The theory of biological origin: representative figures: French sociologist Little Noe and British educator Percy Nellittle Noe hold that animals, based on their natural instinct for survival and reproduction, produce the behavior of transmitting "experience" and "skills" to small animals, which is the initial form and origin of education. Percy can's point of view: the origin belongs to the instinctive behavior of animals, and it belongs to the innate biological behavior similar to animal instinct. The process of education is an instinctive process according to biological laws, which completely denies the difference between humans and animals and the sociality of education.

Endogenesis: The representative figure is American educator Monroe's view that education in primitive society "generally adopts simple unconscious imitation." In this primitive community, children's unconscious imitation of older members is the initial development of education.

On the origin of labor: representatives: Bishop, Hill, Max Dessault, plekhanov. Viewpoint: Labor has created a demand for literary activities. People's activities are accompanied by a conscious purpose, which is set for some needs. Third, labor is an important part of literary description.