The distinctive features of STS education curriculum are as follows:
Length STS teaching is closely related to daily life and social life, and can be applied in daily life.
We can combine scientific knowledge with the reality of our country and region.
3. Pay attention to environmental pollution and protection, energy development and utilization and other important social issues related to science and technology.
First, STS education in junior high school physics teaching role
(A) is conducive to the implementation of the new curriculum standards, strengthen the connection between physics teaching and science, technology and society.
Physics is closely related to natural phenomena, production and life. The development of science, the progress of technology and the solution of some major social problems are all inseparable from physical knowledge. The new curriculum standard clearly points out that physics teaching in compulsory education should guide students to "move from life to physics and from physics to society", guide students to learn the preliminary knowledge of physics and its practical application, and understand the important role of physics knowledge in improving people's lives, promoting scientific and technological development and socialist construction. In fact, this has made clear the goal of STS education in junior high school physics teaching, that is, in junior high school physics teaching, students should not only master the basic knowledge and skills of physics, but also understand the practical and social value of these knowledge and how to apply them in real life. It is necessary to cultivate students' awareness of science and technology and social consciousness, so that students can form values that are unified with the development of science and technology and society, and they will promote the progress of science and technology and society.
(B) Physics teaching is conducive to the cultivation of students' comprehensive ability.
Ability is the synthesis of observation, thinking, practice and creation. There are four ways to improve ability: first, learn to observe; Second, learn to think; Third, learn to practice; Fourth, learn to create. STS education activities in physics teaching can give full play to students' subjective initiative and make them fully observe, contact and understand society. At the same time, through various forms of inquiry activities, the cultivation of students' ability can be implemented in physics teaching.
(C) conducive to the formation of an open space for physics teaching
Taking students as the main body and attaching great importance to students' full participation in various inquiry activities and practical activities in the vast teaching space is the main way to implement the new curriculum concept. Through STS education, it is beneficial to change the single and closed teaching mode in the past and form an all-round open teaching space composed of physics classroom teaching, inquiry class and practice class, inside and outside class, family and society.
(D) is conducive to training students to care about society and adapt to social life.
"Learn to live and care" is one of the themes of world education in 2 1 century, and it is also one of the important contents of implementing quality education in middle school physics teaching. Through STS education, students can get in touch with society extensively, participate in some major issues in social life, cultivate their moral concepts and sense of social responsibility, and make them become people who understand and care about society. In this way, when they enter the society, they can become high-quality citizens who care about and contribute to the society.
Two, infiltration of STS education in physics teaching should do five things well.
1. Improve students' practical skills in an all-round way.
In the high-speed development of science and technology and highly information-based society, we should increase the proportion of technical education in junior high school physics teaching, mainly in the following aspects: first, we should pay attention to the introduction of physical technology applications, and some also require students to achieve certain operational skills, such as the use of slide projectors and projectors; The second is to increase some students' practical skills training in daily life, such as the installation and use of lighting circuits and the repair of simple electrical appliances; Third, pay attention to cultivating students' practical skills, such as small practice, small production and other practical activities, so that students can operate independently; The fourth is to cultivate students' scientific and technological inquiry ability and technological transformation ability, such as the transformation of family stoves, the design and installation of simple solar water heaters, etc.
2. Get rid of the traditional teacher-centered concept and establish the concept of "teacher-led, student-centered".
Promote learning by teaching, teach learning, help students by teaching, and learn by teaching. Teachers should give full play to the role of tutors in teaching, fully mobilize students' enthusiasm and initiative in learning, and tap students' internal potential and learning motivation.
(1) Make full use of textbooks to inspire students to think positively and guide students to associate and imagine. After learning a knowledge point, let the students imagine its application in science and technology and society. For example, after learning "Motion and Force", students can associate it with the launch and recovery of Shenzhou 5.
(2) Encourage students to read books by themselves, practice by themselves, make their own small works and make their own small inventions. In the process of doing it yourself, you will find many problems. All problems that students solve through thinking and practice should be solved by students themselves as far as possible, and they cannot be arranged to replace them. Let students take the initiative to absorb and apply knowledge, and gain corresponding ability from it.
3. We should teach students in accordance with their aptitude and set different requirements for students at different levels from reality.
For students with learning difficulties, we should patiently help them to meet the corresponding teaching requirements. Students who have spare capacity for study should be encouraged to read more extracurricular books and take the initiative to study. For example, after "friction electrification", let several top students read extracurricular books to understand "electrostatic induction" and electrostatic technology and their applications in production and life.
4. Change injection teaching into heuristic teaching, and realize the transformation from one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate education to quality education.
Injective teaching must be abolished and heuristic teaching should be adopted. We should not only pay attention to imparting knowledge. We should also pay attention to the process of knowledge transfer. This is the truth that "it is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish". According to different teaching contents and students' actual situation, various effective methods and means are adopted to guide students to use their mouth, hands and brain, develop students' various abilities and improve their comprehensive quality.
5. Establish a correct evaluation concept.
Break the traditional concept of grading grades in schools and establish a new evaluation concept. In the past, the education of children with high scores and low abilities could not adapt to the development of society and promote social progress. In the era of highly developed science and technology, it is necessary to cultivate students' pioneering and innovative ability and cultivate students' exploration spirit and creativity. It was wrong to think that obedient children were good children in the past. It is necessary to change closed teaching into open teaching, let students have extensive contact with society, and gradually develop the habit and accomplishment of independent thinking, being good at questioning and being brave in innovation in practice.
Third, how to implement STS education in junior high school physics teaching
(A) classroom infiltration
This is one of the important ways to infiltrate STS education in physics knowledge teaching.
1. Mining related contents in textbooks.
There are many materials about STS education in textbooks, and we can consciously use these materials to infiltrate STS education in teaching. For example, the section "Harm and control of noise" mainly introduces the source, grade and harm of noise and the ways to reduce it. Through the teaching of this course, students can establish the consciousness that noise is also a kind of pollution and cultivate their sense of social responsibility. At the same time, we can also introduce the hazards of several major pollution in society ── water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution and their control methods. In the teaching of "Liquefaction", students know that liquefied petroleum gas used at home is obtained by compressing the volume of gas, and lowering the temperature can also liquefy the gas, thus prompting physicists to study the technology of obtaining low temperature. The breakthrough of cryogenic technology makes liquid oxygen a reality as rocket fuel. Through this teaching, students know that physics knowledge is closely related to the development of science and technology. The textbook introduces in the section "Evaporation" that water is a precious resource for human beings. In arid and water-deficient areas, sprinkler irrigation technology is widely used in agricultural production, and pipes are used instead of ditches to deliver water to reduce leakage and evaporation during water delivery. Through the teaching of this course, students can not only have a sense of social responsibility-water saving consciousness, but also fully discuss the ways to solve the energy crisis. According to the students' discussion, the teacher summed up: first, develop new energy, and second, improve energy efficiency to save energy. At the same time, with the development of human society, the demand for energy is also increasing rapidly, and the final solution of this problem depends on the progress of science and technology.
2. Flexible use of reading materials.
There are many STS educational materials in the reading materials of the textbook. For example, when reading the section of "refrigerator principle" in the reading material, the working principle of refrigerator is introduced with the schematic diagram in the book, and the damage of refrigerant Freon to the ozone layer and living environment is also introduced. At present, the fluorine-free refrigerator can effectively solve this problem. The reading guide of this material should make students feel that the development of science and technology can improve people's living standards, and at the same time make students realize that the development of science and technology has brought some new social problems, and we must explore new ways with scientific methods. Reading material "The Lever in Ancient China", through reading, let students know that the lever principle was skillfully used in ancient China, and the workmanship was fine. Now, the lever scale made according to the lever principle is still used in some markets in rural and urban areas, which makes students feel the influence of physical knowledge on all aspects of social life.
We must pay attention to the content of elective courses.
The textbook is arranged in ten sections and one chapter. Although these contents are not used as examination contents, most of them have promoted the progress of human civilization in current production and life. For example, in the textbook Rocket, we can guide students to understand Shenzhou 5 by teaching this lesson and observing the role of rockets. The wonderful electrical properties of semiconductors, such as pressure sensitive elements, thermistors and photoresistors, are shown in the section "Semiconductors". The role of integrated circuits in "useful electronic components", the superconducting phenomenon of conductors introduced in "Superconductors", superconducting materials and their application prospects, maglev trains, and so on. Let students understand that the progress of science and technology pushes us towards civilization.
4. Give full play to the role of exercises.
The exercises later in this chapter play a great role in the application of students' knowledge. In the exercises in Chapter 11 of Book 2, students can understand the structure, working principle and automatic control technology of electromagnetic relay by analyzing flood alarm. There are also the design of corridor light switch, the production of electric bell and so on. Through the training of these exercises, we can not only further consolidate the knowledge we have learned, but also let students learn knowledge in application, and further feel that physical knowledge is the foundation of science and technology.
(2) Extracurricular activities
1. Effectively strengthen the operation practice.
In teaching, it is necessary to create certain situations and conditions, so that students can use their brains, talk more and do more, and organically combine theory with practice. Small experiments and small production activities can be organized, so that students can make experimental instruments and models with waste materials. For example, you can use wooden boards, thumbtacks, thin iron sheets, thin copper wires and Xiao Mu clips to make battery clips and small light bulb holders, then cut the pencil in half, leaving the half with a refill, connect a wire (tied with thin wires or glued with tape) at one end of the refill, and wrap it with copper wires. A simple sliding rheostat can be made by making a copper ring that can be in close contact with pencil lead and slide on the pencil lead. Connect the battery, the small bulb and the sliding rheostat with wires. When the copper ring slides on the refill, the brightness change of the small bulb can be observed. Students can also be guided to make pinhole camera, periscope, small scale, lever, submarine and other experimental equipment with waste materials. In addition, practical activity classes can be set up in combination with the contents of the teaching materials, such as training students to install and maintain lighting circuits after learning "safe use of electricity", and often holding experimental operation competitions, such as "design and connection of common circuits" and "connection of control circuits".
2. Carefully design special lectures.
The development of science and technology changes with each passing day. In order to let students know some current scientific and technological trends, it is necessary to supplement some scientific and technological materials for special lectures, but these materials need to be related to junior high school physics teaching. For example, there are many solar water heaters in the market, and a lecture on solar energy utilization can be arranged. This kind of lecture can be given by teachers themselves or experts, and students can watch science and technology programs on TV regularly.
3. Carefully organize interviews and investigations.
According to the content of the textbook, students can be properly organized to visit and inspect. For example, after the chapter "Household Electricity" is finished, students can observe the connection and control mode of household circuits or lighting circuits in their own classrooms. In addition, through interviews and investigations, the phenomena and problems found are simulated and made decisions, and the improvement methods are put forward. For example, if there is a violation of safe electricity use in household electricity, students can be asked to propose solutions.
Fourthly, choose the content of STS education reasonably.
The main educational content of junior high school physics teaching should be physical knowledge closely combined with science, technology and society. STS teaching content in the new textbook is very rich. Besides the textbook, there are many materials about daily life, industrial and agricultural production and modern science and technology. Therefore, in STS teaching, we must choose the teaching content reasonably and pay attention to the following points.
1. Moderate. According to the new curriculum standards and new textbooks, choose the teaching content that meets its requirements. For some modern scientific and technological knowledge that involves a lot, we should not blindly pursue perfection in teaching, but ignore students' intellectual development level, which will eventually lead to only focusing on theory and being divorced from students' reality. Therefore, in teaching, we should choose the part closely related to the teaching content, and make the depth and breadth appropriate.
2. adapt. That is, the selected teaching content is suitable for students' knowledge level, thinking ability and social life, and should not be divorced.
3. Appropriate amount. The selected STS teaching content must be organically combined with the teaching of physical knowledge, and must not be excessive, just in sync with the teaching content.
4. Practical. Pay attention to close contact with students' daily life and production practice. The selected teaching content can improve students' ability to apply knowledge in teaching and is conducive to cultivating students' innovative ability.
I believe that the infiltration of STS education in physics teaching will definitely improve students' interest in learning science and technology, develop their hobbies and specialties, strengthen their scientific and technological quality, and at the same time stimulate their patriotic enthusiasm, so that they can truly feel that the development of the future society is the development of science and technology, and the future talents are all-round talents with special skills. In the future, we must carry out in-depth experiments to explore STS education and realize the strategic goal of "education should face modernization, the future and the world".
Of course, STS education also puts forward higher requirements for teachers. First of all, teachers must keep learning, keep up with the development of science and technology, and pay attention to collecting all kinds of new knowledge and technology information to enrich themselves. Secondly, teachers must teach themselves all kinds of practical skills. All these require teachers to constantly improve their ideological quality and professional level.