Overview of vocational education 1 document issued by the Ministry of Education 16 "Several Opinions on Improving the Teaching Quality of Higher Vocational Education in an All-round Way" (hereinafter referred to as 16 document) defines higher vocational education: as a type of higher education development, higher vocational education shoulders the mission of cultivating high-skilled talents facing the frontline needs of production, construction, service and management. Simply put, higher vocational education should cultivate skilled professionals. In fact, this is the essential difference between it and undergraduate education. Nature determines the internal structure. The nature of higher vocational education determines its characteristics in talent training mode, specialty setting, curriculum design, teaching content selection and teaching method application. I want to combine these aspects to talk about the characteristics of higher vocational education from two levels.
The first level is centered on vocational skills. How to focus on vocational skills in higher vocational education? Take Guizhou Electric Power Vocational and Technical College as an example to illustrate.
College is the only electric power college in China Southern Power Grid, which belongs to higher vocational colleges. Industry characteristics are deeply rooted in school education. The orientation of the school is to train high-skilled professionals for the power industry, so the majors are set around the basic types of work in the power industry, including electricity, heating, marketing, electricity and transmission. Curriculum design emphasizes the improvement of students' professional skills, and the overall characteristics of teaching can be summed up as the cultivation of professional skills in the power industry as the core. In order to firmly grasp this central point, the work of the college in recent years is divided into two major items. First, adhere to the curriculum reform and focus on building excellent courses and benchmark courses that combine work with study. The second is to build a training base to provide a good platform for students' production practice and social practice. For my first job, the main way I learned was my own teaching. I teach all liberal arts courses. Liberal arts courses, like professional courses, emphasize the cultivation of skills. Such as practical writing. First of all, the selection of teaching materials is based on the industry's demand for practical writing, mainly reporting, asking for instructions, planning and summarizing. Then the design of classroom teaching. Rarely talk about theory, the focus is on how to do it and how to write it. The main method is to provide a large number of cases for students to learn and evaluate. In order to strengthen students' familiarity with the industry, most of the cases come from within the enterprise, which is a particularly practical example. My understanding of my second job was mainly accomplished through visiting and studying. I had the opportunity to visit the laboratories, training rooms and practice bases of the college. Although the machinery and equipment in the power industry are completely unrelated to my major, I realized their professionalism. Students with such a platform will improve their professional skills quickly and effectively.
No matter the course reform or the base construction, what the college has done is actually the mode of combining work with study, that is, the learning mode of combining classroom with productive labor and social practice, and the mode of school-enterprise cooperation, that is, keeping close contact with industrial enterprises, constantly improving the conditions of training and practice bases, and finally improving the overall quality of teaching. In recent years, the employment rate of students is very high. I think this should be the external achievement of the college's reform and construction, and the characteristics of its rooted industry can be more and more prominent.
In the final analysis, a major feature of higher vocational colleges is to take vocational skills as the core, and the combination of work and study and school-enterprise cooperation are the fundamental means to grasp this core. 16 put forward that the combination of work and study should be an important breakthrough in the reform of talent training mode in higher vocational education, so as to promote the adjustment and construction of majors and guide the reform of curriculum, teaching content and teaching methods, and put forward that we should actively explore a new mode of combining school with enterprise in the construction of productive training bases in schools to improve students' practical ability. These views are extremely enlightening and instructive.
The second level I want to talk about is to aim at professionalism. Although the educational purpose of higher vocational colleges is to cultivate students' professional skills, its ultimate goal is the same. Like any school, it is based on moral education. How to say that skills are the foundation of success, then quality is the refinement and sublimation on the basis, and it is a scaffold. Therefore, for higher vocational education, vocational skills and professional quality are closely linked and indispensable.
Since it is a professional quality, it is different from the general formulation of quality. The quality of higher vocational education is closely related to occupation. The difference of this kind of quality education lies in that according to the document 16, it attaches great importance to students' professional ethics education and legal education, and attaches great importance to cultivating students' integrity, professionalism, sense of responsibility and law-abiding. Specific explanation, or take Guizhou Electric Power Vocational and Technical College as an example. Most of the courses offered by the college are specialized courses in the power industry. Although specialized courses mainly teach skills, the safety awareness, responsibility awareness, legal awareness, professionalism and other things in the power industry are also infiltrated. The other part of the course is the liberal arts course, which mainly includes the basic courses of law and ideological and moral cultivation, an introduction to the theoretical system of Mao Zedong Thought and Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the situation, situation and policies of Guizhou. There are also lectures, publicity and activities on the corporate culture of power grid as an important supplement, so that students can have a deeper understanding of the industries they will engage in in in the future.
It seems that for higher vocational colleges, students' ideological and political education is still important, and it is the main means to construct students' professional quality. However, according to the characteristics of the industry, the specific work content will be adjusted and supplemented.
Vocational skills and professional quality, one inside and one outside, constitute the talent training standards of higher vocational colleges and are the characteristics of higher vocational education. 16 puts forward that higher vocational colleges should cultivate high-quality skilled talents, which actually combines two aspects well.
As an ordinary teacher engaged in higher vocational education, I must deeply understand the spirit of document 16 and other related documents, actively participate in the reform and construction of the college, and strive to cultivate talents with both ability and political integrity. I hope that this characteristic education in higher vocational colleges can be better and better.
Summary of vocational education: 2 1. Go deep into all towns and villages in the county to vigorously publicize the work related to the implementation of the 9+3 free vocational education plan in Tibetan areas, hang more than 0/00 publicity banners, post more than 500 publicity slogans and distribute more than 4,000 publicity materials. And through radio and television and other media to vigorously promote the implementation of free vocational education related matters, through villagers' meetings, parent-teacher conferences and other forms of extensive publicity, so that the majority of farmers and herdsmen
2. Investigate and register, and find out the base. Combine propaganda, mobilization, surveying and mapping, registration, registration and other work organically, draw pictures in propaganda and register in mobilization to improve work efficiency.
3. Strengthen leadership and implement tasks. The education administrative department of Songpan County has established a leadership responsibility system, set up a leading group, incorporated the implementation of the plan into the target assessment management, signed a target responsibility letter at different levels, and implemented the task of secondary vocational enrollment from person to person. Complete publicity and student survey and registration before the end of March, start enrollment in July, and organize new students to report to the school in early September. Comprehensive arrangements were made in terms of objectives and tasks, safeguard measures, implementation steps, and division of responsibilities. Relevant departments at the county level, townships (towns), farms and schools perform their respective duties and cooperate closely to implement the "9+3" free vocational education plan in Tibetan areas to ensure the healthy growth of young people.
4. After the senior high school entrance examination, we carefully organized and intensified publicity, and posted posters on the national bursary policy for secondary vocational school students in schools and towns, which achieved good results. Seriously organize the application work, and require all middle school students who want to study in secondary vocational schools in the Mainland to fill in the Examination Form for Candidates' Qualifications, the Examination Form for Candidates' Morality and the Examination Form for Candidates. Do a good job in auditing, strictly audit and check all kinds of lists from domestic journals, and ensure the quality of students in mainland secondary vocational schools. This year, our county has sent 103 students to "9+3" secondary vocational schools in the province. The completion rate reached 60%, and 90 students were sent to secondary vocational schools in the state. The completion rate reached 100%, and the teacher-student ratio was 4. 1:5.9.