Main representatives: French philosopher and sociologist Little Knohl and British educator Percy Neng.
Key points: Educational activities exist not only in human society, but also in the animal kingdom. The emergence of human social education is a biological process, biological impulse is the main driving force of education, and human social education is the inheritance, perfection and development of animal kingdom. Education comes from animal instinct, which is the instinctive need of racial development.
2 psychological origin theory
The main representative: Lu Meng, a famous American educator, said that the origin of educational psychology was based on criticizing the origin of educational biology.
Main points: Meng Lu explained the origin of education from the perspective of psychology, and thought that the forms and methods of primitive education were mainly children's unconscious imitation of adult life in daily life.
3 labor origin theory (social origin theory)
Main representatives: Soviet educationists Midinsky and Kailov. The theory of labor origin is formed under the guidance of Marxist historical materialism on the basis of directly criticizing the theory of biological origin and the theory of psychological origin.
Key points:
First, human education originated from the needs of labor and labor process;
Second, education is a unique social activity of human society;
Thirdly, education is restricted by the development of human language and consciousness; Fourth, since the birth of education, its function is to transmit the experience of production and life formed in the process of labor.
Extended data:
The process of education starts from a person's birth and lasts for a lifetime, bringing lasting and profound changes to people. Some people even think that education can start earlier. Some parents influence the growing fetus in the uterus through external words and music, and carry out prenatal education, hoping to give their children a positive and healthy development.
Multiple Examinations of the Essence of Education
(1) Connotation: The so-called essence of education refers to the fundamental feature that education, as a social activity, is different from other social activities, that is, the question of "what is education". It reflects the inherent stipulation of educational activities, that is, the fundamental characteristics of educational activities.
(2) Four views on the essence of education: superstructure theory; Productivity theory; Special category theory; Multiple attribute theory.
(3) Human education is social and purposeful, which is essentially different from animal instinct education. The essence of human education is a purposeful social activity to cultivate people. Mainly manifested in the following three points. First, education is a unique social phenomenon of human beings. Second, education is to cultivate the educated consciously, purposefully and consciously. Thirdly, there is a relationship among educators, educatees and educational influence.
The only feature of macro education is "focusing on people's quality and ability", which shows that judging whether an activity is education is not the result. In reality, not all educational activities can achieve the expected results, and some even fail. However, some activities, such as research activities and publicity activities, can affect people's quality and ability, but they are not recognized as educational activities.
When people hold different positions and pay attention to people's quality and ability, they can look at people's quality and ability from both positive and negative aspects, develop and strengthen some people's quality and ability positively, and weaken and restrain some people's quality and ability negatively.
People's qualities and abilities can be divided into congenital and acquired. Innate, like other animals, is created by the long-term evolution of nature. What is obtained can be divided into two situations, one is obtained or realized unintentionally; Secondly, it was deliberately made by people. Macro-education summarizes all activities deliberately carried out for people's quality and ability.
In the field of education, there are various definitions of "education", which can be said that different people have different opinions. Generally speaking, people define "education" from two different angles, one is the social angle and the other is the individual angle.
The former Soviet Union and China generally define "education" from a social perspective, while educators in Britain and the United States generally define "education" from an individual perspective. To define "education" from a social perspective, we can divide the definition of "education" into different levels:
(1) In a broad sense, any activity that improves people's knowledge and skills and affects people's ideology and morality is education. "Education" is regarded as a subsystem in the whole social system, which distributes and undertakes certain social functions.
The most essential understanding of education is the knowledge instillation and behavior guidance of people's thoughts by society; First, the object of education is people; Second, the content must be benign and meaningful. So that people can transform society.
(2) Narrow sense: refers to the sublimation of individual spirit. This definition emphasizes the influence of social factors on individual development. Defining "education" from a personal point of view is often equivalent to an individual's learning or development process.
(3) In a narrow sense, it mainly refers to school education, which refers to the activities that educators have a purposeful, planned and organized influence on the educated according to the requirements of a certain society or class, and cultivate them into people needed by a certain society or class. This mainly refers to the exam-oriented education in China campus.
Education is a practical activity to promote individual socialization and social individualization under a certain social background.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-education