Basic Introduction Title: Ideological and Political Education, also known as Ideological and Political Education Author: Zhang Yaocan, Wu, Original Title: Ideological and Political Education: Law Press: Higher Education Press: Ideological and Political Education: Describe the scientific characteristics that guide people to form correct thoughts and behaviors: research direction, description research method, research direction, research method, ideological and political education, research object, pioneering realm, main content, pedagogy principle. Ideological and political education is the primary content of China's spiritual civilization construction, and it is also one of the main ways to solve social contradictions and problems. Ideological and political education is not only very important but also difficult to do. Especially under the condition of market economy, China's ideological and political work is relatively weak and can't adapt to the development of modern society. There are many reasons for the ineffective ideological and political work, but one of the important reasons is that we have neglected personality education and cultivation for a long time. I believe that personality education is the basis of ideological and political education. Without this foundation, ideological and political education is like duckweed without roots, always drifting on the surface of people's thoughts and not going deep. The reasons are as follows: First, personality is the stable psychological basis for the formation of life values. People's values must be unified and stable, which requires a person's psychological process and personality form to be unified and stable. Otherwise, a divided personality can only produce the concept of division. Second, personality is the internal psychological basis for forming a specific world outlook and outlook on life. World outlook is the understanding of the world. Although the correct world outlook comes from the correct theoretical guidance and study, if there is no benign personality form as the internal psychological basis, it is difficult to instill external ideas. Third, personality is the main driving force to form a specific moral quality. Personality has the characteristics of quality. Therefore, once personality is formed, people have corresponding internal textures, and different textures will adapt to different moral tendencies. A benign personality is naturally easy to establish a benign moral quality. Of course, these basic functions of personality are not absolute, but often relative. At the same time, it also influences and transforms people's values, world outlook, outlook on life and moral consciousness. Therefore, personality has both unity and stability, differentiation and variability, and these characteristics also determine that benign personality is not easy to develop. In a word, the personality state can be said to be a subtle, hidden and primitive ideological and moral state, and ideological and moral is often a developed, stereotyped, mature and explicit personality expression. Research direction Personality is the result of people's socialization, which is generally understood as a psychological trait of personality. Personality is closely related to people's innate endowment, but it is also closely related to the acquired living environment, habit formation and education, and also related to specific national culture. Therefore, personality is actually the unity of human common culture and individual psychological characteristics, and the cultivation of personality is not only a sign of personal growth, but also a sign of national character. Generally speaking, the content of personality education and cultivation mainly includes the following aspects: First, the cultivation of daily habits, including the daily behavior of walking, sitting and lying down and the mastery of speech. Good daily habits are the basis of good morality. The concept of "etiquette" in traditional culture in daily life education is the requirement of developing good habits. Second, the development of lifestyle includes the attitude towards food, clothing, housing and transportation and the requirement of neatness. The cultivation of healthy lifestyle is the beginning of forming healthy values and outlook on life. In this regard, people should be educated to develop a simple, thrifty, material, quiet and hygienic lifestyle, and oppose and abandon the concepts of luxury, erosion, waste and excess. Third, the cultivation of psychological tendency is mainly extroversion or introversion. Generally speaking, extroverted psychological tendency is easy to accept new things, but there are also problems that ideas are easy to fluctuate and change; Introverts tend to be stable and seek common ground while reserving differences, but they are rigid and inflexible. Good psychological orientation education should probably seek a "neutral" state between the two. At the same time, in terms of psychological tendency, we should also pay attention to cultivating people's independent temperament and ability, and combine this temperament with the consciousness of "obedience" in observing social norms and public authority, instead of blindly thinking that independence is good and obedience is wrong. On the other hand, under the circumstances that life in modern society is generally rich, we should keep in mind the lesson of "being born with worries", train teenagers with appropriate setbacks, and cultivate their spirit of suffering, courage to face difficulties and perseverance to overcome setbacks. Fourth, the cultivation of interpersonal habits, interpersonal habits do not refer to interpersonal relationships in the general sense, but to a natural tendency of people to cultivate interpersonal relationships, which is a manifestation of personality, that is, an internal interpersonal natural force, without artificial power. Generally speaking, interpersonal habits can be divided into two types: harmonious habits such as being good at coordination, tolerance, forbearance, compromise and cooperation. And antagonistic habits such as competition, competition, demanding, attack, division, struggle, isolation and self-isolation. These two habits are closely related to the cultivation of people's moral behavior and ideology. Generally speaking, the goal of personality cultivation should be to educate and cultivate people's harmonious habits, not to eliminate antagonistic habits. Even in the cultivation of adult personality, confrontation can only be used as a temporary interpersonal relationship or working means, and should not become a personality habit. Otherwise, interpersonal relationships in society will deteriorate, and confrontation and struggle between people will be inevitable. To achieve this, we should pay attention to overcoming the incorrect views of "self-awareness" and "self-worth" in modern ideological concepts, inherit and cultivate the traditional spiritual realm of "selflessness", eliminate people's egocentrism, and strive to make people achieve the realm of being a pure person, a noble person and a dedicated person. If the research method really pays attention to the ideological and moral construction of society, it must pay attention to the personality cultivation of citizens. Families, schools and society should all see this. However, in the past, our ideological and political work often spent energy on positive and explicit education and external indoctrination, and rarely deepened ideological and political work from the perspective of personality and human psychology, which made ideological and political work lose its daily and subtle effect. Therefore, we must fundamentally change the methods of personality cultivation and ideological and moral education and give full play to the advantages and benefits of ideological and political education. This paper only puts forward some methods that should be paid attention to from the perspective of personality cultivation, so as to arouse everyone's thinking: First, personality education must be combined with external indoctrination and human consciousness development. From the sociological point of view, external indoctrination is a process of social education, and the process of human consciousness is an internalized process. Only by external indoctrination, regardless of how many personality elements and ideas are internalized by the society, personality cultivation is empty talk. China's traditional education attaches great importance to cultivating people's consciousness from an early age, and advocates establishing self-consciousness through "cultivation", which is an effective method worthy of our reference today. Second, we should adopt the method of daily education, so that the content of personality education can be closely combined with people's daily life, and then people's habits can be formed. China culture teaches children to "sweep, cope, advance and retreat" from childhood, which is to cultivate children's personality consciousness through labor, speech and etiquette. Western society also attaches great importance to people starting from childhood, starting from small things, and cultivating personality and ideological and moral character from the dribs and drabs of daily life. For example, westerners pay attention to cultivating children's independent living ability and reducing their dependence; Educate children to care for every grass and tree and the environment, so as to cultivate their basic feelings of loving their family and patriotism. We should actively absorb these good educational methods. Thirdly, we must adopt the method of induced education to avoid the adverse effects of compulsory education. The formation of personality should be natural, so should the cultivation of morality. Educators should give priority to induction and gradually guide the educated to establish a benign personality. Compulsory education is based on threats and sanctions against people, which is not in line with people's respect and reasonable psychology, so it should be used with caution. Fourth, we should adopt heuristic education methods to enable the educated to establish a benign personality in a state of self-reflection. Personality education, ideological education and cultural education, we should try our best to stimulate the exploration enthusiasm and thinking habits of the educated. When the educated think about life and social problems to the critical state of "anger" and "depression", the educators can "enlighten" them at the right time, so that the educated can wake up from now on and think hard. Fifth, we should use intangible education to set the daily words and deeds of educators as examples and standards for the educated, so that the educated can be unconsciously influenced and infected by good personality and ideological and moral character, and then establish a personality and ideological and moral character consistent with the educators. The so-called "like father, like son" just shows the great influence of parents' natural "role models". In school education, students often regard teachers as the norm of life and the embodiment of society. Teachers' words and deeds are silently infecting students. In society, the words and deeds of powerful people are also "hinting" at the people around them: how people should live, how to work and how to be human. It can be seen that the effect of intangible education is often greater than that of tangible education, just as the moistening of spring rain is often more conducive to the growth of all things than the scouring of heavy rain. To achieve this, it depends on the high-quality cultivation of educators. In the final analysis, educators also have a problem of continuous education, self-education and continuous improvement. This also shows that personality education is socialized, ideological and political education is socialized, and the formation of good ideological and moral fashion in the whole society depends on the improvement of everyone's personality and ideological and moral quality and their mutual influence. This is exactly a sentence in the Book of Rites University: "From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, self-cultivation is the foundation". The research object of ideological and political education is the science that guides people to form correct thoughts and behaviors. It takes the formation and change law of people's thoughts and behaviors and the law of implementing ideological and political education as the research object. Among them, the transformation of people's thoughts, viewpoints and positions, as well as the formation law of outlook on life and world are the focus of the study. Ideological and political education is a complex network system, and its research objects mainly include: (1) studying human physiological and psychological factors, studying the development process of need-motivation-behavior, and revealing the development law of people's own thoughts and behaviors. (2) To study the relationship between universal and complex social factors and the formation and development of educational objects' outlook on life and world, and to reveal and explore the cross-dimensional role of social environment on educational objects and how to adjust the dynamic role of educational objects when they are affected by the environment. (3) Study the management system and leadership function of ideological and political education, study the quality of ideological and political educators, and study how ideological and political education penetrates into the business field, promote the cooperation of society, schools and families, and form a joint force of education. Second, the law of people's ideological and behavioral activities. People's thinking and behavior are the result of the interaction between individuals and the environment. Social environment produces people's needs and demands, and motivation dominates people's behavior. Some behavior results can feedback, adjust demand, strengthen motivation and re-dominate people's behavior. This periodic movement embodies the interaction and mutual restriction of various ideological factors and forms the process of people's ideological activities. Third, the law of the implementation of ideological and political education. Following the law of the formation and development of people's thoughts and behaviors, ideological and political education should start with people's actual performance, analyze the ideological motivation that dominates actions, and then analyze the objective external conditions that produce thoughts from the ideological motivation, and then create and change the external environment according to the requirements of ideological and political education, so as to make it have the external conditions that produce good ideological motivation, thus prompting people to form good ideological motivation and helping people adopt scientific methods to strive for the best possible action effect. It is an important law of ideological and political education to change the objective external conditions that cause needs, master people's needs, change motivation and control behavior. Can the course "Basic Principles of Marxism" in the new realm become a "signature course" in students' minds? Teacher Jia Fengzi gave a beautiful answer with her own practice. As we all know, the ideological and political theory course in colleges and universities is the main channel and position for ideological and political education for college students, which is very important for college students who are forming world outlook, outlook on life and values. However, inevitably, many college students regard the ideological and political theory course as a boring "credit course". Jia Fengzi, a teacher of ideological and political course, replied: As long as the knowledge is true, the classroom is true and the students' feelings are true, the ideological and political course can also become a popular course that enlightens the soul and affects the soul. Jia Fengzi's success first stems from the truth she knows. After the reform and opening up, our party creatively applied the basic theories and methods of Marxism, and combined them with reality, forming a large number of innovative theories. These theoretical innovations highlight the quality of keeping pace with the times of Marxism and open up a new realm of Marxist development. How to understand and spread these innovative theories requires educators to conduct in-depth research in combination with history and reality. We can see that in the past 28 years, Jia Fengzi has never given up the research and study of theory, never given up the pursuit of truth, never relaxed his concern for practical problems, and finally exchanged the "truth" of learning for students' "thorough" understanding of theory. Jia Fengzi's success also stems from her "truth". In class, she can always simplify complex theories and explain boring content vividly. She leads students to discuss practical problems and think about social phenomena, and analyzes and debates the roots and solutions of social problems with Marxist innovative theory. "Three minutes on the stage, ten years off the stage", behind the success in class is Jia Fengzi's massive historical materials and case preparation, painstaking research and innovative teaching methods, and more from his lofty sense of responsibility for classroom teaching. Jia Fengzi's success also stems from the "truth" of her feelings. Education is not only to give students knowledge, but also to give them correct life guidance. The most effective education is actually to stimulate students' spiritual motivation and ideological vitality from the spiritual level. To do this, educators need to guide students' outlook on life and values with very sincere feelings. Jia Fengzi approaches students' hearts with true feelings and lives with love. Jia Fengzi is not only a teacher in students' class, but also a friend in their life and even a "mother". Seriously study and study Marxist innovation theory, Jia Fengzi put all her talents and * * * into the university classroom, turning the truth into a trickle, nourishing students' hearts and guiding them in the right direction. She told us with practical actions that as long as we are willing to work hard and truly feel, we will certainly be able to create a new realm of ideological and political education, and we will certainly be able to influence the hearts of every student with knowledge and truth. The Education Law stipulates that the state shall educate the educated in patriotism, team spirit and socialism, as well as ideals, morality, discipline, legal system, national defense and national unity. Education should inherit and carry forward the excellent historical and cultural traditions of the Chinese nation and absorb all the outstanding achievements of the development of human civilization. These are the main contents of ideological and political education, and each content can be divided into many aspects. Patriotism education mainly includes the education of the Chinese nation's long history and excellent traditional culture, the education of the Party's basic line and achievements in socialist modernization, the education of China's national conditions, the education of socialist democracy and legal system, and the education of peaceful reunification and the policy of one country, two systems. Teamwork education includes the education of respecting, caring and understanding others, and the education of unity and cooperation among collective members; Education serves the collective and safeguards the collective honor; Education that cares about society and contributes to the public welfare of hometown and society; Education correctly handles the relationship between individual, collective and national interests; Teamwork-oriented life values education. Socialist education includes education on the law of social development; Economic common sense education in socialist modernization: theoretical education. Through education, students can correctly understand the Party's basic line, support the Party's leadership and adhere to the Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road. Ideal education includes life ideal education, moral ideal education, professional ideal education and social ideal education. The core of ideal education is to cultivate students' dedication and firm belief in socialist modernization. Ideal education should be combined with world outlook and outlook on life education, and with scientific belief education, so that students can establish correct social, life and career ideals and goals. Moral education includes the excellent traditional moral education of the Chinese nation; Social morality education and the cultivation of moral judgment ability: socialist moral education; Professional ethics and environmental ethics education. Discipline and legal education includes the education of the Constitution and relevant legal knowledge and regulations; Know the law and abide by the law, maintain social stability, use legal weapons to protect themselves, and resist violations of law and discipline. It is necessary for students to establish the concept of socialist democracy and legal system, cultivate students to consciously abide by the law, be brave in fighting against illegal phenomena, obey the unified will of the state and the collective, and have a high degree of organization and discipline. National defense education includes the education of national defense awareness and national security awareness; Education to defend the independence of the motherland and safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity; Military-civilian unity education and military basic training for students in ordinary colleges and high schools. Enhance students' awareness of national defense and national security, make them have basic military qualities and skills, and consciously defend the dignity, independence and unity of the motherland. The education of national unity includes the education of establishing Marxist national view and religious view; Education of the Party's ethnic and religious policies; Education on the history of national unity. It is necessary for students to understand China's national unity policy and religious policy, establish the idea that all ethnic groups are equal, and consciously safeguard national unity and the reunification of the motherland. The Chinese nation has a long history and splendid culture of 5,000 years. Therefore, we should always persist in inheriting and carrying forward the excellent historical and cultural traditions handed down from generation to generation and accumulated in educational activities for a long time. At the same time, efforts should be made to absorb all the achievements of the development of human civilization and all foreign cultures that have a positive effect on China's economic and social development, especially advanced science and technology, universally applicable economic management and other management experience, advanced educational ideas and methods, excellent literature and art, cultural concepts, civilized and healthy lifestyles and habits. , should be actively absorbed.
Main discipline of professional knowledge: law: political science professional name: ideological and political education business training objectives: this major trains professionals with basic Marxist theory and professional knowledge of ideological and political education who can engage in ideological and political work in party and government organs, schools, enterprises and institutions. Business training requirements: Students in this major mainly study the basic theories and knowledge of Marxism, ideology, theory and ideological and political education, receive the basic training of professional skills and methods of ideological and political education, and master the basic ability to engage in ideological and political work. Graduates should have the following knowledge and abilities: 1. Master the basic theory and knowledge of ideological and political education; 2. Master the basic principles of Marxism and scientific analysis methods; 3. Have the basic ability to engage in ideological and political work; 4. Understand the relevant principles, policies and regulations of the party and the state; 5. Understand the theoretical frontier and development trend of ideological and political education; 6 master the basic methods of file retrieval and data query, and have certain scientific research and working ability. Main subjects: political science and education. Main courses: theoretical basis of Marxist ideological and political education, ideological and political moral education, history of People's Republic of China (PRC), ethics, pedagogy, management, psychological basis, history of ideological and political education, case analysis of ideological and political education, etc. Main practical teaching links: including social investigation, professional practice and ideological and political work practice (such as student political counselors, young pioneers counselors, etc.). ). Length of study: four years. Degree award: Bachelor of Law or Education. General Requirements of Pedagogy Principles This course requires candidates to understand the subject characteristics, development history and research status of ideological and political education, master basic concepts, and be able to analyze and solve theoretical and practical problems by using the basic principles and methods of ideological and political education. Examination content 1, Introduction: Concept analysis of ideological and political education; The research object of ideological and political education; The research content and characteristics of ideological and political education; Methods and significance of ideological and political education research. 2. Inheritance and reference of ideological and political education: correctly handle the relationship between inheritance and reference, development and innovation; Develop and utilize the resources of social ideological and moral education of the exploiting class; The establishment and development of proletarian ideological and political education. 3. Theoretical basis of ideological and political education: Marxism is the theoretical basis of ideological and political education; The main theoretical basis of ideological and political education. 4. The category of ideological and political education: thought and behavior: educators and educatees; Internalization and externalization; Guide and guide; Education and management; Material encouragement and spiritual encouragement. 5. The process and law of ideological and political education: the formation, development and law of ideological and political morality: the structure and characteristics of the ideological and political education process; The process and law of ideological and political education. 6. The position and function of ideological and political education. 7. Ideological and political education environment: the characteristics and functions of ideological and political education environment: the influence of ideological and political education environment; Optimization of ideological and political education environment. 8. Understanding and research on the object of ideological and political education-the significance and methods of understanding the object of education: the analysis of the characteristics of the object of education; The core object of ideological and political education. 9. The goal and content of ideological and political education: the basis of establishing the goal: the type and characteristics of the goal; The content and experiment of the target; Contents of ideological and political education. 10, the mechanism, principle and method of ideological and political education. 1 1. Ideological and political education evaluation: the meaning, characteristics and functions of ideological and political education evaluation: the construction of evaluation index system of ideological and political education: the adjustment mechanism of ideological and political education evaluation; The development trend of ideological and political education evaluation. 12, team building of ideological and political education: the importance of strengthening the team building of ideological and political education; The structure and function of ideological and political education team; The quality of ideological and political education team and its cultivation: the selection and management of ideological and political education team. Exam type 1. Test type: noun explanation, short answer and essay question 2. Proportion: short answer questions (90 points); Essay (60 points) Examination format The examination content is written, and the examination time is three hours (full mark 150 points).