What is a professional degree?
With the rapid development of modern science and technology and society, professional degree is a kind of degree type set up to cultivate advanced applied professionals with strong professional ability and professionalism, who can creatively engage in practical work. Professional degree has a relatively independent education model and a specific career orientation, which is a high degree of unity of professionalism and academics.
Let's look at the differences between professional masters and academic masters:
First, the training objectives are different.
Professional master and academic master are at the same level, with different training specifications and obvious differences in training objectives.
The outstanding feature of professional master's education is the close combination of academic and professional. People with professional degrees are mainly engaged in jobs with obvious professional backgrounds, such as engineers, doctors, teachers, lawyers, accountants, etc., rather than academic research. This is a kind of professional practice-oriented, emphasizing practice and application, and cultivating senior talents with professional and specialized skills and regular and high-level training.
Academic masters are established according to disciplines, oriented by academic research, emphasizing theory and research, and cultivating university teachers and researchers in scientific research institutions.
Second, the cultivation methods are different.
The curriculum of professional master is oriented to practical application, aims at professional needs, and takes the improvement of comprehensive literacy and applied knowledge and ability as the top priority. The teaching content emphasizes the organic combination of theoretical courses and applied courses, highlights the teaching process of case analysis and practical research, and attaches importance to cultivating students' awareness and ability to study practical problems by using team learning, case analysis, field investigation and simulation training. In the specific learning process, it is required to have at least half a year of practical links, and the proportion of practical credits is greater than that of academic degrees.
The curriculum of academic master focuses on strengthening the study of basic theories and cultivating students' ability and quality of scientific research and innovation.
Third, the application conditions are different.
For professional masters, the application requirements for some majors are the same as those for academic masters. However, for majors such as business administration, public administration, engineering management, tourism management, project management in engineering masters, education management in education masters, and competition organization in sports masters, the application conditions are: those who have worked for more than 3 years after graduation from university, or those who have obtained a diploma from a nationally recognized higher vocational college or graduated from university, meet the relevant academic requirements of enrollment units, and have reached the equivalent academic level of university graduation and worked for more than 5 years.
The conditions for applying for an academic master's degree are: fresh graduates with nationally recognized academic qualifications (including fresh graduates of adult higher education held by ordinary universities, adult universities and ordinary universities), self-study exams and online education. The nationally recognized undergraduate diploma must be obtained before September of the year of admission 1. Those who have a nationally recognized undergraduate diploma, have obtained a nationally recognized higher vocational diploma for two years or more (from graduation to September of the year of admission 1 day, the same below), have obtained a nationally recognized diploma and meet the specific academic requirements of the admissions unit for candidates according to the training objectives of the unit, and apply for master's degrees and master's degrees as undergraduate graduates.
Fourth, the enrollment majors are different.
Master's degree, the enrollment majors are targeted, including finance, applied statistics, taxation, international business, insurance, asset evaluation, auditing, law, social work, police, education, sports, Chinese international education, applied psychology, translation, news and communication, publishing, cultural relics and museums, architecture, engineering, urban planning, agricultural extension, veterinary medicine, landscape architecture, forestry.
Academic master's degree, the enrollment majors include philosophy, economics, law, education, literature, history, science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, military science, management, art 13, and its first-class discipline, two disciplines, covers all professional directions.
Fifth, the adjustment requirements are different.
Candidates adjust the basic conditions, and the subjects of the initial examination are the same or similar to those of the initial examination of major transfer, among which the subjects of the unified examination should be the same in principle. Master's examination subjects can generally cover master's initial examination subjects or reach the difficulty of master's examination, so the adjustment is generally from master to master. It is almost impossible to transfer to a master's degree because of the examination subjects and the difficulty of the examination. That is, an academic master can be transferred to a professional master, but a professional master cannot be transferred to an academic master.
But it should be noted that master of medicine is the opposite. Candidates who apply for professional degrees in master of medicine can transfer to other majors according to relevant policies, and candidates who apply for other majors (including medical degrees) cannot transfer to professional degrees in clinical medicine.
Sixth, the difficulty of admission is different.
For most majors, the difficulty of professional masters is slightly lower than that of academic masters. It is relatively difficult to test English II for professional master's English courses and English I for academic master's English courses. Most of the professional masters don't take the general mathematics subjects, and they don't take the comprehensive ability of the joint entrance examination of Mathematics III and Economics, which is relatively difficult. It is relatively difficult for academic masters to put forward physical mathematics in general mathematics subjects or enrollment units.
Seventh, the tuition fees are different.
The charging standard of full-time professional master is determined according to the charging standard not higher than the current self-funded graduate students of general majors in our school (schools without self-funded graduate students of general majors refer to the related charging standards of similar majors in other local universities).
Starting from the fall semester of 20 14, the fees for academic masters should not exceed 8000 yuan per year for master students and 10000 yuan for doctoral students in principle.
Eighth, the academic system is different.
Specifically, the professional master's academic system is generally 2-3 years, and the academic master's academic system is generally 3 years. The specific situation is subject to the policies of each enrollment unit in the current year.
Ninth, the tutorial system is different.
Professional master, dual tutorial system. According to the spirit of the relevant documents of the Ministry of Education, all professional degree postgraduate training units should establish and improve the dual tutorial system inside and outside the school, with the on-campus tutor as the main guidance and the off-campus tutor participating in the practice process, project research, curriculum and thesis guidance. In the process of training, the in-school tutors mainly impart theoretical knowledge and academic guidance, while the off-campus tutors mainly cultivate skills and guide practice.
Academic master, single tutor system. In terms of basic functions, graduate tutors provide graduate course teaching, project research guidance and dissertation guidance to students. In terms of guidance content, graduate tutors guide their graduate students in the whole process during their study. After the graduate thesis is completed, the tutor should make an objective, multi-faceted and accurate evaluation of the graduate students, and be responsible for applying to the tutor group for examination and approval, and submitting it to academic degree evaluation committee for defense.
Tenth, dissertations are different.
Professional master's thesis should strengthen application orientation and take various forms. Encourage the use of research reports, planning and design, product development, case analysis, project management, literary works and other forms.
Academic master's degree thesis, which emphasizes scientific theoretical research and original academic innovation, is a traditional and general academic thesis.
The above is the related content of "1 1 the difference between professional master and academic master" prepared for everyone in the postgraduate entrance examination. More information about the postgraduate entrance examination guide is in the postgraduate entrance examination guide channel!
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