Hu was a pioneer of women's movement in modern Sichuan and an influential revolutionary woman warrior in modern China. Her life is full of legends. Natural beauty, known as "beauty", appeared on the cover of Good Friends Pictorial as a fashionable girl in the Republic of China. As an internationally influential writer, she was recognized by Stalin as Gorky's coffin keeper. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, she was awarded the rank of Major General of the Kuomintang and became the first female general in modern China. As party member, a secret of the Chinese Communist Party who has been engaged in United front work for a long time, she is good friends with He Xiangning, Li, Chen Yi, Wu, Liao Chengzhi and Cheng. Due to many contacts and complicated experiences with Kuomintang people, she is very suspicious and her personal fate has experienced twists and turns. Among them, her association with Janssen, a warlord in Sichuan, has become a topic of great concern.
From worshipping Janssen to destroying families and leaving their homes.
1901On June 22nd, Hu was born in Jiangyuan Gongsuo Street, Beimen, Chengdu, Sichuan. Hu Dahai was the founder of the Ming Dynasty, and his father Hu Qingyun was the elder brother of the Presbyterian Church. The whole family engaged in "anti-Qing and rejuvenation" activities. Hu, who lives in such a family, has been influenced by some citizens' moral education and progressive thoughts since childhood.
1In the winter of 920, 19-year-old Hu Congcheng was forced to marry a businessman Yang Jiazhi. Due to different interests and ambitions, Hu fled Chengdu soon after his marriage and became a teacher in a girls' school in southern Sichuan. 1923, the marriage relationship with Yang Jiazhi was officially dissolved by relatives and friends.
Herzog
During this period, Yin, commander of Yongning Road, the ninth division of Sichuan Army, vigorously promoted new reforms, learned from the West, and was determined to build 25 counties in southern Sichuan into new southern Sichuan. He attached great importance to developing industry, rectifying the city appearance, advocating sports, building roads and planting trees, paying special attention to educational reform and advocating coeducation. He also hired the chairman of the China Youth Federation as the chief of education, and Commissioner Yun as the provost of Luzhou Chuannan Normal School. At the moment, Luzhou Daoyin Office has brought a fresh air to Luzhou.
192 1 autumn, Hu, who is committed to advocating a new road, came to the primary school affiliated to South Sichuan Normal University to teach with progressive young Zhu. Yang Sen personally went to the school to give lectures and invited teachers and students to visit his "model room", which was neatly furnished and spotless. Hu began to associate with Yang Sen.1In the spring of 922, Luzhou held a joint sports meeting of 25 counties in southern Sichuan. The girlfriend of Mao Dun, a famous writer of Hu, opened a women's barber shop in the playground canteen to promote women's haircuts. Our wives, Yang Jiafeng and Liu, and a group of directors' wives all came to perform, and business was booming. Hu once became famous and was regarded as Yang Sen's "confidante".
In Luzhou, under the influence of Wu, Yun and others, Hu Jia joined the Marxist Research Association, co-founded the Sichuan Women's Federation with another legendary woman since the Revolution of 1911, and participated in the preparations for the South Sichuan Women's Federation and the Chengdu Women's Federation. At this time, Janssen was defeated in the warlord melee, and his warlord face began to show. Hu then met with Yang Sen and asked to send his students to study abroad. Yang Sen only agreed and decided to keep Hu around. 1February, 923, returned to Chengdu to mourn Hu. Because Chengyu Road was a battlefield at that time, Yang Sen wrote her a note and sent someone to escort her all the way. Hu risked his life to record the troops and military deployment along the way, and wrote to Yang Sen to report. After returning to Chengdu, Hu organized the first women's group.
In Chengdu Yang Mansion, Hu met Yang Sen and talked about going abroad. However, Yang Sen said, "I think you should stay in Sichuan." Two days later, our housekeeper, Mrs. Tian Hengqiu, accompanied Hu to the park. She said, "Sister, I want to discuss something with you." Hu asked, "What is it?" Tian Hengqiu said, "The commander asked me to talk to you. Many people outside say that you are his favorite. He said, "Welcome to our home. We will live together." Hu flew into a rage: "I associate with this commander only to support his new career in Luzhou, while he continues to carry forward the spirit of new Sichuan South and advocate new culture and new ideas in Chengdu. As for being a family, you can't do it! "Soon, he was appointed governor of Sichuan, and his adjutant personally sent a red invitation to Hu, inviting him to be the chief waiter at the inauguration ceremony. Hu refused because his father was very filial.
From 65438 to 0924, the cooperation between Kuomintang and Communist Party officially began, and the national revolution was in full swing. And Yang Sen suppressed the mass rally in Chengdu and closed the Jiazi Daily, which exposed his real warlord's face. Hu is determined to leave Chengdu and get rid of his control. At that time, the National Federation of Students will hold the sixth student congress in Shanghai, and Hu and Hu will attend as representatives of the Sichuan Women's Federation. In order to raise money, I had to go to see Yang Sen, Hu, Yu Zehong, Yang Sen, Hu, Yu, Xu Theory of Three Represents, 50 yuan, Hu He 100 yuan. Lan Qi politely declined, but Yang Sen insisted on sending it. He used the money to treat his five wives and 18 children to western food, bought a dress for each child, and gave the rest to the soldiers and servants at home. In order to raise money, Hu mortgaged his house to his relatives, took out 50 yuan from 200 yuan's money and gave it to another Theory of Three Represents theory, and then left his former residence for a meeting in Shanghai. However, Hu's just behavior of destroying his family and abandoning his children was not understood by the organization and his application for joining the party was not approved. A representative told her, "The Central Committee said that the 50 yuan sent by Yuan You is not your own money, but it may be the detective fee that Janssen sent you to join this group."
From Yang's Marriage to Revolutionary Road
After the Congress of the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Hu, Hu and others returned to Chengdu, but Hu did not want to return to Chengdu and stay in Chongqing. Half a month later, Hu Xueyan wrote to persuade Hu Xueyan to hurry back to Chengdu, saying that Yang Sen asked Hu Xueyan to be the director of the orphanage, and there were still many things to do. At this time, Hu, who was in financial difficulties, was very angry after reading the letter. He would rather live a hard life than go back to Chengdu to live under his protection. Mao Dun, a famous writer, learned Hu's story from his girlfriend. His first novel "Rainbow" is based on Hu's novel "Rainbow", and the beautiful and determined heroine Mei in the book is one of them.
1in March, 925, Hu was introduced by Yang Jintang, an old neighbor of Chengdu, and married Chen Mengyun, a young officer in Sichuan. 1926 In March, Hu and Chen Mengyun went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and were assigned to work in the Women's Department of the Central Organization Department headed by He Xiangning. In Guangzhou, I met with representatives of China, such as Deng, Deng and Li Fuchun, and other leftists of the Kuomintang, such as He Xiangning, Li and Li Zongren. 1926 Autumn, when the Northern Expedition was in full swing, Hu was transferred back to Sichuan to lead the women's movement and set up the Hechuan Women's Federation. Soon, Wuhan Central Military and Political School came to Sichuan to recruit women's teams. Hu Mengyun broke through Chen Mengyun's resistance, resolutely joined the army, successfully entered Wuhan Central Military Academy, and was incorporated into the women's team. In the military academy, Hu thought progress, and asked to join China. However, due to her special relationship with Yang Sen and Chen Mengyun, although the famous military academy literature was actually introduced by Chen Yi, the head of the Chinese Communist Military Academy, the party organization never made a clear statement.
After returning to Chengdu, Yang Sen has become a full-fledged warlord and no longer has the ambition to build a new southern Sichuan. 1925, Sichuan warlords joined forces and drove him from Chengdu to Wanxian. The Wuhan National Government appointed Zhu De to Wanxian to mobilize Yang Sen to take part in the revolution, and appointed Yang as the commander of the 20th National Revolutionary Army. But he has always been two-faced, secretly voting for Wu and Chiang Kai-shek. 1927 In May, Yang Sen and Xia Douyin jointly attacked Wuhan under the command of Chiang Kai-shek. Under the command of Ye Ting, the commander of the 24th Division, the Wuhan government set out from Wuchang overnight to meet Yang Sen and Xia Douyin. The women's team of the Central Military Academy was also ordered to set up a propaganda team and a rescue team to set off with the troops. Wuhan defeated Xia Douyin in the battle of Tutang and completed the task of "attracting sheep" in Xiantao Town. Janssen's army was wiped out. The Hu women's team sang all the way and accused Yang Sen of committing crimes, which greatly encouraged the morale of the revolutionary army. A sudden illness occurred in Xiantao town, and Hu was too excited, accusing Yang Sen of committing a crime and suddenly suffering from acute laryngitis. The doctor had to send her to the fire brigade and retreat to Xujiapeng Station for inspection.
Hu attended the first meeting of Soviet writers.
1July, 927, Wang Jingwei counterrevolutionary, Nanjing merged into South Korea, and Wuhan Military Academy was dissolved. After obtaining the sixth graduation certificate of Wuhan Branch of Hu Central Military and Political School, at the request of Chen Yi, she went to work in the Central Women's Department, joined He Xiangning, joined the left wing of the Kuomintang, and covered many members. Later, Hu came to Nanchang, participated in the establishment of Jiangxi Revolutionary Action Committee, engaged in the anti-Chiang movement, and served as the director of Jiangxi Orphan and Disabled Children Relief Center, which is why Yang Sen hoped Hu would return to Chengdu. 1In February, 929, Chiang Kai-shek personally ordered the 1 1 key criminals headed by Hu Hu to be expelled from Jiangxi, which was consistent with the decision of the Jiangxi provincial government to send Hu Hu to Europe to inspect social relief. For Hu, this is really a rescue. From 65438 to 0929, I started a long career of studying abroad, which is also my wish for Yang Sen many times.
Leave the noisy place of right and wrong and start a new life and pursuit. 1930 10 with the help of Liao Chengzhi, Cheng and Cheng, he finally joined the * * * organization in Berlin and became a brave soldier on the secret front of our party. During this period, he got to know Soong Ching Ling, Zeng Dejin and other celebrities. After September 18th, Hu went to Germany to organize the "German Overseas Chinese Anti-imperialist Alliance". He was imprisoned by Hitler's secret police for three months for editing the anti-imperialist monthly magazine, propagating the anti-Japanese national salvation and exposing fascist plots. After being rescued by Soong Ching Ling and Lu Xun, Hu came to Paris and published his prison experience in German women's prison in Le Monde, which had a wide influence in the world.
Uprising from War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to Zhan Sen
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in Songhu, Hu volunteered to recruit progressive young women. 1October 5th, 1937, 10. With the support of He Xiangning, the Shanghai Working Women's Field Service Corps was established. In the afternoon, the female soldiers went to the anti-Japanese front line to carry out publicity and education and field rescue work. The story of Hu China's heroic killing of the enemy was adapted into a Peking Opera "A Bird's Eye of the War", which was deeply loved by the officers and men of the army and staged many times.
Janssen's Sichuan Army was also ordered to go to Shanghai to resist Japan. Janssen took the lead in the anti-Japanese war in the Sichuan Army, and used relatively backward weapons to resist the fierce fire of the Japanese army. The officers and men stood their ground, sacrificed their lives and won glory for the Sichuan army. 65438+ 10 65438+July, Hu and other Shanghai cultural figures braved the bullets and went to the command post of the 20th Army of Nanxiang Station to express their condolences to Yang Sen, and also personally went to the battlefield to interview the famous war correspondent Fan Changjiang, and co-authored excellent newsletters such as "Sichuan Army and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression" and "Sichuan Army at the Front", which had an important influence at that time.
After the failure of the Sino-Japanese War in Songhu, Hu led the field army to retreat. When I arrived at Caoqiao in Changzhou, I was bombed by enemy planes, and there was a danger of darkness on the road.
The field army led by Hu is the longest and largest field army in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. In more than three years, the girls led by Hu have traveled all over Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Henan and other provinces, and are known as "flowers of the battlefield" and "contemporary Mulan".
1In July, 939, at the opening ceremony of Yan 'an Chinese Women's University, China women's positive role in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was highly praised. In particular, it is mentioned: "China women actively participate in front-line work, such as the field service corps organized by Hu and Ding Ling. They worked hard at the front line and were praised by the people all over the country. " In the summer of 1939, Hu came to Chongqing. Soon, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Hu as the instructor of the Wild Party Committee of the Military Commission of the National Government and sent her to work in the third, sixth and ninth war zones. Hu became the first female general in modern China. Hu used his special position to do a lot of useful work for the party.
65438-0945, Yang Sen became the chairman of Guizhou provincial government. Although he hit the nail on the head several times when he married Hu, he always had a good impression of Hu. 1946 In March, when she was in Chongqing, Tian Hengqiu said to her, "The old man came back for a meeting and stayed for a few days. He said that you went to Guizhou as the president of Guizhou Daily, the organ newspaper of Guizhou provincial government. I hope you can go as soon as possible. "
After Hu Guiyang took office, the purpose of Guiyang Daily was to "publicize the achievements of the provincial government in finance, economy and health, and not to join party struggles", which was recognized by Yang Sen, thus avoiding the wanton attack on our party. In August, the Kuomintang newspaper called * * * a "bandit party", but Guizhou Daily never published its position of "suppressing the Communist Party", which was related to Yang Sen's support for Hu. Knowing that this could not continue, Hu resigned as chairman and left Guizhou on the grounds of dealing with Jiangxi farm.
Janssen's eldest son, Yang Hanxing, had contact with Hu You when he was studying in Germany and joined China. During his work in Guizhou Daily, Hu often corresponded with Yang Hanlie, the second son of Yang Sen, because of Yang Hanxing. 1948 After the Spring Festival, Hu left Chengdu for Jiangxi and made a special trip to Yangfu when passing through Guiyang. When talking about the present situation of the Kuomintang-Communist War, Yang Hanlie said: "I think * * * will win this time." Hu asked, "What about you?" Yang Hanlie said, "You can't be a white flower!" Return to the people's arms.