1790, Haydn invited Beethoven and other court musicians on his way from Vienna to London. Later, 1792 Beethoven was allowed to go to Vienna to learn from Haydn, and then he lived in Vienna all his life. Before that, Beethoven went to Vienna to study under Mozart, but his mother was seriously ill in 1787. The study time with Haydn is not long, and teachers and students can't cooperate.
1795, he made his debut as a composer and pianist in Vienna, playing piano concerto in B flat major, Op. 9. Although he was very friendly with many nobles, such as Count Wahlstam and Grand Duke Rudolph, and was willing to accept personal assistance, he opposed the sponsorship system that bound musicians to one employer in the18th century. As a freelance musician in Vienna, he is in a better position than Mozart.
Hard of hearing is getting worse. 1802, when he realized that deafness could not be cured, he wrote a touching Will of Heiligenstadt, intending to commit suicide. Strangely, this is the time when he wrote the clearest symphony, Symphony No.2 in D major. In the next few years, he began to realize that he had no hope of becoming a great performer, so he mainly devoted himself to writing. His struggle against suffering is reflected in the symphony Hero (1804), the longest and most influential symphony at that time. He has never been married. Loneliness is increasing. As the guardian of the incompetent nephew Carl, worrying about the children didn't improve his temper. His behavior is extremely rude and his relationship with the publisher tends to be tense.
By 18 19, he was completely deaf. In the last stage of his life, he wrote some of the greatest and most thoughtful works: The Last Five String Quartet, The Last Five Piano Sonatas, The Ninth Symphony and The Solemn Mass. In these works, he broke away from the pain of his personal life and entered the future art field. Although their influence on later generations is enormous, in the future, the string quartet influenced Bartok; Sir Michael Kemp Tippett claimed that he benefited from Beethoven's piano sonatas and other works.
1826, Beethoven's health became worse and worse after his nephew attempted suicide. The next year, he was bedridden, and London Philharmonic Orchestra sent a check for 100, which prompted him to write the tenth symphony mentally, but he couldn't go any further. The doctor diagnosed edema as the cause of his sudden death.
Beethoven's creation is not a stroke of a pen, he tirelessly revised the draft until he was satisfied. His sympathy for the free thought at that time was manifested in Egmont, Federio, Symphony No.9 and other works. Before the French Revolution, it was inconceivable that a composer would have such an outlook on life. In this respect, Beethoven was the first great "subjective" composer: Piano Concerto in C minor written in 1800 marked the dawn of the new century, showing an objective and completely different musical attitude from that in the classical period. The only opera he produced, Federico, consumed more energy than other works. He is not a born opera composer. He refused to write an opera for Vienna every year, but he created one of the greatest masterpieces of opera. Ferrario put forward Beethoven's most cherished belief. A loyal and brave wife saved her husband from being executed by Spanish oppressors. This theme is even more exciting because it was developed on the simple background of German opera. Federio and The Magic Flute (it is said that this is the only opera that Beethoven really appreciates) have become the cornerstones of German opera repertoire, but the universality of their themes transcends the nationality of music, so Federio is increasingly recognized as a symbol of love and freedom all over the world.
Many of Beethoven's works, especially his mid-term works (such as Sonata for Passion), all reflect his violent and violent character, and often reflect his dissatisfaction with the status quo. He opposes conservatism, but his works also have profound sincerity and simple simplicity. His unrestrained thinking made him unable to tolerate technical limitations. In his works, he can have no pity for human voices and musical instruments. For example, the string quartet "Tian Fu Ge", the last movement of the ninth symphony and the solemn mass. On the other hand, some of his slow movements have what Germans call a sincere and cordial sense of silence, revealing the other side of the composer. Perhaps the best examples of this kind of music are Symphony No.9 and String Quartet in A minor, and slow motion in Op. 132.
Beethoven is one of the most original composers. His most famous works are:
(1) Orchestral music: nine symphonies (the last one has a chorus); Violin concerto; Five piano concertos; Concerto for piano, violin and cello; Overture-the overture of works in different stages in Colio Lan, Leonora, Naming Day, Dedicated to the Theatre and Item 3; Fantasies for piano, band and chorus; Two romances for violin and orchestra.
(2) Chorus: two Masses (C major and D major); The oratorio "Christ on the Mount of Olives"; The ninth symphony.
(3) Stage works: the opera Federio; Drama soundtrack Egmont, King Stevin and Ruins of Athens; The birth of Prometheus.
(4) Chamber music: septet; Piano and wind quintet; String quintet; Sixteen string quartets and big fugue; String trio iv; Serenade for flute, violin and viola; Six piano trio; Trio for clarinet, cello and piano; Ten violin sonatas; Five cello sonatas; Horn sonata.
(5) Piano music: 32 sonatas; 2 1 group variation; A piece of music
(6) Song: Vocal divertimento "To a Lover Far Away"; Soprano and band live "Ah! Disloyal people "; Other vocal music and piano music.
Piano Sonata No.14 in C sharp minor "Moonlight" Op.27-2
Among Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas, if only one is chosen as the most famous one, it should belong to Piano Sonata No.14 in C minor, Op.27-2.. This masterpiece belongs to Beethoven's middle period, which is not only romantic but also has a poetic name "Moonlight". For those who like to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, listening to the piano sonataNo. 14 Moonlight adds a little intimacy. But, you know what? When Beethoven wrote this work, the idea of music had nothing to do with moonlight.
1800, Beethoven met a girl 15 years old, Giulietta guicciardi, at her home in Brunswick. She was a piano student of Beethoven at first, and then Beethoven was completely attracted by this girl's temperament. At that time, he even had the idea of marrying Giulietta at the age of 30. However, because of different identities, there is no result after all. This famous piano sonataNo. 14 is dedicated to her!
Wow! What a romantic love between teachers and students! However, the historical truth has let people "imagine" the romantic plot disappointed. Although the piano sonataNo. 14 was really dedicated to Juliet, and her characteristics really attracted Beethoven deeply, they fell in love, but there was still an episode of "Forced by Reality".
It turns out that Beethoven wrote a love song, a Rondo of 5 1-2, and prepared to give it to his sweetheart Juliet Tower. However, due to the visit of distinguished guests, the first Rondo was given to the daughter of Count Li Xi. Afterwards, piano sonataNo. 14 was given to Juliet in a perfunctory way.
This song was composed in 180 1 and published in 1802. At first, it was just a sonata with a slight breakthrough in form, and there was no title of "moonlight" because the composer did not write about the moon. But this song was very popular because of its beautiful music, and Beethoven also told his disciple Cherny about his helplessness. It was not until 30 years later that H.F.L. Rellstab, a music critic, heard the first movement of this song and said, "It's like being in a rocking boat under the moonlight on Lake Lucerne in Switzerland. Since then, the nickname "Moonlight" of this song has spread like wildfire, and everyone thinks that this name is extremely appropriate, which has narrowed the distance between music and audience. In fact, this piece of music itself has the characteristics of transcending local speculation, that is to say, you don't need to tell the story of "moonlight", as long as the listener appreciates it attentively, you can appreciate the uniqueness and extraordinary music.
CIS-Moll Piano Sonata "Mondschein" Op.27-2, Piano Sonata No.14 in C minor, written and published with Piano Sonata No.13 Op.27-1. These two works are slightly different from traditional sonatas in the arrangement of movements. In order to avoid the criticism of busybodies, Beethoven skillfully added the word "full of fantasy" to these two works.
The first movement is continuous adagio, two beats and three parts. Generally, the first movement of a sonata is written in sonata form, but Moonlight violates this unwritten convention and writes the first movement into three stages. Although it is a two-second beat, the even triplet of the left hand makes the music sound like three continuous shooting, creating a fascinating fantasy. Such a romantic first movement has greatly inspired composers such as Schubert, Chopin, Schumann and Mendelssohn. The overall performance of the first movement belongs to a hazy and depressing tone, and its personality is relatively hidden and difficult to control.
Andante for the second movement, three or four beats, three paragraphs. It is the main body composed of three parts, the first movement, rather than the minuet or scherzo that is common in sonatas. Liszt once described this movement as "a flower in two abyss", which reminds people of Beethoven's fourth symphony. Schumann also praised it as "the exquisite beauty between the two Nordic giants (No.3 and No.5)". Although the second movement is three beats, Beethoven skillfully uses the contrast of note strength and length to make the melody sound like it is marching, which is in line with the expression speed of Andante. The most difficult thing to deduce in the second movement is to inherit the concealment of the first movement and the radicalism of the third movement, so it is very important to grasp the alto. Being too close to the first movement not only makes the whole song look heavy, but also loses the sense of balance in the form of the work. Being too close to the emotion of the third movement makes the music appear frivolous and dilutes the explosive power of the third movement.
The third movement is exciting Allegro, four or four beats, sonata form. Radical as Beethoven probably dare not play the sonata of this movement! Some people say that this movement is the most tense part of Beethoven's piano music. Indeed, playing fast scales tests every pianist's courage and basic skills, while short, fast and strong notes test the pianist's touch energy and his handling of harmony fullness and balance.