Edit this passage Dante
Battleship Dante AliGneki Cherie (Italian: Battleship Dante AliGneki Cherie, 1265- 132 1 September 14), the founder of modern Italian, was Dante in the European Renaissance.
One of the pioneers of this generation, he is famous for his long poem Divine Comedy. Engels commented: "The end of the feudal Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern capitalist era are marked by a great man, the Italian Dante, the last poet in the Middle Ages and the first poet in the new era".
all one's life
Dante was born in a declining aristocratic family in Florence, Italy. He was born in 1265. The date of birth is not clear. According to his own poem, "born under Gemini" should be at the end of May or early June. At the age of five, her biological mother died, her father was her second wife, and her stepmother gave birth to two younger brothers and a younger sister. Dante's life is not recorded much, but there are many writers, many of whom are unreliable. He may not have received a formal education (some people say he studied in Bologna and Paris), but he learned a lot from many famous friends and teachers, including Latin, Provence and music. When he was young, he may have been a knight and participated in several wars. Married at the age of 33, his wife gave birth to six children, only four (three men). But what he really loves is an 8-year-old girl named Bereyani Cai. Dante statue outside the Dante Museum in Florence .. At that time, Florence politics was divided into two factions, one was the West Berlin faction loyal to the holy Roman emperor and the other was the Gaelic faction loyal to the Pope. After 1266, due to the powerful influence of the Pope, the Gaelic faction won and exiled the West Berlin faction. Pope Benifas VIII, who was elected in 1294 after Gefei came to power, wanted to control Florence. Some wealthy citizens in the city of hope are unwilling to be controlled by the Pope and split into a "white party", while others have not settled down and hope to turn over and become a "black party" with the help of the Pope. The two factions are fighting again. Dante's family originally belonged to the Gaelic Sect. Dante enthusiastically advocated independence and freedom, so he became the backbone of the white party and was elected as one of the six members of the executive Committee of the highest authority. 130 1 year, the pope sent Carlo di valois, the brother of the French king, to Florence to "reconcile". Suspecting that the trip had another purpose, White sent a delegation headed by Dante to persuade the Pope to take back his life, but it failed. Sure enough, Carlo immediately organized the black party to slaughter the opposition, took control of Florence, and announced the exile of Dante. Once he returns to the city, any Florentine soldier can. 1308, Luxemburg's henry vii was elected as the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, ready to invade Florence. Dante wrote to him and pointed out the place of attack, so White began to hate Dante. 13 13 Henry died, and Dante's hopes were dashed. 13 15, Florence was in power by soldiers, and it was announced that if Dante was willing to pay a fine, sprinkle dust on his head and hang a knife around his neck, he could return to China for a week without guilt. Dante wrote back and said, "This method is not the way for me to return to China! If I damage Dante's reputation, I will never set foot in Florence again! Can't I enjoy the light of the sun, moon and stars elsewhere? If I don't bow and scrape to the people of Florence, can't I get in touch with the precious truth? To be sure, I don't worry about having no bread! " When Dante was exiled, he lived in several cities in Italy, and some recorded that he had been to Paris. He used his works to dispel homesickness, and wrote down all benefactors and enemies in his masterpiece Divine Comedy, mocking the Pope. He arranged his unrequited love object, a beautiful woman named Bayar, to the highest level in heaven. She died at the age of 25. Dante died in 132 1 and in Lavoine, in the northeast of Italy.
anecdote
1. On one occasion, Dante attended a banquet hosted by Consul General Venice. The valet gave rich fried fish to the envoys of Italian city-states, but very small fish to Dante. Dante didn't protest or eat fish. He picked up the small fish on the plate one by one with his hand, listened to it close to his ear as if he heard something, and then put it back on the plate one by one. The consul was surprised and asked him what he was doing. Dante said loudly, "A few years ago, a friend of mine died and was buried at sea. I don't know if his body has been buried at the bottom of the sea, so I asked these small fish one by one to see if they knew anything. " The consul asked, "What did the little fish say?" . Dante said, "They told me that they were still young and didn't know the past. Let me ask the big fish at the same table. " The consul laughed and told him to bring Dante the biggest fried fish at once. When Dante was young, he liked to sit in the square in his hometown of Florence. Especially on midsummer night, he often sits in the starry morning. The lonely young poet has an amazing memory. One night, a stranger went straight to Dante and bowed down and said, "I have heard a lot about your poems, and I know you are the pride of Fei Lengcui." I promised to answer a question, but I can't because of my shallow knowledge. I am here to ask Mr. Wang for help. The question I want to answer is: What is the most delicious thing in the world? "eggs." Dante blurted out. The man nodded and left. One day a few years later, Dante was still sitting in the square looking up at the starry sky, or the stranger stepped forward and continued the conversation a few years ago: "So, how to cook?" Dante glanced at the visitor and replied without thinking, "put some salt." [ 1]
Famous works
Love Poems Fresh Philosophy Poems Banquet Lyrics Divine Comedy Latin Articles Common sayings Political Papers Kingdom on Latin Poetry Pastoral Dante's Letters Collection Dante's works are basically written in Tuscan dialect in Italy, which has played a considerable role in the formation of modern Italian based on Tuscan dialect, because apart from Latin works, only Dante was the first to write in a living language in ancient Italy. His works played a considerable role in the formation of Italian literary language, so they also played a pioneering role in the Renaissance.
Edit this passage of Peterak.
Peterak
Francesco Petracca (Italian: Francesco Petraca, 1304-65438 July 20+19,0374) was a famous poet and scholar in the early Italian Renaissance, the founder of humanism, and the establishment of artistic and moral values of the early bourgeoisie was inseparable from him.
all one's life
1304 was born in arezzo on July 20th, and 1374 died in Alqua on July 9th. Father is a noble family and lawyer in Florence. He went into exile in France with his father since childhood, and then studied law. After his father died, he devoted himself to literary activities and traveled around Europe. He also worked as a priest and had the opportunity to go in and out of the church and court, observe life and pursue knowledge. He proposed replacing "God's Thought" with "Man's Thought" and was called "Father of Humanism". Petrarch's father, a lawyer in Florence, was expelled from the city and moved to arezzo in 1302 because of disagreement with the leader of the black party. 1July 20th, 304, Petrarch was born here. After several relocations, in 13 12, their family moved to avignon in the south of France, where the Vatican was then. Therefore, Petrarch is closely related to the Pope and other elites. This situation is not only related to his growth, but also conducive to his future humanistic activities. Petrarch loved literature and rhetoric as a teenager, especially interested in classical works. Virgil's poems in ancient Rome and Cicero's speeches strongly attracted him. But his father wanted him to be a jurist. So I started studying law in Montpellier, France and Bologna, Italy from 13 16. 1320 When his father died, he gave up the law and developed his hobbies freely. In the same year, he returned to avignon and took a position as a middle school teacher. From 1330- 1347, he served under Cardinal Vani Corina. His work in the church is not busy, which makes him tirelessly study literature and write poems, but also participate in some political and diplomatic activities of the Holy See. As a poet, Petrarch's reputation spread quickly. 1340, Paris and Rome competed to invite him to accept the laurel. So, he decided to go to Rome 134 1 year. On April 8th, he accepted the title of "Poet Laureate" on Mount Capitoli in Rome. On July 1374, Petrarch died in a small village called Akwa. When people found his body, his head was still buried in Virgil's manuscript.
works
Petrarch was the earliest representative figure who studied classical culture from the perspective of humanism during the Renaissance. He widely collected ancient manuscripts of Greece and Rome, dared to break through the theological concept of the Middle Ages, and put people and real life at the center to interpret classic works with the vision of the new era. His study of classical culture had an impact on the European Renaissance and his own creation. Petrarch wrote many poems and essays in Latin. These works praise the nobility and wisdom of human beings, advocate that people can pursue secular happiness and enjoy the right of honor, and challenge the theocracy and asceticism advocated in the Middle Ages. He also believes that a person's nobility lies not in birth, but in behavior. The famous narrative poem Africa (written in 1338 or 1339, but not completed) describes the heroic deeds of Scipio, the commander-in-chief of ancient Rome, who defeated Hannibal, praising the greatness of Rome and embodying the spirit of patriotism. This work earned him the title of Poet Laureate on April 8th. 134 1. The Secret promotes humanism through the dialogue between Saint Augustine and the poet. The poet enthusiastically defends love and honor, believing that love is consistent with loving God and pursuing human happiness and eternal happiness. The masterpiece "songji" is said that the poet wrote more than 300 sonnets and some lyric poems to express her grief after Lola's death in 1327. These poems were written in Italian, mainly love poems. Petrarch jumped out of the box of old lyric poetry and described Lola's physical beauty and her complex thoughts, feelings and inner activities with colorful colors and meticulous brushwork. These poems boldly praise love and express their desire for happiness, reflecting humanists' world outlook of despising medieval morality and loving life. Petrarch's poems have beautiful rhymes and rigorous structures, and often praise Lola with the help of natural scenery to convey subtle feelings. He perfected the new poetic style of sonnet in art. His lyric poems, especially sonnets, opened the way for the development of European lyric poems. Later generations regarded him as a poet and saint. My Italy is a long poem in the Song Dynasty, and it is also a political lyric poem. The poet condemned the Italian monarch for using foreign mercenaries to carry out civil war, which made "the wolf and the sheep live together" and the kind people suffered disasters. His other political lyrics also attacked the church. Some of Petrarch's poems also reflect his inner contradictions and those of humanists in the early Renaissance. Petrarch wrote a historical book "Who's Who" in Latin. Petrarch's poems are very rich, among which The Collection of Songs, Africa, Ode to Italy and Biography of Celebrities are world-renowned.
Fourteen lines
Through long-term creative practice, Petrarch pushed sonnets to a perfect position and developed into a new poetic style, that is, "Petrarch's poetic style". This poetic style was later imitated by Chaucer, Shakespeare and other famous writers and poets, which opened up a new road for the development of European poetry. Therefore, Petrarch was honored as a "poet saint". There are also a few patriotic poems and political satires in The Book of Songs, among which My Italy is the most representative. At that time, Italy was in a state of disintegration for a long time because of the interference of the Pope, the invasion of foreign enemies and the melee between the city-States. Seeing this reality, the poet wrote: You see, my motherland, your beloved hometown, is suffering from wars and uncontrollable disputes caused by nameless reasons. This poem, which embodies blood and tears, is full of the poet's deep feelings of worrying about the country and the people, and has placed a strong desire for the reunification of the motherland. [2]
Edit this passage of Boccaccio
Giovanni boccaccio (13 13- 1375), an Italian Renaissance writer and poet, is famous for his collection of novels Giovanni Boccaccio, decameron.
"Make a name for later generations. Boccaccio, an outstanding representative of the Italian Renaissance, was a humanist. Decameron, the representative work, criticizes religious conservatism and advocates that "happiness lies on earth", which is regarded as the declaration of the Renaissance. He is called "three outstanding literary figures" together with Dante and Petrarch.
all one's life
Boccaccio was a Florentine businessman named Kelino. Boccaccio's illegitimate child with a French woman. There is a lack of exact information about his birthplace. It is said that he was born in Florence or Cital near Paris. My biological mother died when I was a child and came to Florence with my father. Soon, his father remarried, and he spent his childhood in the cold of strict father and his stepmother. Later, I was sent to Naples by my father, and I barely learned to do business in a trading company where my father had shares, and I got nothing. His father asked him to study law and religious regulations, but neither business nor law interested him. He loved literature since he was a child, and began to teach himself poetics and read the works of classic writers. This period of life enabled him to personally experience the life, thoughts and feelings of citizens and businessmen, and to integrate them into his later decameron. During his life in Naples, Boccaccio had the opportunity to enter and leave the court of King Robert of Angelo. Here, his repressed personality and wisdom are fully displayed. He made friends with many humanist poets, scholars, theologians and jurists, and came into contact with the life of noble knights. This enriched his life experience, broadened his cultural and artistic horizons, and further restored his interest in classical culture and literature. He met Robert's illegitimate daughter Maria at court and fell in love with her. This romantic experience also left a deep impression on his literary creation, and Maria can be seen in some female images created in his future literary works. /kloc-in the winter of 0/340, Boccaccio's father suffered setbacks in his business activities and his economic situation deteriorated. Boccaccio could not maintain his original leisurely life and returned to Florence. In the sharp and fierce political struggle in Florence, he always stood firmly on the side of the Republican government and opposed the feudal aristocratic forces. He joined the guild and held the position of managing finance. He was entrusted by the Republican government for many times and went to other Italian city-states and the Holy See as a special envoy to carry out diplomatic missions. 1350, Boccaccio met the poet Petrarch. The following year, he was entrusted to invite Petrarch, who was exiled, to return to Florence to preside over academic discussions. Since then, these two outstanding humanists have established close friendship. Boccaccio devoted himself to studying classical literature and became a learned humanist. He translated Homer's works and made great contributions to the collection, translation and annotation of ancient books. In his later years, he devoted himself to the interpretation and interpretation of the Divine Comedy, and presided over the discussion of the Divine Comedy at the University of Florence. 1373, 10 year1October 23rd, Boccaccio gave his last speech at the seminar of Divine Comedy at the University of Florence. The next year, the death of his good friend Petrarch gave him a great mental blow. 1375 65438+February 2 1, Boccaccio died in Cital.
works
Boccaccio was a brilliant, diligent and prolific writer. He is not only famous for his short stories and legendary novels, but also good at writing narrative poems, pastoral poems and sonnets, and has also made outstanding achievements in academic writing. The legendary novel Philo Kolo is Boccaccio's first work, written around 1336. Based on the Spanish court and medieval legends, this paper tells the love story of a young Christian woman and a young pagan. They broke through all kinds of obstacles, and everything will be fine if they have a good ending. Two stories in decameron are adapted from this work. Philo Kolo is an early novel in Europe. The narrative poems Philo strato (about 1338) and Teseda (1340- 134 1) extract themes from Troy's legend and Virgil's Aeneas, respectively. They praise pure love and noble friendship. These two works are the first of the eight-part poem. Amito's pastoral legend "The Divine Comedy" (also known as "The Divine Comedy of Florence", about 134 1) imitates Dante's "New Life" in form, and creates a three-rhyme poem with prose. Boccaccio used mythological themes to describe that under the influence of love, Amato changed from a rough shepherd boy to a noble man, in which seven goddesses were interspersed to tell her love experience. The long poem Phantom of Love (1342-1343) was influenced by Dante's Divine Comedy. It is written in three-rhyme sentences and has the characteristics of metaphorical poetry. Boccaccio described a moral journey, combining the praise of virtue with the praise of pure love. The Goddess of Essola (1343- 1354) is another poem with eight lines, in which the goddess and the shepherd fall in love, which offends Di Anna and is punished. A pair of lovers turned into two rivers, but in the end they both flowed into the Arno River and got together. Elegy of Fei Rometta is an important work after decameron. Written between 1343 and 1344, after Boccaccio returned to Florence from Naples. This legendary novel describes the experience of Fiammeta, a woman abandoned by her lover, and describes her love and hate, hope and pain in detail, expecting her lover's return. It is the earliest psychological novel in Europe. The common feature of these works is that they take love as the theme, draw lessons from ancient Greek and Roman poems, myths and legends, and show traces of medieval traditions and chivalrous literature, but they are not rigid in conventions, full of pursuit of human life and happiness and condemn asceticism. In his later years, Boccaccio devoted himself to the study of classical culture, burying himself in the genealogy of pagan gods (1350- 1375) and the biography of Dante. The former narrates the origin of gods and heroes with rich historical materials and shows the foundation of myth, while the latter is one of the earliest academic works on Dante in Italy. Boccaccio criticized the defamation of poetry by the church in his theoretical works and put forward the view that "poetry is theology"; He advocated that poetry should imitate nature and reflect life, and emphasized the great role of literature in enlightenment and education. Poets are required to draw nutrition from ancient Greek and Roman culture and stress fiction and imagination. Although Boccaccio did not completely get rid of the concept of medieval theology, his literary theory laid the foundation for the development of poetics in the Renaissance.
Decameron.
1348, a terrible plague occurred in Florence, Italy. Every day, even every hour, a large number of bodies are transported outside the city. From March to July, more than 654.38 million people died of illness. The beautiful and prosperous city of Florence in the past has become a place full of cemeteries and bones, which is terrible. This incident had a profound influence on Boccaccio, a great Italian writer at that time. In order to record the disasters on earth, he wrote decameron, the most famous collection of Italian short stories at that time, with the plague as the background. At that time, decameron was called "Renqu", which was a literary work as famous as Dante's Divine Comedy, and was also called the companion of Divine Comedy. Decameron tells the story of 10 young men and women who took refuge in the countryside during the Black Death in Florence in 348, and enjoyed themselves by singing, dancing and telling stories. In 10 days, each of them told a story and got a total of 100 stories. Humanism runs through this story set like a red line. The author points his criticism at religious theology and the church, reveals that canon is the evil root of monks' treachery and hypocrisy, mercilessly unveils the sacred veil of the church, and bitterly ridicules Rome, the residence of the Vatican, as the "root of all evil". Love stories play an important role in decameron. The author believes that asceticism is against the laws of nature and human nature, and people have the right to enjoy love and secular happiness. In many stories, he praised with great enthusiasm the struggle of young men and women to break through the feudal hierarchy, despise money and power and strive for happiness. Decameron also criticized feudal privileges and maintained social equality and gender equality. Many stories tell that the lowly man defeated the noble man with wisdom and perseverance. The author also advocates the ideal of all-round development and emphasizes that people should be healthy, handsome, smart, brave, versatile and develop in an all-round and harmonious way. Boccaccio, with his rich knowledge of life and great artistic strength, created hundreds of characters of different classes, three religions and nine streams, with distinctive personality, which showed the broad picture of Italian social life in the early Renaissance and expressed his free thoughts. He skillfully connected 100 stories with a frame structure, making it a particularly complete work in thought and art. These stories absorbed the characteristics of folk spoken language, and the language was concise, fluent, playful and vivid, creating a unique artistic form of European short stories. Decameron has a profound influence on European literature. Many writers in Britain, France, Spain and Germany imitate decameron or draw creative materials from its stories. [3]