Next, I will elaborate and summarize the nature, content, failure reasons and lessons of the Westernization Movement. I. Nature and Content of Westernization Movement The Westernization Movement was a large-scale attempt to introduce and apply foreign science and technology in China in the Qing Dynasty, and it was the bud of Chinese national capitalism. Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo and others, brave generals in charge of studying abroad, actively promoted political reform throughout the country, set up the Westernization Machine Bureau in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and hired experts from Britain, the United States and France to provide technical assistance. We tried to reform and modernize in technology, military, industry, commerce and education, hoping to strengthen China's strength and provide support for the Qing Dynasty to maintain its rule.
The result of Westernization Movement was not satisfactory. Although Zeng Guofan and others have a high social status and professional skills, for various reasons, the Westernization Machinery Bureau has not fully played its role and cannot promote the modernization process of China. One of the most important problems is the lack of a comprehensive and systematic plan. At the same time, some institutions have corruption in management, which also leads to the loss of due development opportunities for the Westernization Machinery Bureau.
Second, the reasons for the failure of the Westernization Movement 1. Lack of a comprehensive and systematic plan
China tried to introduce foreign technologies and systems through the Westernization Movement, but failed to establish a sound national policy and system, which made the imported technologies unsuitable for China's national conditions. In addition, due to the lack of various institutions, there is no systematic industry, which leads to little effect in the whole Westernization Movement.
2. Control cabinet corruption
Although the Westernization Machinery Bureau is strictly managed by itself, the expansion of its scale and the introduction of high-quality machinery and equipment have made the problem of national corruption obvious. Some institutions have great power in the appointment and dismissal of personnel, making their posts a tool to seek benefits, which not only damages the professionalism of the institutions, but also increases the risk of the Westernization Machine Bureau.
3. Bad investment
One of the core institutions of the Westernization Movement is the Westernization Machine Bureau. However, most people in this bureau have limited experience and investment ability, so they can't arrange the whole industrial chain in the design of Westernization Machinery Bureau and lack strong investment support, which leads to some important equipment not being deeply developed and further promoted.
Lessons from the Westernization Movement 1. We should not blindly introduce foreign science and technology, but should consider the national conditions.
The Westernization Movement has a major defect, that is, the imported foreign science and technology is not in line with China's national conditions, and it is also not conducive to China's independent scientific and technological research and innovation ability. We should take this as a warning, strengthen local scientific and technological research and development, and gradually realize independent innovation. In particular, we must adhere to the awareness of independent innovation and actively explore ways that are in line with national conditions.
We can't ignore the overall planning, but strengthen the organization and coordination.
Although the Westernization Movement has high technical content and influence, due to poor organization and coordination, it not only failed to form a complete industrial system, but also faced the abuse of management power. Therefore, we need to ensure the management ability of the organization, strengthen strict organizational coordination and management, improve organizational efficiency, and treat problems and deficiencies objectively.
3. Pay attention to the training of scientists and technicians.
In the process of Westernization Movement, it is very important to train scientists and technical personnel. However, in the Westernization Movement, the power game of reorganizing the cabinet stepped onto the historical stage, which covered up the foundation of the expansion of the Westernization Machine Bureau and led to the subsequent shrinkage of the Westernization Machine Bureau. Therefore, we need to attach importance to the cultivation of scientific and technological talents, establish and improve the training and incentive mechanism, and attract more talents to develop in the field of science and technology.
Personally, the Westernization Movement was indeed a failed experience, but it was also instructive. In other words, in the process of modernization, the government's leadership and decision-making play a vital role. At the same time, we should pay attention to developing modern enterprises, popularizing new science and technology and improving the quality of talents. Only in this way can the Chinese nation gain a stronger territory on the world stage and gain a more equal position and a broader development space on the international stage.
5. Summarize and draw lessons from history, constantly strengthen the cultivation of independent innovation ability and scientific and technological talents, prevent excessive embrace of foreign technology, conduct more effective management, organization and coordination, especially make sufficient efforts in strengthening financial input and optimizing legal system, so as to promote China's modernization, achieve better results and effectively narrow the development gap with world powers.