedia technology; (5) artificial intelligence technology; (6) Internet communication technology; (7) Virtual reality simulation technology. It can be seen that explanation 5 still focuses on the application of new technologies.
[Edit this paragraph] The concept of educational technology
There are two exact definitions of educational technology, which are quoted in various documents: one is the Dictionary of Education 1990 published by Shanghai Education Publishing House, which defines educational technology as "the sum of all technical means adopted by human beings in educational activities, including materialized technology and intelligent technology." The other is the definition issued by AECT) 1994: "Education (teaching) technology is the theory and practice of designing, developing, applying, managing and evaluating learning process and learning resources." Summarizing these two authoritative definitions, we can understand the connotation of educational technology from three aspects:
(1) Educational technology is a variety of materialized means used in the educational process. From the most basic blackboard, chalk, text teaching materials, teaching AIDS, projectors, slide projectors, televisions, wired and wireless public address systems, video display tables to multimedia computers; CAW closed-circuit television teaching network system and computer bidirectional transmission interactive network system are both hardware components of educational technology.
(2) Educational technology is a carefully selected and reasonably organized learning textbook. These learning materials should not only meet the needs of society and students' personal learning, but also conform to the cognitive laws and be suitable for students' learning. This is a software component of educational technology.
(3) Educational technology is also a method to design, implement and evaluate the teaching process. Such as Comenius' intuitive teaching method, Herbart's four-stage teaching method and the heuristic teaching method advocated by Confucius, an ancient educator in China. This is also an integral part of educational technology.
Therefore, the system composed of hardware, software and teaching methods is a complete concept of educational technology. In other words, educational technology is a system composed of teaching hardware, software and teaching methods.
[Edit this paragraph] Two characteristics of modern educational technology
(1) Modern educational technology is mainly based on information technology, that is, the system covering information technology composed of educational technology means is called modern educational technology. The process of education and teaching is essentially the process of information generation, selection, storage, transmission, conversion and distribution, and information technology refers to the application of various advanced technologies used in the above-mentioned series of processes, including microelectronics technology, multimedia technology, computer technology, computer network technology and remote communication technology. Introducing these technologies into education and teaching can greatly improve the information processing ability, that is, greatly improve the efficiency of teaching and learning. The rapid development of modern science and technology has greatly increased the information resources owned by various media, including periodicals, papers, patents, books, software and so on. In 1950s, it only increased 1 times every 10 years, but now it has doubled in 2-3 years. The half-life of mastering knowledge is shortening, and the knowledge and skills accumulated by people will soon become obsolete and lose their original value. Therefore, the efficiency of teaching and learning is particularly important. It should be noted that the traditional educational technology, such as projectors, slide projectors, televisions and other hardware, as well as the corresponding teaching software and methods, should be extended to the traditional point of view, that is, audio-visual education technology.
(2) Modern educational technology puts more emphasis on cultivating compound talents. In the determination of educational goals, we should not only meet the needs of society, but also attach importance to the needs of students and encourage them to develop into compound talents. Therefore, modern educational technology is applied to the selection of teaching content, the application of educational methods and the application of educational forms to realize the cultivation of compound talents.
Characteristics of modern educational technology teaching system
(1) From the perspective of teaching rules,
Modern educational technology overcomes the linear defect of traditional teaching knowledge structure, has the characteristics of multi-form and nonlinear network structure of information, and conforms to the cognitive law of modern education. First of all, in the aspect of constructing and forming cognitive structure, the teaching system of modern educational technology is based on the semantic network theory of M.R.Quilian Human cognition is a layer-by-layer network structure with nodes and chains. Nodes form a memory network through the action of chains. The teaching structure of modern educational technology starts from the initial knowledge node and forms a multi-level knowledge structure in a network knowledge chain structure. This is a kind of learning environment that organizes teaching information in the way of human thinking, and students can arrange their own learning environment according to their actual ability and learning needs. Obviously, the linearization of traditional teaching knowledge structure not only restricts the acquisition of multi-level and multi-angle knowledge information, but also restricts the completion of learning only according to the teacher's teaching plan. Secondly, in terms of cognitive process, modern educational technology teaching conforms to R.M. Gagne's cognitive learning theory, revealing the gradual development process of human mastering knowledge and forming ability: the traditional vocational and technical education and teaching process, especially the theoretical teaching part, is formed by connecting several links in turn, which takes a long time, easily dilutes students' memory and is not conducive to the gradual development process. Modern educational technology integrates perception, understanding, consolidation and application, which strengthens students' memory in a short time and can effectively promote individuals to actively participate in the progressive learning process of continuous reorganization of cognitive structure.
(2) From the teaching mode.
Modern educational technology teaching system is not only a teaching environment and system that can carry out personalized and independent learning, but also a teaching environment and system that can form mutual cooperation. Whether it is the traditional audio-visual education means or the modern educational technology teaching system composed of multimedia teaching system, the diversity of input and output means makes it have strong interactive ability. Alternating the use of various learning forms can give full play to students' initiative in learning, thus completing autonomous learning. The multimedia teaching system combined with network technology can also make students communicate with each other, and students and teachers can communicate across the limitations of time and space to realize collaborative learning in a free discussion way, which is obviously incomparable to the traditional teaching mode.
(3) From the teaching content.
Modern educational technology can integrate sounds, words, pictures and images, making knowledge and information rich in sources, large in capacity, rich in content, vivid and attractive. Creating a broad time-domain space for students can not only transcend real time and vividly show historical or future cognitive objects, but also broaden the scope of activities and show things in the huge space and micro-world to students for cognition. The application of modern educational technology teaching system has changed the traditional teaching methods, making the time and space occupied by students expand continuously. However, traditional teaching methods rely on written textbooks and teachers' classroom teaching, emphasizing the principles of teaching process from near to far, from shallow to deep, from concrete to abstract.
(4) From the perspective of teaching methods.
The teaching system of modern educational technology mainly refers to the multimedia teaching system. Multimedia teaching system emphasizes the role of computer-centered multimedia group. It has fundamentally changed the three-point and one-line pattern of teachers, textbooks and students in traditional teaching. Students are no longer faced with a single boring text textbook and a fixed chalk blackboard classroom, but are presented with illustrated audio-visual textbooks, multimedia teaching environment, audio-visual combination means and long-distance two-way transmission teaching system. All these make the abstract book knowledge in traditional teaching methods transform into a three-dimensional multi-combination form that students can easily accept, and make the teaching process and teaching effect reach an optimal state. In the whole learning process, students can make full use of their visual and auditory functions and stimulate their brains in various ways, thus significantly improving the learning effect.