Autumn floods rise with the seasons. Thousands of rivers flow into the Yellow River, and the water flow is huge. You can't tell the difference between cattle and horses by the water and the islands on both sides. As a result, Hebo was very happy and thought that all the beautiful scenery in the world was concentrated on himself. Follow the running water to the east, and when you reach the Bohai Sea, you can't see the water when you look east. So Hebo put away (changed) his happy face, looked up at the Bohai Sea and sighed: "There is a saying,' When you hear a lot of truth, you think no one can compare with yourself', that is to say, it's me. I have also heard that some people look down on Ni's knowledge and Bo Yi's righteous deeds. At first, I didn't believe it. Now I see that your sea is endless. If I don't come before you, it will be dangerous, and I will always be laughed at by people who know the truth. " The god of the Bohai Sea said: "You can't talk about the sea with the frog at the bottom of the well, because its vision is limited by its narrow residence;" Insects that live and die in summer can't talk about ice and snow with them, because their vision is limited by seasons; People with little knowledge should not argue with him, because his vision is bound by his education. Now that you have flowed out of the river bank and looked at the sea, you know your shallowness and can tell you the truth. There is no water bigger than the sea in the world. Thousands of rivers belong to the sea, I don't know when to stop, but I am not satisfied; The tail excretes it, I don't know when to stop, but it is not empty; The spring and autumn have not changed, and the floods and droughts are unknown. This shows that its capacity exceeds that of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, which cannot be counted. But I have never boasted, because I feel that I am between heaven and earth, from which I draw Yin and Yang. I am between heaven and earth, just like Xiao Mu on a mountain, and I have an idea that I have seen very little. How to boast? Calculate the four seas between heaven and earth, unlike the small holes in the huge Shui Ze? Is the Central Plains in the world, unlike Timmy in the barn? The number of things is called' ten thousand', and human beings are just one of them; Humans are all over the world, where grains grow and where cars and boats arrive, accounting for only one thousand of them; Does this mean that people are not like the hair tips of horses compared with everything else? This is all the efforts of the sages who have ruled continuously by the five emperors, fought for power by the three kings, cared for the country by the benevolent people, and took the world as their own responsibility. Boyi became famous by resigning, and Confucius showed great wisdom by commenting on the world. Didn't they praise themselves as you just praised the number of rivers? "The river god said," So, can I regard heaven and earth as the biggest and smallest? Poseidon replied, "No." .. the quantity of everything is endless, the passage of time is endless, the characteristics of gain and loss have no fixed routine, and there is no definite reason for the end and beginning of things. Therefore, people with great wisdom never observe things in a corner, so the small ones are not too few, and the big ones are not too many, because they know that the quantity of things is inexhaustible; Prove and observe all kinds of situations through the ages, so that you will live a long life without fatigue, and you will not seek to extend your life when it is near, because you know that the passage of time is endless; Knowing the law that things have gains and losses, we don't rejoice in what we get or regret what we lose, because we know that the nature of gains and losses is irregular; Knowing that there is no barrier between life and death is like a smooth road, so being born in the world will not be doubly happy, and death will not add to the body, because knowing the end and the beginning will not be static. Calculating the knowledge that human beings know is far less than what they don't know, and the time they live is far less than the time they don't live; Explore the endless realm with extremely limited wisdom, so I am confused and will get nothing! From this point of view, how do you know that the hair tail can be judged as the minimum limit? How do you know that heaven and earth can be regarded as the greatest realm? The river god said, "People who speak in the world always say,' The smallest thing has no form to find, and the largest thing has no definite scope'. Is this true and credible? "Poseidon replied:" From a small perspective, a huge thing can't be comprehensive, and from a big perspective, a tiny thing can't be true. "Fine, it is small in small; Huge, big, medium and big; However, although the size is different, each has its own appropriateness. This is the inherent situation of things. The so-called fine and rough, only tangible things, as for things without form, can not be dissected by counting the number; And things that cannot be limited in scope, let alone accurately calculated in quantity. What can be talked about in words is the external appearance of the surface of things; What the mind can convey is the beautiful inner essence of things. What words can't say and what the mind can't say is not limited to the fine and superficial scope. Therefore, noble people's behavior will not be out of harm to others, nor will they appreciate the kindness and kindness given to others; No matter what you do, it's not for personal gain, and you won't despise people like gatekeepers. No matter what property you have, you don't fight for it, and you don't value humility and resignation; Never rely on the strength of others in everything, but neither advocate self-reliance nor despise greed and filth; Action is different from the secular, but it does not advocate evil and strange; People who follow the general behavior will not be humbled by flattery; The so-called high officials and generous salaries in the world are not enough as encouragement, punishment and insult are not enough as shame; It is impossible to make clear the boundary between right and wrong, and it is impossible to determine a clear boundary between small and big. It means:' Those who can observe the main road don't want Wen Da to die in the world, those with noble cultivation don't care about gains and losses, and those who are quiet can forget me'. This is the realm of restraining yourself and reaching an appropriate point. " The river god said, "Where can we tell the difference between the appearance of this thing and the inner essence of this thing?" How to distinguish their size? Poseidon replied, "According to the common sense of nature, there is no difference between noble and noble things. From everything itself, one is expensive and the other is cheap. From a secular point of view, ranking is not the thing itself. According to the differences between things, if you look at the big side of all kinds of objects, you will think that the objects are big, so everything is right. Observing along the small sides of various objects, you will think that the objects are small, so nothing is small; Knowing that heaven and earth are as small as a grain of rice compared with something bigger, knowing that the end of a hair is as high as a hill compared with something smaller, we can see clearly the differences and quantities of everything. According to the function of things, observing along the side of the object will think that there is such a function, so there is nothing that has no such function at all; Observing along the side that an object does not have, it will be considered that it does not have such a function, so nothing in everything has such a function; It can be seen that the east and the west are in opposite directions, but they are indispensable, and the functions and responsibilities of things can be determined. From the perspective of people's trend towards things, observing along the positive side of various things will be considered right, so everything is not wrong; Observing along the negative side of various things will feel wrong, so everything is not wrong; Knowing that both Tang Yao and Xia Jie think they are right and deny each other, people's tendency and persistence can be clearly seen. At that time, Tang Yao and Yu Shun abdicated as emperors, the Prime Minister and the Prince of Yan abdicated one after another, and the State of Yan almost perished. Shang Tang and DuDu became emperors for the world, and Bai was killed. From this perspective, the ritual system of struggle and surrender, the practices of Tang Yao and Xia Jie, and Juncker's contempt will all change from time to time and cannot be regarded as immutable laws. The beam can be used to attack enemy cities, but not to block caves. It is said that the use of artifacts is different. A good horse travels a thousand miles a day, but catching mice is not as good as catching wild cats and weasels. They all say that the skills are different. Owls can catch small fleas at night and look at tiny fluff, but they can't see high mountains with their eyes wide open during the day, which is said to be different in nature. So, how can we only pay attention to the right side and ignore the wrong side, and pay attention to governance and ignore chaos? This is because we don't know the truth of the existence of nature, and we don't know the truth of everything itself. That's good. The proportion is lighter than the sky, and the yin is lighter than the yang. Obviously, this is not feasible. However, it is still necessary to talk endlessly, either ignorance or deception! The ancient emperors' abdication was different, and the inheritance of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties was also different. An untimely and rebellious person is called a usurper; People who conform to the times and the secular world all call him a man of high righteousness. Quiet, river god! How can you know the difference between a noble family and the size of everything! " The river god said, "what should I do in this case?" "What should I not do? How will I refuse or accept, speed up or give up, and what am I going to do? " Poseidon replied: "from the point of view of Tao, expensive and cheap can be called a cycle;" Don't bind your thoughts, but go against the path. What is less and what is more can be called replacement extension; Don't be paranoid about one aspect of things and disagree with the avenue. Dignified and dignified, like the king of a country, there is really no favoritism; You are like the land god in the sacrifice, and there is really no selfish blessing; The vastness around seems to extend in all directions and be endless, and there is really no boundary; Who bears or shelters everything that is stored and contained? This is called not being paranoid about anything. Everything in the universe is harmonious, so who is superior and who is inferior? The road has no beginning and no end, but everything has death and life, and it can't be done by a moment. Time and space are sometimes full, and everything will not stick to a certain unchanging form. Time can't stay, time will never stop, fade, grow, enrich and empty, and the end of all things in the universe will start again. Only in this way can we talk about the truth of the avenue and comment on the truth of everything. The growth of all things, such as Ma Benteng's galloping carriage, has no constant movement and no fixed time. What should I do? What should I not do? Everything will change naturally! " The river god said, "in that case, why should we pay so much attention to the avenue?" Poseidon replied, "Those who know the road must be sensible, those who are sensible must be responsive, and those who are responsive will never hurt themselves because of foreign objects. "People with high moral cultivation can't burn them to death, floods can't drown them, cold and heat can't invade them, and birds and animals can't hurt them. It is not that they can survive the intrusion of fire, water, cold and heat and the injury of animals, but that they have a sense of safety, are content with misfortune and happiness, and are cautious about abandonment and pursuit, so nothing can hurt them. So we said, "Nature contains Uneri, which is artificially exposed, and noble cultivation conforms to nature. Knowing people's actions, based on the laws of nature, living in a complacent environment, vacillating and inflexible, and returning to the road is very reasonable. " The river god said, "What is nature? What is artificial? "Poseidon replied:" Cattle and horses are born with four feet, which is called nature; "Put the horse's head on the horse's neck and put the cow's nose through it. This is called human behavior. Therefore, don't destroy nature with human actions, don't destroy nature with deliberate actions, and don't spare no effort to gain a false reputation. Keeping nature carefully without losing it is called returning to nature. " One-legged owls envy multi-legged owls, multi-legged owls envy legless snakes, legless snakes envy invisible winds, invisible winds envy eyes that observe foreign objects, and eyes that observe foreign objects envy inner souls. Kui said to the owl, "I jump on one foot, and no one is easier than me." How do you feel when you walk with tens of thousands of feet now? The grasshopper said, "That's not right. Didn't you see spitting? Spitting is as big as beads, as small as water drops, and it is mixed with countless spit. Now start the natural function walking, but I don't know why. The grasshopper said to the snake, "I walk on many feet, but you have no feet." Why? "The snake said," How can you change by acting on natural functions? "? I don't need my feet! The snake said to the wind, "I started walking with my spine and waist, but I still walked with my feet." Now you set sail roaring from the North Sea, and you roared to the South China Sea without leaving your footprints. Why? "The wind said," yes, I came to the South China Sea from the North Sea. But people stopped me with their hands, and I couldn't blow up my fingers. I can't blow off my legs and feet when they kick me. Even so, only I can break trees and overturn tall buildings, and this is the small aspect of not seeking victory, but seeking great victory. Only saints can win great victories. "When Confucius traveled to Kuang Di, wei ren surrounded him, but Confucius still insisted on playing the piano and reading. Lutz went in to see Confucius and said, "Why is your husband so happy? Confucius said, "Come, I'll tell you! I was embarrassed for a long time, but I couldn't get rid of it. This is destiny. I've been looking for a way for a long time, but it hasn't come true. This is luck. In the Yao and Shun era, there was no one down and out in the world, not because they were all smart. In the era of Jie and Zhou, no one in the world was knowledgeable, not because they were all low-minded. This is all caused by luck. It is the fisherman's courage to move in the water not to avoid evil dragons; It is the hunter's courage to act on land not to avoid rhinoceros and tiger; Swords crisscross in front of us, which is the courage of the brave to die. It is the courage of a saint to know that poverty is predestined, that it is luck to enter smoothly, and that he is fearless in the face of great difficulties. Zhong You, you'd better relax! I am destined to be controlled! "After a while, the general came in with his foot soldiers and said apologetically," Everyone regarded you as a tiger, so they surrounded you. "Now that I know that you are not a tiger, please let me apologize to you and evacuate the troops." Gong Sunlong asked Mou Wei: "When I was young, I studied the thoughts of ancient sages, and when I grew up, I understood the journey of benevolence and righteousness;" Can combine the similarities and differences of things into one, and separate the hard texture of an object from white; What can be said wrong is right, and what should not be admitted is appropriate; I think I am the most knowledgeable. I can confuse hundreds of wise men and make many eloquent speeches. Now, after listening to Zhuangzi's speech, I am at a loss. I don't know whether my argument is inferior to his or my knowledge is inferior to his. Now that I can't go on, I will take the liberty of asking you the truth. " Mou Wei sighed deeply, then looked up at the sky and said with a smile, "Haven't you heard of frogs in shallow wells? "The well frog said to the tortoise in the East China Sea,' I am so happy! I danced and played on the railing of the wellhead, and when I entered the well, I rested on the broken bricks on the wall of the well. Jumping into the water, the well water overflowed into my armpit and lifted my chin. When I stepped into the mud, the mud covered my instep. Looking back at the red worms, crabs and tadpoles in the water, no one can be as happy as me! Besides, I am happy to monopolize a pit of water and occupy a shallow well, which is also extremely satisfying. "Why don't you come to the well at any time?" The East China Sea tortoise tripped over his right knee before his left foot entered the shallow well. So he hesitated for a while, then he stepped back and told the frog in the shallow well about the sea, saying,' A thousand miles away is not enough to describe its size; A thousand miles wide is not enough to explore its depth. During the Yu Xia era, there were nine years of floods in ten years, so the sea water would not increase. In Shang Tang's time, there were seven years of drought in eight years, so the water level on the shore would not drop. It doesn't change with the length of time, and it doesn't increase or decrease with the amount of rainfall. This is the greatest happiness in the East China Sea. The frog in the shallow well was depressed and at a loss when he heard this. Besides, your intelligence is not enough to know the state of right and wrong, but you still have to observe Zhuangzi's words. This is like driving mosquitoes to carry mountains and driving horse flies into rivers. It is definitely incompetent. And your intelligence is not enough to understand extremely mysterious remarks, but you cater to those temporary victories. Isn't this like a frog in a shallow well? Moreover, Zhuangzi's thought advocates that he can reach heaven in the extreme, regardless of the north and south, he is liberated, scattered, and deep silence cannot be observed; In any case, it starts from the deep and mysterious realm and returns to the vast and accessible field. You should explore its mystery in a superficial way and seek its true meaning in argumentative words. It's just looking at the high sky with a bamboo tube and measuring the rich earth with an awl. Is it too small? You'd better go. Haven't you heard that a boy guarding the mausoleum in Yan State went to Handan, Zhao State to learn to walk? I failed to learn Zhao's skills and lost his original skills, so I finally had to climb back. Now if you don't leave me as soon as possible, you will forget your original skills and lose your original studies. "Hearing these words, Gong Sunlong opened his mouth wide, didn't close properly, held his tongue high, couldn't put it down, and ran away. Zhuangzi was fishing by the Pushui River. The king of Chu first sent two ministers to pay tribute and said, "The king of Chu is willing to entrust you with domestic affairs, which is very tiring for you." Zhuangzi looked at the end of the fishing rod without looking back and said, "I heard that there was a tortoise in the State of Chu, which has been dead for 3,000 years. King Chu put it in a bamboo box, covered it with a towel, and treasured it in an ancestral hall. Would this turtle rather die to show his dignity so as to leave a skeleton, or would he rather live and drag his tail in the mud? " The two ministers said, "I'd rather drag my tail and live in muddy water." Zhuangzi said, "Go! I will still drag my tail and live in muddy water. " Keiko served as prime minister in Liang, and Zhuangzi visited him. Someone said to Keiko, "Zhuangzi came to Liang to replace you as prime minister." So Keiko panicked and found Zhuangzi in Beijing for three days and three nights. Zhuangzi visited Keiko and said, "There is a kind of bird in the south. Its name is seagull? Do you know that?/You know what? The bighead fish flies from the South China Sea to the North Sea. Unless it's a buttonwood tree, it won't stop, unless it's a bamboo fruit, it won't eat, unless it's a sweet spring, it won't drink. Just then, an eagle found a rotten mouse, and the stork just flew through the air. The eagle looked up at the stork and made an angry voice: fear! Are you trying to piss me off with your Guo Liang now? "Zhuangzi and Keiko play together on the Haoshui Bridge. Zhuangzi said: "How leisurely the white mackerel swims, which is the happiness of the fish." Keiko said, "If you are not a fish, how do you know the happiness of the fish? "Zhuangzi said," If you are not me, how do you know that I don't know the happiness of fish? "Keiko said," I'm not you, although I don't know you; You are not a fish, you don't know the happiness of fish, which is completely certain. " Zhuangzi said, "let's stick to the previous words. You just said' how do you know the happiness of fish', that is, you already know that I know the happiness of fish. Ask me, I know the happiness of fish on a good water bridge. "