First, the "beauty" in Chinese teaching in middle schools
/kloc-Schiller, a famous German romantic playwright and aesthetician in the 0/8th century, once said in Letters of Aesthetic Education: "Finding beauty from beautiful things is the task of aesthetic education." "Beautiful things" are mentioned here. What are the "beautiful things" in our Chinese teaching? This is a basic problem. Only by solving this problem can we discuss the problem of Chinese aesthetic education. This question also involves what kind of China view we should have. For most Chinese teachers, the "beautiful things" in Chinese teaching are just texts, that is, articles. This view is very one-sided and can only be regarded as a small language view. Chinese is not only a text, but also an article. Chinese teaching cannot be simply understood as text explanation. Professor Yan, a well-known expert in Chinese teaching in middle schools, believes that the connotation of Chinese is very rich, including not only articles, culture and characters (the three are integrated into texts), but also language and speech. Only in this way can we have a reasonable and scientific view of Chinese. Professor Yao Xiaolong, a famous Lu Xun expert in our province, once said, "We should have a broad spiritual vision in everything we do." Only by looking at Chinese from a grand perspective can we fully explore the "beauty" in Chinese teaching and give students a beautiful education. As far as the author is concerned, "beauty" in Chinese teaching at least includes the following aspects. First, the text is the main part of "beautiful things" in Chinese teaching. I believe everyone has no objection to this. Chinese texts in middle schools are a collection of masterpieces from ancient and modern times, at home and abroad, which reflect the aesthetic tastes, requirements and concepts of different times, nationalities and countries from different angles, and contain extremely rich, extensive and profound aesthetic education resources. This aesthetic education resource includes not only literary aesthetics (including language aesthetics) and moral aesthetics, but also cultural aesthetics (focusing on classical Chinese). We can use this huge aesthetic education resource to carry out comprehensive aesthetic education for students. Secondly, language, that is, to cultivate students' aesthetic ability in listening and reading. Chinese means listening and reading more. Only in this way can we cultivate our aesthetic ability for things. The last point, which many Chinese teachers will ignore, is the cultivation of aesthetic ability of Chinese characters themselves. Our Chinese characters can develop into a unique Chinese and foreign art, which is definitely related to its beautiful characteristics.
Second, in the text analysis to cultivate students' aesthetic appreciation ability
In terms of literary aesthetics, middle school Chinese texts contain all kinds of beautiful images and aesthetic styles, such as the beauty of Suzhou gardens, the simplicity of small orange lanterns, the exquisiteness of shells and so on. By digging and analyzing the beauty of language, image and artistic conception, teachers can arouse students' emotions and stimulate their imagination on the one hand, and give them rational guidance and guidance on the other hand, thus improving their aesthetic ability. First of all, we must grasp the beautiful language. Gorky once said that language is "the first element of literature". Therefore, to analyze a work, we must first grasp the beautiful language of the work and enjoy the beauty in appreciating its language beauty. For example, Moonlight on the Lotus Pond depicts an elegant and poetic picture with delicate and euphemistic brushstrokes, with faint joy and sadness between the lines. The intermediary of language makes them feel the profound artistic conception contained in the scenery, arouse active imagination and raise joy and satisfaction. This is the wonderful effect of beautiful language.
Secondly, we must grasp the image of beauty. Beauty has the characteristics of visualization. Teachers should pay attention to guiding students to analyze and appreciate the characters in literary works, especially the beauty of typical images with universal social significance. Vivid artistic images can subtly cultivate and shape students' minds, and have inspiring, touching and inspiring artistic charm. For example, Teacher Cai in Wei Wei's My Teacher is gentle and beautiful in appearance, kind-hearted, caring and caring about children's sufferings. She is a beautiful teacher image and inspires people to purify their hearts with beauty. Finally, we should grasp the artistic conception of beauty. Wang Guowei's theory of artistic conception has been recognized by people. Analyzing the beauty of artistic conception is to present the author's "difficult scene" to students, and accurately show the "implication" so that students can realize the artistic conception that the author deliberately pursues. Practice has proved that beautiful artistic conception can cause rich imagination and association. For example, Ma Zhiyuan's "Tianjingsha Qiu Si" says: "The old vine is faint, the small bridge is flowing, and the old road is thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world. " In the bleak travel map of A Wanderer in Late Autumn Evening outlined by this writer, vines are dead, trees are old, crows are yellow, and people near the bridge are sparse. On the desolate ancient road, the sun sets, the west wind blows, and the homeless wanderers ride thin horses. When I lift my eyes, I can see that the whole scenery is so sad and miserable. This is actually a portrayal of the beauty and mood of the homeless "heartbroken", or the mark of the heartbroken's sad mood on the natural scenery. From the perspective of moral aesthetics, Chinese teaching in middle schools can completely strengthen the education of "four beauties". The materials of social beauty in junior middle school Chinese textbooks are very rich, and the "four beauties" in the "five stresses and four beauties" we advocate can be found as examples. The core of "four beauties" is spiritual beauty, and the core of social beauty is also spiritual beauty. The beauty of the soul is relative to the external beauty (appearance beauty) of people. Nowadays, junior high school students generally pay more attention to the beauty of appearance. Of course, people should pay attention to the beauty of appearance, but what is more important is the inner beauty, that is, the beauty of mind. The beauty of mind and soul is the basis of beauty of language, behavior and environment, which is expressed through beauty of language, behavior and environment. On the other hand, through the education of beauty in language, action and environment, it is helpful to cultivate a beautiful mind. In the teaching of classical Chinese, we can also strengthen the aesthetic education of students' culture and thoughts. Our students are in the environment of scientific and technological progress and social change, and their growth needs correct guidance and excellent ideological and cultural edification. Only with correct thoughts can we have lofty ideals and a correct outlook on life, values and the world. Through the reading of classical Chinese, we can read the brilliance of life consciousness, wealth consciousness, responsibility consciousness and transcendence consciousness hidden behind. Mencius' tenacity of "suffering from his mind, straining his bones and muscles, starving his body, lacking his body, and messing with his behavior, so he can endure and get what he can't do"; Fan Zhongyan's understanding of "being far away from the rivers and lakes, worrying about his monarch, being high in the temple and worrying about his people"; Tao Yuanming's indifference of "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" makes us feel the existence and significance of various life forms, and in-depth analysis will naturally improve students' ideological realm.
Third, cultivate students' aesthetic ability in listening and reading. In Chinese teaching activities, the appearance of aesthetic objects is mainly based on the text, and the content of the text is the most direct perceptual material for students to listen, watch and read, while reading model essays (including teachers and students) becomes an important way to stimulate students' aesthetic interest, establish aesthetic feeling and enhance aesthetic feeling.
The first is to stimulate the interest in beauty. Students' interest in beauty is aroused in the process of learning. The teacher's role is to create a situation and point out the direction for students' perception and experience of the text, that is, to create a beautiful emotional atmosphere for their acceptance mechanism and induce them to devote themselves wholeheartedly to it through careful reading and repeated taste of the text. For example, after fully combing the content of the text, the teacher recited it repeatedly, just like a smart and knowledgeable tour guide, which brought students to a novel childhood fun and made them feel that their childhood was actually very childlike. In this way, an unpretentious classical Chinese text introduced students into an interesting childhood scene. Among them, the teacher's reading is the key. Practice has proved that reading the text aloud is the key to stimulate interest. Through reading aloud, the aesthetic implication in the text has been initially revealed, and the aesthetic value has been explored accordingly.
Secondly, we must establish a sense of beauty. Students' consciousness of beauty is gradually established after their interest in beauty is stimulated. Teachers should cherish and cherish, and make great efforts in model essay reading. Reading model essays includes attractive model essay reading by teachers and expressive reading by students. For example, the former is a beacon and the latter is a pathfinder. When students find their own way, they can recite the beautiful poems, essays, touching novels and dramas in the textbook repeatedly, and experience the aesthetic feeling of the works, so as to enter the specific artistic conception of the works and achieve the artistic effect of "seeing the text and conveying the sound, sounding like it, empathizing with it", and then they will actively discover and feel the beauty. Finally, enhance the aesthetic feeling. Fan reading should not only reproduce the situation of the text, but also deeply understand the emotion of the text. Only by truly understanding the emotion of the text can we get the truest feeling. Middle school students are in the embryonic stage of youth, and their inner world will not be calm for a moment. They are eager for rich emotional experience, strong emotional resonance and timely emotional catharsis, and the role of teachers is to use the situation to make them absorb nutrition from their works, generate love and enhance their aesthetic feeling. For example, in the text "Spring", the teacher reproduces the images of tough grass, gentle spring breeze, wet spring rain and bright spring flowers through soothing and pleasant tone, so that students can feel the beauty of spring. The improvement and development of a person's ability to express beauty and create beauty are complementary to the deepening and expansion of his aesthetic ability. Therefore, in the whole teaching activities, teachers' reading and analysis of model essays can never replace students' reading and understanding, and teachers' appreciation can never replace students' appreciation. Only by giving full play to students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning can the classroom become a place to feel and understand beauty, and students can become the main body to evaluate and appreciate beauty.
Fourth, experience the extraordinary charm of Chinese characters in writing class. Suhomlinski, a contemporary educator in the Soviet Union, also said: "Beauty is a kind of gymnastics of the mind-it makes our spirit upright, our mind pure and our emotions and beliefs correct." Chinese characters are the concentrated expression of this beauty. Chinese characters are the only characters with the longest history in the world, and they have been used to this day. The splendid ancient culture created by the Chinese nation, such as great achievements in politics, philosophy, history, literature and art, has been recorded in Chinese characters and has been passed down to this day, becoming a common precious wealth of the Chinese nation. Chinese characters bear such a long history and profound culture in our country, so it is very helpful and necessary to understand, learn and write Chinese characters well for conveying our history and culture to students. In addition to inheriting history and culture, Chinese characters also have the function of cultivating sentiment. Chinese characters are beautiful in structure and appearance. Some images of ancient Chinese characters are realistic, such as the objects in front. Later, Chinese characters developed in the practical direction, and the font was square. Handwriting is developing towards calligraphy. In the early stage of development, Chinese running script and cursive script were both produced for the convenience of writing. Later, famous artists came forth in large numbers and eventually became two kinds of great calligraphy. Both Wang Xizhi's running script and Huai Su's cursive script have great aesthetic functions. Students learn to appreciate calligraphy, which is very helpful for their future life and work. Writing needs to cultivate a peaceful and peaceful mind, and impetuous people can't write well all their lives. Therefore, letting students practice calligraphy can cultivate their good habit of doing things calmly and cultivate their good mentality and temperament. In addition, it can be pointed out that students' writing is also very beneficial in the senior high school entrance examination and college entrance examination. Although quality education is advocated now, examinations are still essential. If students can make the marking teacher feel bright after seeing the test paper, then students can get more test papers and impression points, which is also very helpful for their further studies. The famous educator Suhomlinski said: "Beauty is a powerful source of moral purity, rich spirit and sound body." Only by strengthening aesthetic education in Chinese teaching can teachers make students develop morally, intellectually, physically and aesthetically.
In short, only by organically combining aesthetic education with teaching, strengthening aesthetic education and improving students' aesthetic experience in middle school Chinese teaching can we cultivate students' sentiment, improve their aesthetic ability and comprehensive quality, develop their intelligence, cultivate their innovative vitality and ability, enhance their learning enthusiasm and improve their comprehensive quality of Chinese.