In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), Huang Taiji sent Zhuang Fei to prison to visit Hong Chengchou. Zhuang Guifei and Hong Chengchou talked for a day and a night, and felt reasonable. Hong Chengchou decided to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. The Battle of Jinsong, a meaningless battle, defeated 130,000 Ming troops and opened the prelude to the demise of the Ming Dynasty.

1640, Huang taiji personally led Prince Zheng Jilalang and the county king to attack Jinzhou. The two-year Song-Jin War kicked off.

Zu Dashou, the commander-in-chief of Jinzhou, led troops to attack many times, killing more than 0/00 people of the Eight Banners/KLOC, and many people retreated. Jill Harlan joined forces to send more troops, while Zu Dashou retreated to Jinzhou and stood by for help.

After completing the military deployment, Huang Taiji returned to Shenyang to recuperate. He sent Prince Rui Dourgen to urge him to cooperate with Jill Harlan to attack Jinzhou.

164 1 year, Hong Chengchou led eight soldiers and130,000 elite troops to fight against the siege of Jinsong. At first, the Ming army won and the Qing army almost lost. Dourgen was overworked and lost her fertility.

The front line was defeated and the Eight Banners ran back to Shenyang. The emperor was so angry that he abolished the "king" of Dourgen, threatened to kill him, and then pardoned him as a deterrent.

In order to win, Huang Taiji once again marched in person, mobilized troops from various ministries, and carried 36 red cannons to fight the Ming army in Jinzhou, Songshan and Xingshan.

On the day of the expedition, Huang Taiji was dizzy and had a bloody nose, so he had to bite the bullet and go up. After a 500-mile journey, Huang Taiji worked day and night, exhausted.

Arriving at the front line of Yizhou, Huang Taiji climbed high and looked far. He was surprised to see Hong Chengchou. There is no shortage of capable people in the Ming army. Unfortunately, Hong Chengchou was defeated in the end, because it was a meaningless battle, especially for the Ming Dynasty.

In the battle of Jinsong, the Ming Dynasty invested 6.5438+0.3 million troops, and the Qing Dynasty also had 6.5438+0.3 million troops. The two sides are evenly matched. However, for the Ming dynasty, this battle was meaningless and the consequences were very serious.

1626, Yuan Chonghuan beat Nurhachi and won a winning streak. He began to build a "defense line of Ningjin", gradually encroaching on the territory of the late Jin Dynasty and killing opponents.

The "Ningjin Defence Line" is divided into two sections: the southern section from Shanhaiguan to Ningyuan; The northern section runs from Ningyuan to Jinzhou. There are forts and castles in the middle of each front, which cooperate with each other.

Yuan Chonghuan's strategy is gradual, slow and steady, and gradually weaken the opponent. So, can this move work? The answer is yes.

During the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan and Han Qi also adopted the strategy of "building a city" for Xixia. If it weren't for the intervention of the Khitan, the nomads from the south, Xixia would have perished.

Wuying lived in Haishan, guarding the Western Regions and Mobei for many years. He also adopted "fortification tactics" against the Wokuotai khanate and the Chagatai khanate, and finally won.

In the Qing Dynasty, in order to deal with the Junggar Khanate, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong also adopted the "strategy of building castles", expanding and gradually popularizing cities such as Cobdo built in Yuan Wuzong. Junggar's territory is shrinking and its internal contradictions are sharp. The Qing dynasty had the last laugh. The idea of "Ningjin defense line" is to gradually encroach on the territory of the late Jin Dynasty, and then attack the latter Jin Dynasty with allies such as Mongolia and North Korea. Once the territory shrinks, the Eight Banners will naturally compete for territory and weaken themselves.

Once the Ming Dynasty survived the second generation of the Eight Banners and the military and political power was in the hands of the flag owners, it would gradually weaken in the infighting, surrender to the Ming Dynasty again, and continue to be loyal to Commander Jianzhouwei.

It can be said that the "Beijing-Tianjin defense line" has both offensive and defensive functions, which can be attacked in advance and defended in retreat. In order to destroy the defense line, Huang Taiji went into battle himself, and Yuan Chonghuan was killed alive, without any temper.

The premise of "fort-building tactics" is that the court has sufficient financial resources and stable logistics support. At the beginning of the construction of the "Ningjin Defense Line", the Ming Dynasty was able to support it, but after Chongzhen succeeded to the throne, it seemed that it was not enough.

The late Ming Dynasty coincided with the "Little Ice Age", the drought in the Central Plains, the lack of crops, the desolation of Wan Li and the peasant uprising. Due to the obstruction of civil servants, it was difficult to collect taxes in Jiangnan, and the court had limited financial resources.

The Qing army outside the customs was eyeing up, the peasant army in the Central Plains was active, and the Ming Dynasty was in dire straits. At this time, it is meaningless to stick to the "Ningjin Defence Line".

The purpose of building the "Ningjin Defense Line" is to recover Liaodong, but the conditions no longer exist. The Ming Dynasty lacked financial resources to fight on two fronts at the same time, especially when the Jin Song War broke out.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/639, Zhang, Li Zicheng and Luo Rucai rebelled again. Yang Sichang, the supervisor, was worried and died in the army. The Central Plains is boiling again.

Because the Ming army didn't listen to the command, Fu, Liu, and other famous soldiers died, and he withdrew without authorization. While Zuo Liangyu is holding the troops, watching Sun Chuanting fighting in the northwest.

Sun Chuanting is good at fighting and sharp, but his chosen men are not many, only Alex Gao and Bai Guangen. The elites of the Ming Dynasty were taken to Liaodong by Hong Chengchou to fight against the Qing army.

Ironically, Bai Guangen fled back in the battle of Jinsong, and Sun Chuanting was the elite, which shows the present situation of the Ming army. Besides, Bai Guangen and Gao Jie have a bad relationship and don't cooperate with each other.

The situation is very bad. Sun Chuanting is also a winning streak, and he almost captured Li Zicheng alive in the battle of Jiaxian. Unfortunately, the Ming army didn't have any food and grass. When Sun Chuanting succeeded, he finally defeated himself.

If we give up Jinzhou and step down from Shanhaiguan, the Ming army will have 130,000 soldiers and Cao Bianjiao to help, and Li Zicheng and Zhang will get it done in minutes, saving money for disaster relief and resuming production.

Hong Chengchou's130,000 soldiers and horses, as well as eight soldiers, are all elites of the Ming Dynasty. The defeat of the Ming army was not Hong Chengchou's fault, nor was it the incompetence of the Ming army, but the lack of food.

Sun Chuanting was defeated because of "lack of food", so was Hong Chengchou. Hong Chengchou advocated slow and steady, breaking the "siege plan" of Huang Taiji, but Chongzhen disagreed, and neither did Chen Xinjia, the minister of the Ministry of War.

130,000 troops went out to war, and the consumption of food and ammunition was huge, which made it difficult for the Ming Dynasty to supply it for a long time. Chongzhen urged Hong Chengchou to fight against the Qing army. In the first battle, Hong Chengchou almost forced Dourgen to hang himself, but the cavalry of the Ming army was not strong enough and could only fight with artillery, which was difficult to cause a devastating blow to the Qing army.

Huang Taiji's personal expedition was not a decisive battle with Hong Chengchou, but to cut off the route for providing foodstuff for the Ming army. The Qing army dug trenches, built forts and fought a war of attrition on the traffic lines.

Urged to send troops, Hong Chengchou only brought three days of food, the result can be imagined. Even so, Cao Bianjiao's surprise attack broke through the five lines of defense of the Qing army and almost captured Huang Taiji alive.

You know, when Cao Bianjiao raided Huang Taiji, the rest of the Ming army was already in flight because of "lack of food". Only Cao Bianjiao and Hong Chengchou guarded Songshan. Visible Ming army if adventure, fighting capacity is not bad.

In the battle of Jinsong, urged by Chongzhen, the Ming army was "short of food", defeated 1.3 million soldiers and horses, and killed more than 50 thousand people, which was a serious injury. However, the Qing army then attacked Ningyuan and was defeated and fled by Wu Sangui.

Objectively speaking, Chongzhen is not without a chance to make a comeback. If we can withdraw from Jinzhou and Ningyuan and take Shanhaiguan as the defense line, the Ming Dynasty will have enough resources to deal with the Qing army and the peasant army.

The Eight Banners are not monolithic, and Huang Taiji also needs to deal with Manchu nobles and consolidate imperial power, so he advocates peaceful coexistence with the Ming Dynasty. Even after the war of Jinsong, Huang Taiji offered to make peace, hoping to stop the army.

For the Ming Dynasty, guarding Jinzhou had no practical significance. The purpose of guarding Jinzhou was to recover Liaodong, but after Chongzhen succeeded to the throne, the Ming Dynasty had limited financial resources and could not achieve its goal.

Retreat to Shanhaiguan, abandon the isolated city outside Shanhaiguan, and rely directly on mainland reinforcements. The Qing army can't take the Ming army. Once130,000 soldiers and horses are transferred, Li Zicheng and Zhang will be cleaned up, and then we will concentrate on holding the provinces of Gyeonggi, and Chongzhen will be successful.

There was a heated debate in the Ming Dynasty about whether to save Jinzhou. Chongzhen chose to rescue, but deceived himself. The 130,000 elite soldiers were defeated, and there were no soldiers available in the pass, which could not stop the growth of the peasant army. The Ming Dynasty was beset with internal troubles and foreign invasion.