Perhaps because I didn't go to kindergarten, I spent a lot of time with my grandmother and learned a lot of interesting things. I wonder if kindergartens are only available in modern society. It seems that kindergartens have existed since ancient times, and only descendants of the royal family have the opportunity to study in these kindergartens.
In fact, the kindergartens in ancient times are no worse than those in modern times, no matter in terms of food, clothing, housing and transportation, teaching content and management system. It is an educational institution specialized in cultivating royal descendants. As you know, everything is the best match of that era.
In ancient times, children generally went to primary school at the age of 8- 13, and the age before going to primary school was called children. The so-called kindergarten is a learning institution specially prepared for children aged 3 to 7.
In ancient China, there was no independent kindergarten at first. At that time, kindergartens and nursing homes were together, so the elderly all over the country gathered in nursing homes for the elderly. These old people are knowledgeable and experienced, and they will take the initiative to take charge of the education of young children to enrich their lives. This system of combining nursing homes with kindergartens continued until the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties.
It can be seen that since the Xia Dynasty, the elderly and children have been raised in the same institution.
Zhou Tianzi and the governors at that time set up a "surrender room" in the palace. Among the mothers of many children, they chose the gentle, kind, obedient and cautious one to educate the prince and the prince.
Their positions are substitute teachers, loving mothers and nannies. They live in the "children's room" with the prince and his son, and are not allowed to communicate with others unless there are other things. Sub-teachers mainly educate kindness and distinguish right from wrong; The loving mother is responsible for examining whether the child is influenced by desire and spoiled by nature; The nanny is responsible for the children's diet and daily life.
Each department has a clear division of labor and clear responsibilities. However, the "children's room" is not a real kindergarten. A real educational institution needs a clear educational purpose, a perfect management system and teaching content. The "children's room" does not have these, but it is a relatively perfect nursery and the embryonic form of kindergarten.
In the Han Dynasty, Empress Dowager Deng established the earliest kindergarten "Didi" in China, which was mainly used to train the children of the royal family, on the basis of the education model of the former Confucius Room, by clarifying the educational purpose, perfecting the management system and clarifying the educational content.
Kings and grandchildren don't worry about food and clothing every day, and it's difficult to study hard. Beautiful clothes are put on their bodies, and there are always delicacies at the dinner table. I want to ride a good horse and a good pony when I go out in a sedan chair. However, whether as an individual or a country, it will decline sooner or later.
For this reason, the Queen Mother Deng founded Didi to let the children of the royal family know more about saints, be less eloquent, not distinguish right from wrong, exercise more abilities and qualities in all aspects, learn real skills, and be able to serve the country when they grow up and avoid the decline and extinction of the country.
There are only over forty students in the kindergarten "Didi" run by Queen Deng, who are basically descendants of King Hebei and King Hejian and close relatives of Queen Deng's family. Even the children of nobles and court officials at that time had no chance to go to school, let alone the children of ordinary people. This kind of education is more like royal family education, with high entrance threshold and emphasis on class and rank. Lack of mass base, and finally disappeared in the historical stage.
The teaching content of Didi is mainly Confucian classic textbooks, such as poetry, calligraphy, etiquette, Yi, etc., specifically teaching moral education, cultural literacy, etiquette norms, political education and many other aspects. In order to be lenient with others, be strict with yourself, love the people and be benevolent; Words and deeds teach children and grandchildren.
There is also a special preschool education official "Shi Bao", which is an excellent teacher selected through layers of screening, and these teachers are all important officials of the court. They are knowledgeable, talented and experienced in court politics. These selected teachers are mainly responsible for the education of princes and princes.
It is necessary to ensure that the prince and the prince are taught to sit like a bell, stand like a pine, walk like the wind, study hard, speak logically, prioritize clearly, speak rhythmically, treat others with moderation, and advance and retreat with moderation. The post of "Shaobao" is mainly to help "Taibao" successfully complete its work and ensure the healthy growth and all-round intellectual development of the prince.
At an early age, Zhou Chengwang appointed Zhao Gong as the Pacific Insurance, the Duke of Zhou as the teacher, and the squire as the teacher. These people are the highest-ranking officials in the imperial court. Taibao is responsible for his health, Taishi is responsible for teaching him knowledge and wisdom, and Taifu teaches him kindness and moral education.
If the prince got drunk at the banquet, caught a cold and coughed, suffered from heatstroke on a hot day, was propped up after eating too much, didn't wait on him while sitting, and didn't put away the equipment that would hurt him in his hand, all these are the responsibilities of Taibao.
Taifu is a teacher who teaches knowledge, and is mainly responsible for the education of knowledge and moral quality of princes and princes. If the prince does not follow the teachings of his ancestors, has no emperor's moral character, will not rule the country with imperial power, has no benevolent spirit, and is not proficient in the Four Books and Five Classics.
Then a surname should take full responsibility, because this is what a surname should teach the prince. The prince didn't study hard and returned all the knowledge he had learned to the teacher. He answered the words of the vassal ministers, but his words were inappropriate. He doesn't know what he said, everything he learned is heresy, and he didn't study classic works. All these are Shao Shi's responsibilities, because Shao Shi mainly assists the Taishi to complete the cultivation of the knowledge and wisdom of the Prince.
Prince Edward and Prince Edward's teaching achievements will be verified by exams. During the examination, Empress Dowager Deng of the Han Dynasty will personally supervise their examinations, and will not relax management or be too strict just because she is her own offspring, so as to be lenient and flexible.
From the establishment of early childhood education institutions and old-age care institutions together before the summer, to the "children's room" in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and the "Didi" of Empress Dowager Deng, the kindergarten finally developed from the embryonic form into a real early childhood education institution.
Cultivate the royal family, know how to manage their own country and people, and have outstanding talents and strong political ability. A good monarch is conducive to the long-term stability of the country and the people are free from the suffering of war and displacement. However, because it is a special educational institution dedicated to the royal family, it can't get the support of courtiers, landlords, wealthy businessmen and ordinary people, and finally it doesn't continue to develop.
However, the ancient "Didi" has a certain influence on modern parent education. Many aristocratic schools in modern society were established with reference to "Didi" and how the ancients trained emperors to train their own children.
The clear educational purpose, perfect management system and teaching content of kindergartens are all influenced by ancient early childhood education. While inheriting the ancient preschool education culture, we should constantly innovate and develop modern preschool education, such as adding simple English education, dancing and painting. , so that children can develop morally, intellectually and physically in an all-round way and better train the next generation of the motherland.
Reading history makes people wise. In the history of China, early childhood education began. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, teachers, loving mothers and nannies were set up in the "children's room" to teach them to be generous, kind, virtuous, correct in outlook on life and values, and grow up healthily and happily.
Empress Deng established Didi with the teaching aim of Confucian loyalty, filial piety and benevolence. The specific teaching contents are: poetry, calligraphy, etiquette, etiquette and Yi. A surname, Shao Shi; A teacher and a young woman; Taibao, Shaobao and other posts are responsible for the healthy growth of children's bodies and good intellectual development, inheriting the spirit of ancestors' kingship, learning the skills of temple emperors, managing and ruling the country, and making the country prosperous and the people live and work in peace.
History is the richest and most comprehensive book of wisdom left by our ancestors. Through history, you will find that Confucianism has always been the main educational program of the Chinese nation, teaching people to be polite and polite.
Today, Confucianism still affects several generations. In first-tier cities, some kindergartens have also begun to teach ethics. Their school-running purposes, educational ideas and management systems all follow the example of ancient royal kindergarten, hoping to cultivate children's talents in all aspects and become the pillars of the country.
refer to
Book of Rites, the Fifth Ruling System
The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Hou Ji's Ten