Second: exploratory requirements, which is one of the important characteristics of special education. The educational methods for autistic children must be carefully designed, scientifically organized and conscientiously implemented according to the characteristics of their physical and mental development and the troubles caused by diseases.
Third, according to the requirements of social adaptability, the development education of social adaptability of children with special needs, whether exceptional or special, should be the first.
Fourthly, individualized education needs teachers, who are the designers and organizers of individualized education. Personalized education requires teachers to make full use of the knowledge and research methods of pedagogy, psychology, sociology, behavior, ethics, statistics, social science, natural science and social science, and combine them effectively. It is also necessary to master the general methods of education evaluation and formulate personalized education plans. Program teaching arranges the selected teaching materials into many small units according to the progress. Educated people can teach themselves. Check the teaching effect through the teaching machine and get the answers to difficult questions. Program teaching can automatically adjust learning activities and provide favorable conditions for individual learning.
There is an "ultra-short course" in Britain, which is a brand-new course, with the guiding ideology of procedural teaching principle and clear purpose. Often around solving a specific problem, with the help of various media, learners can receive good learning results within a few days. In addition, there are teachers' refresher courses in New Zealand, and the content of the courses can be taught by controlling the speed and repeating. This set of courses only needs 1 1 week. 75% of the teachers who have used this course have affirmed this method. In 1970s, the Open University appeared in Britain. This is a popular higher education institution, mainly for adults who have left school and those who have to continue their studies because of the explosion of knowledge (including undergraduates and graduate students). This school has a simple organization and a strong faculty. But the number of students is far from that of ordinary universities. Tens of thousands of students go abroad to study every year (1979 statistics are 7? 80,000 people), and there are about 654.38+10,000 people who have not registered to listen and watch. Students are scattered all over the country and attend classes through radio, especially TV. Counseling, discussion, practice, answering questions and other courses are mostly conducted in a short-term centralized and face-to-face manner. Compared with traditional universities, the curriculum is more flexible and diverse, with advanced disciplines, popular courses and practical and interesting teaching contents.
The open university is mainly self-taught. The broadcast content is a combination of teachers and teaching materials. Libraries, especially the modern library (Resoutceteria, UK) combined with the media center, provide greater convenience for individual learning. Such a library breaks the tradition that teaching materials are limited to books. Books are teachers who don't talk, while slides, videos, recordings and teaching films are teachers who can speak or perform at the same time. Its computer retrieval system enables students to obtain the most needed information in a short time. Students in remote areas can also easily see the information of large libraries or museums in the city center through the local learning information center with readers and fluorescent screens.
⑤ Others
In recent years, broadcasting directly serving education has gradually developed. By 1976, of the 8,000 radio stations in the United States, 800 are for education. They have connections with schools at all levels. Set the broadcast time every day instead of the teacher's lecture. Almost every course is taught by radio.
In 1960s, there were more than 65,438+000 educational TV stations and more than 300 closed-circuit educational TV systems. After the appearance of video, CCTV has been gradually replaced by video. Stanford University has a 4-channel microwave open-circuit television network, which broadcasts learning content 12 hours every day. The lectures were attended by technicians and workers from different companies.
Others are correspondence, self-study packages (seif? Learning package) and other forms. All these can enable students to obtain the necessary materials and information at home.