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Forms of health education activities for infectious diseases
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How to write the health education of septic shock?
Severe infection, especially gram-negative bacterial infection, can often cause septic shock. Septic shock, also known as septic shock, refers to septic shock syndrome caused by microorganisms and their toxins. Microorganisms and their toxins, cell wall products, etc. Infected lesions invade the blood circulation, activate various cells and humoral systems of the host, produce cytokines and endogenous mediators, and act on various organs and systems of the body, affecting their perfusion, leading to tissue ischemia and hypoxia, metabolic disorder, dysfunction and even multiple organ failure.
Except for a few cases of high-output and low-resistance shock (warm shock), most patients have symptoms of sympathetic nerve excitement, but they are still conscious, but they are agitated, anxious and nervous, pale in complexion and skin, slightly cyanotic in lips and nail bed, and their limbs are wet and cold. It may cause nausea and vomiting. Decreased urine output. Increased heart rate, shortness of breath, normal or low blood pressure, and low pulse pressure. Examination of fundus and nailfold microcirculation showed arterial spasm. With the development of shock, the patient is fidgety or unconscious, with shallow breathing, dark heart sound and slow pulse, which disappears with a little press. Superficial vein collapses, blood pressure drops, and systolic blood pressure drops below 10.6kPa(80mmHg). In patients with essential hypertension, the blood pressure is 20% ~ 30% lower than the basic level, and the pulse pressure is low. The skin is wet and cold, cyanosis, and there is little or no urine. DIC and organ failure may occur in the late stage of shock, and intractable hypotension and extensive bleeding (skin, mucosa and/or viscera, intra-cavity bleeding) often occur. The main symptoms of multiple organ failure are: ① acute renal failure; ② Acute cardiac insufficiency; ③ Acute lung failure; ④ Brain dysfunction; ⑤ Gastrointestinal dysfunction; ⑥ Coma and jaundice caused by liver failure.
How to write the health education of septic shock?
Hello, pay attention to psychological nursing, grasp the patient's psychological state, patiently enlighten and comfort, cooperate with their relatives to eliminate bad factors, enhance the confidence of patients to overcome diseases, make them actively cooperate with treatment and nursing, and promote physical recovery. Pay attention to liquid and semi-liquid diets with rich nutrition, light weight and easy digestion, such as fish soup, sparerib soup, porridge and milk, which should be warm.
What are the health education for the prognosis of hemorrhagic shock?
The treatment of hemorrhagic shock should be aimed at the basic diseases. If the cause of blood loss can be completely solved, it can be cured after blood transfusion and rehydration. There is nothing special in the later period. Pay attention to rest, exercise properly, strengthen nutrition and gradually return to normal.
What health publicity and education are there for the health education of patients with six diseases?
1. What is the meaning of health?
Health means that physical, psychological and social adaptability is in good condition.
Second, what is the significance of health education?
Health education is to promote people to consciously adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyles, eliminate or reduce risk factors that affect health, prevent diseases, promote health and improve the quality of life through planned, organized and systematic social education activities.
The core of health education is to educate people to establish health awareness, urge people to change unhealthy behavior lifestyle and develop good behavior lifestyle, so as to reduce or eliminate risk factors affecting health. Through health education, we can help people understand which behaviors affect their health and consciously choose healthy behaviors and lifestyles.
Second, what is the purpose of health education?
1, improve people's health and let individuals and groups achieve health goals;
2. Improve and maintain health;
3. Prevent the occurrence of abnormal deaths, diseases and disabilities;
4, improve interpersonal relationships, enhance people's self-care ability, make them get rid of superstition, abandon bad habits, develop good hygiene habits, and advocate a civilized, healthy and scientific lifestyle.
3. What are the common behaviors and lifestyles that are harmful to health?
Smoking, alcoholism, bad eating habits, lack of physical exercise, narrow-mindedness, sex, etc.
4. What are the eight behaviors that are harmful to health?
1, smoking;
2. Excessive drinking;
3. Improper medication;
4. Lack of regular physical exercise, or sudden excessive exercise;
5, too many calories or too salty diet, uncontrolled diet;
6. Do not accept scientific and reasonable medical treatment;
7. Adverse reaction to social pressure;
8. Lifestyle that destroys the biological rhythm of the body.
Spring disease prevention knowledge
In spring, the temperature is changeable, the climate is changeable, the temperature is unstable and windy, and pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses will take the opportunity to wreak havoc, which will easily lead to the prevalence of some respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, meningitis, chickenpox and rubella. At the same time, unstable climate will often make people's mood fluctuate, affect people's endocrine and biological clock, and lead to cardiovascular and mental diseases. In addition, spring blossoms, all kinds of pollen, particles, dust mites, etc. floating in the air are easy to induce allergic reactions of allergic people, causing allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, measles and so on. We should do a good job of prevention in time:
1, people with allergies should not bask in the sun too much, and they can be protected by sunscreen. Take essential balm with you when you go out to play, and wipe it to prevent insects. Just look at flowers like peach blossoms. Don't touch pollen with your hands to avoid allergies.
2, pay attention to keep indoor air circulation, towels, bedding to often bask in the sun, eat more fruits and vegetables, vitamin C and B supplements, eat less spicy * * *. Strengthen nutrition, exercise and improve human immunity. Children should be vaccinated on time.
3. Maintain good living habits and interpersonal relationships and enrich your life. Ensure a good sleep, maintain a good mental state and don't disturb the biological clock. If you find abnormal living habits and mental state, consult a specialist in time.
4. Patients with cardiovascular diseases should reduce strenuous exercise and control their diet. Keep warm properly according to the weather changes, and there are certain rules in daily life. If the elderly have cardiovascular diseases, they should always measure their blood pressure and blood lipids and should not take part in strenuous exercise. Eat less meat and more fruits and vegetables, and advocate a low-fat low-sodium low-sugar diet.
Rabies prevention and control knowledge
Rabies, also known as rabies, is an acute infectious disease caused by rabies virus, which mainly invades the central nervous system. There are mainly clinical symptoms such as fear of water, wind, light and sound, and the mortality rate is almost 100%. Animals such as dogs and cats carrying rabies virus and people suffering from rabies are the main sources of infection, and they are infected by biting, scratching the skin or licking mucous membranes.
In addition, the incubation period of rabies varies. According to relevant data, the shortest time is 5 days, the longest time is 19 years or longer, and the average time is 1-3 months.
The most effective way to prevent rabies is to vaccinate cats and dogs. Dogs over 3 months old should be vaccinated. After a person is bitten, the wound should be treated first. Don't stop bleeding first, let the blood flow out, then rinse repeatedly with 20% soapy water or11000-1/500 bromogeramine solution 10-20 minutes, and then rinse with plenty of water10 minutes. Then immediately go to the CDC and fill it with rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin. Generally speaking, the deeper the bitten wound, the more serious it is, and the closer it is to the head and face, the more dangerous it is. Need to inject rabies vaccine and immune serum immediately.
Influenza prevention and control knowledge
Influenza is a respiratory infectious disease, which is highly contagious and spreads quickly. As influenza is a viral infectious disease, there is no specific treatment, so preventive measures are very important. Experts put forward the following suggestions to the public:
● Maintain good personal and environmental hygiene, wash your hands frequently, use soap or hand sanitizer and run water, and do not wipe your hands with dirty towels. Wash your hands immediately after contact with respiratory secretions (such as sneezing).
● Cover your nose and mouth with a handkerchief or paper towel when sneezing or coughing to avoid droplets polluting others; Influenza patients wear masks at home or when they go out to avoid infecting others.
● Eat a balanced diet, exercise moderately, get enough rest and avoid excessive fatigue.
● Open more windows for ventilation every day (avoid ventilation in winter) to keep the indoor air fresh; During the high incidence of influenza, try not to go to places with dense people and dirty air; You'd better wear a mask when necessary.
Vaccination before the flu season can also reduce the chance of infection or relieve flu symptoms.
● Misunderstanding of influenza prevention and treatment:
1, take vitamins to fight the flu. There is no doubt that various vitamins have many benefits. But they can't keep people away from flu. Comprehensive treatment, including antiviral drugs and various vitamins, is the most ideal treatment.
2, outdoor can reduce the risk of influenza. This statement is not entirely correct, because we often meet many people outdoors, such as in the street, and it is entirely possible that there are flu patients among them. As for fresh outdoor air and relatively low risk of influenza transmission, that is another matter. If a large number of people gather in a closed place, the risk of influenza transmission will be hundreds of times higher.
Prevention and treatment of AIDS
The medical name of AIDS is "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" (AIDS for short), which is a serious infectious disease with high mortality. "AIDS" is the transliteration of its English abbreviation "AIDS". It is a syndrome of a series of complex symptoms caused by human immunodeficiency virus infection, but it can be prevented for individuals. The main preventive measures are:
(1) No premarital sex;
(2) Do not take drugs in any way;
(3) Don't accept blood transfusion and blood products easily. (Ask the hospital to provide blood and blood products tested for HIV when necessary);
(4) Do not share needles, needles, gauze, cotton wool and other appliances with others;
(5) Do not go to medical institutions or other places where disinfection is not strict, such as injections, tooth extraction, ear piercing, tattoos, eyebrow tattoos, acupuncture or surgery;
(6) Avoid contact with the blood of the injured during daily rescue;
(7) Don't share instruments that may puncture the skin with others, such as toothbrushes, razors and electric razors.
First, common infectious diseases
According to the main transmission routes of infectious diseases, they are divided into the following categories:
1. Intestinal infectious diseases: cholera (No.2 disease), dysentery, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, hepatitis E, polio, infectious diarrhea, etc.
2. Respiratory infectious diseases: SARS, tuberculosis, influenza, measles, meningitis, mumps, daytime cough, diphtheria, scarlet fever, rubella, etc.
3. Blood-borne infectious diseases: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, AIDS, etc.
4. Insect-borne and natural infectious diseases: plague, rabies, leptospirosis, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, dengue fever, leishmaniasis, etc.
5. Others: anthrax, brucellosis, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (pink eye), etc.
Second, the basic characteristics of infectious diseases
1, pathogens: including bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, spirochetes, protozoa, worms, etc.
2. Infectious: Patients with infectious diseases must be treated in isolation;
3. There are epidemiological characteristics: the onset time, area and population of different infectious diseases have their own distribution characteristics;
4, there is post-infection immunity: after the human body is infected with pathogens, the body will produce corresponding antibodies to resist the same pathogens.
Third, prevent intestinal infectious diseases.
(1) What is an intestinal infectious disease?
Intestinal infectious diseases are a group of diseases transmitted through the digestive tract. Common diseases include typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, bacillary dysentery, cholera, pneumonia A, bacterial food poisoning and so on. The pathogens of patients with intestinal infectious diseases are discharged from the feces and vomit of patients and pathogen carriers, polluting the surrounding environment, and then entering the gastrointestinal tract through the mouth through water, food, hands, flies, cockroaches and other media, multiplying in the human body, producing toxins and causing diseases, and constantly discharging pathogens to infect other healthy people.
(B) the route of transmission of intestinal infectious diseases
1. Water-borne transmission Because the drinking water source is discharged into the water by the feces and vomit of patients and pathogen carriers, or the clothes, utensils and hands of patients are washed, the water source is polluted, which can cause outbreaks of diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever and bacillary dysentery.
2. Contamination by pathogens of intestinal infectious diseases during food processing, storage, production, transportation and sales can cause local epidemics and outbreaks.
3. Contact transmission causes the spread of pathogens by shaking hands, using or touching patients' clothes, stationery, door fittings, door handles, RMB, etc.
4, insect transmission Some pathogens of intestinal infectious diseases can survive in the human body for a period of time and spread through insects such as flies and cockroaches that move around.
(3) Preventive measures
The key to prevent intestinal infectious diseases is to control the disease from the mouth, pay attention to the hygiene of diet and drinking water, develop good hygiene habits and do a good job in prevention.
1, actively carry out patriotic health campaign, strengthen sanitary management of feces, garbage and sewage, and mobilize the masses to kill flies and cockroaches.
2. Pay attention to food hygiene. Do not eat rotten food, eat raw vegetables, melons and fruits must be washed and scalded, leftovers should be cooked before eating, and tableware should be disinfected frequently. Food service industry, food processing and sales units and collective canteens should conscientiously implement the food hygiene law.
3. Do a good job in drinking water hygiene. Drink boiled water instead of raw water. Protect water sources and prevent pollution. Drinking utensils should be disinfected regularly to ensure drinking water hygiene.
4. Pay attention to personal hygiene. Form the habit of washing hands before and after meals. I often cut my nails and change clothes. Canteen and catering staff should pay more attention to personal hygiene, regular physical examination, found infectious diseases should be promptly transferred from their posts.
Fourth, prevent respiratory infectious diseases.
(1) Infectious atypical pneumonia
1, the main manifestations: acute onset, with fever as the first symptom, body temperature generally exceeding 38℃, accompanied by chills, joint pain, muscle pain, fatigue, diarrhea, generally no nasal congestion, runny nose, cough, mostly dry cough, scanty phlegm, chest tightness, and severe cases of accelerated breathing or difficulty breathing.
2. Transmission route: mainly through close contact with patients, but also through contact with patients' sputum, tracheal secretions, feces or contaminated items.
3. Preventive measures: keep the living and workplace ventilated; Pay attention to personal hygiene and wash your hands frequently (with soap, hand sanitizer and tap water); No contact with patients or suspected patients.
(2) Meningitis
1, the main manifestations are: acute onset, high fever, severe headache, vomiting, petechiae and ecchymosis on skin and mucosa, and a few severe cases may cause shock, coma or even death.
2, the route of transmission: mainly through coughing, sneezing and other droplets directly spread from the air.
3, prevention methods: vaccination against meningitis; Do a good job in environmental sanitation, keep indoor ventilation, and try to avoid going to crowded public places and not contacting patients.
(3) Influenza
1, the main manifestations: acute onset, chills, fever, headache, general weakness and soreness. The elderly, children and other patients with weak constitution may have symptoms such as pneumonia, severe cough and shortness of breath.
2. Transmission route: mainly through droplets.
3. Preventive measures: do a good job in environmental sanitation, keep indoor ventilation, try to avoid going to crowded public places and not contacting patients; Develop good personal hygiene habits and wash your hands frequently; Strengthening exercise and using cold water on your nose when washing your face every day can improve your resistance and increase your adaptability to the cold. Get a flu shot.
(4) Measles
1, mainly manifested as fever, general malaise, loss of appetite, cough, sneezing, runny nose, conjunctival congestion, photophobia, tears, spots and rashes on oral mucosa, etc.
2. Transmission route: it is mainly transmitted directly through droplets.
3, prevention methods: vaccination against measles; Do a good job in environmental sanitation, keep indoor ventilation, and try to avoid going to crowded public places and not contacting patients.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) to prevent blood-borne infectious diseases
Viral hepatitis
1, type: hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E, etc.
2, the main performance:
(1) acute hepatitis: acute onset, chills, fever, general weakness, aversion to oil, nausea, vomiting, yellow staining of skin and sclera;
(2) Chronic hepatitis: fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, diarrhea, liver discomfort, etc.
3. Transmission path:
(1) Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E: mainly transmitted through the intestine, that is, infected by eating food or water contaminated by virus;
(2) Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and hepatitis D: mainly transmitted through blood, but also through blood transfusion, unsafe injection and hemodialysis, or transmitted from mother to newborn.
4, prevention methods:
(1) Vaccination of hepatitis A and hepatitis B can effectively prevent hepatitis A and hepatitis B;
(2) Develop good hygiene habits, wash your hands before and after meals, do not eat cold and spoiled food, store raw and cooked food separately, keep leftover food completely hot (especially in hot weather), and don't eat in unsanitary stalls and restaurants casually to prevent diseases from entering your mouth.
(3) Use disposable syringes and do not share needles (including acupuncture) with others; Try to avoid blood transfusion and use blood products; Women suffering from hepatitis B or carrying hepatitis B virus should strengthen the protection of their babies during delivery to avoid transmission to their children, and inject hepatitis B high-titer immunoglobulin within 24 hours after birth; Do not touch the patient's blood and articles contaminated by blood; Do not share utensils, washing utensils, razors, etc. With the patient.
Transmission and prevention of natural infectious diseases by insect vectors with intransitive verbs
(1) rabies
1, mainly manifested as itching, pain, numbness, ants walking around the wound healed by dogs or other animals in the early stage, and then patients developed symptoms such as fear of water, wind, light and sound, and most of them died of respiratory and circulatory failure.
2. Transmission route: It is mainly caused by being bitten or scratched by dogs, cats or other animals with rabies virus.
3. Prevention: Avoid being bitten or scratched by dogs. After being bitten or scratched by a dog, immediately wash the wound with 20% soapy water for more than half an hour, and go to the animal bite clinic (health and epidemic prevention station) of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention for further treatment of the wound and vaccination against rabies within 24 hours. Don't take it lightly. Rabies can be prevented and cured.
What are the main health education for seven key diseases?
Health education for key diseases mainly includes:
1, for common chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, asthma, apoplexy (apoplexy sequelae),
Health guidance should be given from lifestyle, rational drug use and exercise therapy.
2. Health education for women's common tumors such as breast cancer and cervical cancer, such as self-care, participation in general survey, early detection, early diagnosis and active treatment.
3. Health education for common infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitis, AIDS and influenza, mainly from the aspects of understanding and preventing the spread of diseases.