The initials are: B, P, M, F, D, T, N, L, G, K, H, J, Q, X, zh, ch, sh, R, Z, C, S.

The vowels are: a, o, e, I, u, v, ai, ei, ui, ao, ou, iu, ie, ve, er, an, en, in, un, vn, ang, eng, ing, ong.

I. Introduction to Pinyin

Pinyin is the process of pinyin festival, that is, according to the rules of syllable formation in Putonghua, the initials and finals are quickly and continuously spelled and combined with tones to form a syllable.

Second, the spelling method of Pinyin

1, phonetic and rhythmic spelling

Take vowels as a whole and spell them with initials. Such as: h-ao→ (Hao).

2. Two spellings of initials

First find out the pronunciation position of the initials, pose the pronunciation posture, and then pronounce the finals in one breath and spell them into syllables. For example, to spell bā (ba), first close your lips, hold your breath, put on the sound of b, and then pronounce a syllable in one breath.

3. Three-pin link method

It is to analyze the syllable with intermediate sound into three parts: sound, medium and rhyme, and read it into a syllable with pinyin. Such as: q-I-ng → ng (strong)

4. Phonetic mediation and vowel connection.

It is to put initials and middle consonants together to form phonetic components, and then put them together with the vowels behind. Such as: guāng→guāng (light).

Third, the influence of Pinyin.

Chinese words from hanyu pinyin have entered the English vocabulary system one after another. In fact, in daily life, many Chinese loanwords have occupied a place in the English vocabulary system and become an indispensable part of it.

There are three main reasons for this phenomenon. First, English is highly open and inclusive, with many foreign words. Second, the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing frequency of cultural exchanges will inevitably promote vocabulary borrowing between languages; Third, the international status of Chinese is getting higher and higher, and it has a greater influence on English, which is also the most important point.