Pavel Colta King (3)
Make a living by cooking rice. He was expelled from school because he hated that the priest looked down on him and sprinkled ash on the Easter cake at the priest's house. /kloc-when he was 0/2 years old, his mother sent him to the station canteen to do odd jobs and was humiliated there, so he hated the shopkeepers who bullied the poor and the rich who wasted their time. After the "October Revolution" broke out, imperialists and reactionaries attempted to strangle the nascent Soviet regime. Paul's hometown, the Ukrainian town of Shchepetovka, has also experienced years of foreign armed intervention and civil war. The Red Army liberated the town of Shchepetovka, but soon retreated. Only Vic He Ju of George H.W. Bush was left in town to do underground work. Zhu is very friendly. He taught Paul English boxing and cultivated Paul's simple revolutionary enthusiasm. Once, Paul was put in prison for saving Zhu. Then the enemy put him in the wrong place because of negligence. Paul was afraid of falling back into the clutches and didn't dare to go home, so he involuntarily came to the front of tonya's garden and jumped into it. Because Paul saved Niya on his last fishing trip, and she liked his "passionate and stubborn" personality, so her arrival made her very happy. Paul also thinks that tonya is different from other rich girls. They all feel hazy love. In order to take refuge, he agreed to tonya's request and stayed. A few days later, tonya found Paul's older brother, Aerjiaom, and he sent his older brother Kochakin to Khartoum to join the Red Army. [ 1-2]
Paul worked as a scout after joining the army and later became a cavalry. He is a brave soldier on the battlefield and an excellent political propagandist. He especially likes reading Gadfly, Spartacus and other works, and often reads aloud or tells stories to his comrades. In a fierce battle, his head was badly injured, but he overcame his death with tenacious perseverance. His physical condition prevented him from returning to the front, so he immediately devoted himself to restoring and building the country. He worked in the league, eliminated counter-revolutionaries and devoted himself to hard manual labor. In particular, the work of building railways is particularly difficult; Autumn rain, mud, heavy snow, frozen soil, lack of clothes and food, open-air accommodation, harassment by armed bandits and the threat of disease. At a gathering of workers' comrades, Paul was laughed at and ridiculed by the workers because he went with tonya, who was beautifully dressed and neatly dressed. Paul realized that tonya was not in the same class as himself, and hoped that she could stand on the same front with him, but she refused, and their feelings had to be split, so Paul left tonya. When I saw her again when I was building the railway, she had married a rich engineer. [ 1-2]
When Paul was the secretary of the Youth League Committee in the railway factory, he had frequent contact with Lida, a member of the Youth League Committee, but Paul held back his feelings for Lida in the spirit of "gadfly". Later, he mistook Rita's brother for her lover, and finally made up his mind to break off their feelings, thus losing the opportunity to fall in love with her. At the end of the road construction work, Paul got typhoid fever and caused pneumonia, so the organization had to send Paul back to his hometown to recuperate. On the way, Paul was falsely reported dead, but Paul defeated death for the fourth time and returned to the world. After his illness, he returned to work and joined the party. Due to various injuries and selfless work, Paul's physique is getting worse and worse, and he has lost his ability to work. The party organization had to terminate his work and let him stay in hospital for a long time. [ 1-2]
While recuperating at the seaside, he came across Daya, a female migrant worker, and fell in love. While constantly helping Daya to make progress, Paul began to study tenaciously and improve his writing ability. 1927, Paul was completely paralyzed and then became blind. The raging disease finally bound the soldier full of fighting passion to the hospital bed. Paul once had suicidal thoughts, but he soon got out of the trough. This paralyzed, blind man with no writing experience began his heroic career-literary creation. Paul endured great physical and mental pain. First, he writes in a cardboard box. Six months later, the written manuscript was lost when a friend sent it back, and Paul was once depressed. Later, he pulled himself together, dictated by himself and asked someone to record it for him. With the help of his mother and wife, his novel Born in the Storm, written with his life, was finally published. The iron ring of life has been completely shattered, and Paul picked up new weapons and started a new life. [ 1-2]
2 works catalog editing
chapter one
Entering society for the first time
chapter two
Gun theft incident
chapter three
Do you know Tonya
chapter four
The Jews suffered.
chapter five
Attack the convoy
Chapter vi
After being arrested
Chapter VII
Seyosha joined the army.
Chapter VIII
Charge and smash enemy positions
Chapter 9
narrowly/barely escape with one's death
Chapter 10
Station encounter
Bankruptcy reorganization protection
Killing thieves at night
Chapter XII
Prepare for a holiday
Chapter 13
Transfer someone to another post
Chapter 14
no regrets for youth
Chapter 15
Fight for a new life
* (This catalogue is based on People's Literature Publishing House and Phoenix Publishing House) [2]
3-Character Introduction Editor
Pavel Korchagin
Born into a poor family of railway workers in Ukraine, he lost his father in his early years and was very poor. My mother made a living by washing and cooking for others until my brother worked. Later, I went to work in the provincial committee for eliminating counter-revolutionaries. His wife is the third lover, Daya Kocak.
Paul's personality: tenacious, persistent, hard-working, enterprising, brave, dedicated, tolerant, honest, strong and unyielding to fate.
Paul's spirit: the spirit of self-sacrifice, tenacious will, unshakable faith and love of reading. [2]
Tonia
Paul's first love was the daughter of a forestry official; Pure and kind, beautiful and moving. She once introduced the novel The Gadfly to Paul. The book inspired his thoughts. Tonia met Pavel Colta King by chance. Because of his stubbornness and enthusiasm, she fell in love with him unconsciously, but because of her class background, she did not take part in the great struggle to defend the Soviet regime like many young people at that time, so Paul gave up their feelings. [2]
Zhuhelai
* * *, a strong Red Army soldier, is good at leading and organizing the masses. He united the broad masses of workers well in the revolutionary struggle and educated countless young people. Paul grew up under his education and training. [2]
Aerjiaom
It's Paul's brother, train driver, locksmith and chairman of the city Soviet. He has the noble qualities of the working class and fought tirelessly with the enemy. He is Zhu's best assistant. [2]
LiDa
An excellent * * * member is the object that Paul deeply loves; Beautiful, witty, simple and capable, kind and firm. She loves her work, is good at making suggestions, can actively respond to emergencies, and does not let personal feelings affect the overall situation of her work. She has a clear love and hate, loves the communism she believes in, and has the same interests with Paul. [2]
Other characters
Selyosha Bruzak-Paul's childhood friend, a Red Army soldier and secretary of the Communist Youth League Committee.
Valeria Bruzak-Selyosha's sister, a member of the Communist Youth League.
Du Man Togna's father, a forestry official.
Ivan Zaki-Red Army soldier, secretary of the Communist Youth League District Committee
Ignat pankratov-Docker, secretary of the Communist Youth League of the freight station.
Nikolai okunev —— Secretary of the Communist Youth League in the Garage and Secretary of the Communist Youth League District Committee.
Dorynnik Carpenter, the underground worker of the Party, and the chairman of the Municipal Revolutionary Committee.
Achim —— Secretary of the Communist Youth League Provincial Committee and Secretary of the Ukrainian Communist Youth League Central Committee.
Tokarev, an old locksmith, captain of the road construction team and secretary of the district party committee.
Alexander Puzyrevski-Leader of the Red Army
Old Bolshevik
Politowski-Train Driver
Brouzet Zach zahar Brou Zach Xie's father, co-driver of the train.
Maria Jakovleff-Paul's mother, the cook of the tax official, and a faithful believer.
Daya Kochakina (nickname: Dayusha)-female worker, Paul's wife.
Dmitry Dubava —— Trotskyite Communist Youth League Committee Secretary
Volodya Tufta-Minister of Registration and Distribution Department of the Communist Youth League Provincial Committee, Trotskyite.
Cvita's-Trotskyite, Secretary of the Communist Youth League Committee of the Railway Factory.
Father Vasily, member of Ukrainian Social Revolutionary Party, counter-revolutionary.
Victor Lescinsky-Polish hereditary aristocrat, middle school student and informer.
Petriula-the leader of the white robber
Nellie Lessinskaya-Polish hereditary aristocrat, Viktor's sister.
Floria-Paul worked with her when he was a child, and she took care of him after he was injured.
Krimka-Paul's childhood friend [2]
4 Creative background editing
Time background
Chinese cover
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, with the end of the new economic policy and the establishment of Stalin's political and economic system, the literary and art circles also demanded a highly centralized and unified situation. During Stalin's period, the state educated young people with the idea of "great unity", paying special attention to the important role of literature and art in cultivating young people's communist moral quality. Stalin demanded that literary works should "pursue direct propaganda purposes", and many works were written to instill "communist ideals" in young people. The official emphasizes that the task of literature is to "transform and educate the working people with the socialist spirit", and the most direct means for literature and art to accomplish this educational function is to create heroes who embody the socialist spirit and communist ideals. The theme of Soviet literature in this period is to praise the socialist transformation and construction, praise the party and leaders, and shape the glorious image of the new Soviet people. The task of Soviet literature is to create a figure who absolutely believes in communism according to communist ideology and describe him as authentic. Ostrovsky responded to the official call and began to write Steel. Paul's simple class feelings, fanatical dedication, beautiful vision of communism and absolute obedience to leaders are exactly what Stalin needs to carry out his line. [3]
Personal background
1927 At the beginning of this year, 22-year-old ostrovsky was sick in bed because of paralysis, and her eyes were blind. While fighting against the disease, ostrovsky decided to show his face and personal life experience through literary works. He wrote a novella about the growth and heroic battle of kotov cavalry brigade. But he wrote a novel and asked his wife to send it to his comrades in the kotov Cavalry Brigade in Odessa for advice. Comrades commented on the novel enthusiastically, but the manuscript was lost by the post office on the way back. However, this did not defeat him. While studying at Sverdlov Communist Correspondence University, he began to conceive how steel was tempered. He wrote this book in his hospital bed for three years. This story is based on his personal experience. [3]
5 comments appreciate editing
Literary appreciation
How steel was tempered is a famous work in Soviet socialist literature. The main achievement of the work is to create Pavel Colta King, a perfect artistic model. When describing this character, the author strictly follows the truth of life, and does not regard Paul's strong will and strong character as innate, but thinks that it is tempered by heroic fighting and hard struggle, hard study and strict self-discipline. [4]
The novel truly and profoundly depicts the vast picture of Ukrainian life before and after the October Revolution, and shapes the glorious image of a generation of heroes represented by Pavel Colta King. Pavel Kochakin, the hero, had a miserable childhood. Young Paul was arrested to save the old Bolshevik Zhu who fell into enemy hands. He was indomitable in prison. After he was released from prison, he joined the army and fought bloody battles with budyonny cavalry in Kotovschi cavalry brigade. After being seriously injured, the doctors deeply admired his amazing endurance. He left the army after leaving the hospital. Whether working in the Communist Youth League, eliminating counter-revolutionaries, or taking part in the hard work of building railways, he showed the dauntless spirit of sticking to the truth and defying difficulties and obstacles, and also had a serious attitude and spiritual realm on the issue of love. Cruel war, hard work and heavy work made Paul sick, blind and paralyzed, but he engaged in literary creation with amazing perseverance and finally succeeded. [5]
By revealing Paul's resolute character of daring to overcome any difficulties and hardships for the cause of the party and the people, the novel vividly tells the younger generation what is the communist ideal and how to work hard for it. What kind of life a revolutionary soldier should lead is the theme of the novel. What Paul said when he visited the cemetery of his female comrade-in-arms, Valen, is a confession of his communist outlook on life and also an exposition of the theme of the novel: "A person's most precious thing is life, and life belongs to him only once. A man's life should be spent like this: when he looks back on the past, he will not regret wasting his time, nor will he be ashamed of doing nothing. In this way, when he dies, he can say,' My life and all my energy have been devoted to the most magnificent cause in the world-the struggle for the liberation of mankind.' " [5]
"How Steel was Tempered" is very popular with readers because of its vivid and lively language, shocking spiritual strength and thought-provoking philosophy of life. This kind of shocking power that can only be produced by truth enables readers to fully integrate into ostrovsky's life and emotional world and his works. Therefore, when he stood up against the ruthless fate with a warrior's superhuman perseverance, generate showed extraordinary light in the fierce collision between ordinary life and fate. This kind of light is eternal and can always bring light and strength to a pale heart. [5]
Celebrity review
This is a novel with lofty idealism;
(2) Successfully created pavel korchagin's proletarian hero image;
(3) novels are mainly narrative and description, including inner monologues, letters and diaries, aphorisms and so on. Interspersed among them, the characters are lifelike.
④ The description of scenery, psychology and environment in the novel is also excellent, and the language is concise, beautiful and expressive. Character image-typical plot-personality characteristics: Pavel Colta King worked as a child laborer and was tortured and insulted at the lowest level of society since he was a child. Later, under the influence of Zhu, he gradually embarked on the revolutionary road. After that, he experienced a series of life challenges and made himself stronger and stronger. Even when the injury mercilessly took away his health and forced him to lie in the hospital bed, he still did not give in to fate, but wrote with tenacious perseverance and practiced his life oath in another way. It has the spirit of dedication to the ideal, firm belief, iron will and noble quality of tenacious struggle.
This book has a great influence on my growth. The strong heroism, idealism and dedication in the book have become the most important pillars of my spiritual life for a long time. [6]
—— Jason: Excerpted from a comprehensive report book, Two Countries, Three Generations, Beijing Youth Daily, February 2000 16.
At present, there is no such pure, touching and vivid image in the whole Soviet literature. Sholokhov said that this is a life textbook. But in the eyes of some western scholars, this is just a myth concocted by Stalin's propaganda agency. Mark Slonim said it was "simple in writing and loose in structure", while Le Fei Ershov said it was "concise and lively, with almost only verbs".
-Soviet writer fadeev
Real classics should be the unity of rich artistic aesthetics and rich spiritual connotation, and should not be the mouthpiece of some will. Russian classic literature works are such a unity. In these works, the yearning for the vast Russian black land, facing suffering, yearning for ideals, longing for the body, pursuing the spirit, poetic flowing, escaping from anxious hearts and so on. Are seamlessly integrated by the masters. And "Iron and Steel" obviously did not reach such a height in thought and art [7].
Steel is a good book and Paul is a hero. But the artistry of steel is not enough, and the heroic image is not full enough. Therefore, there is still a clear gap between steel and the classic works written by literary masters, which are not literary classics. [7]
6 translation list editing
Chinese translation of how steel was tempered;
196 1, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Yimei, Children's Publishing House and People's Literature Publishing House (1980).
1995, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Cao Manxi and Wang Zhidi, Yilin Publishing House.
Chinese cover
1996, "how steel is tempered", translated from above, Sichuan literature and art publishing house.
1996, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Yang and Feng Zhi, Huashan Literature and Art Publishing House.
1997, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Wen Jian, Hualing Publishing House.
1997, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Li, Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House.
1998, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Wang Zhichong, Shanghai Translation Publishing House.
1998, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Liu Xinyu, New Century Press.
In 2000, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Tian, was published by Beijing Yanshan Publishing House.
In 2002, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Huang Xiaopeng, Sichuan Literature and Art Publishing House.
In 2002, How Steel was Tempered was translated by Gong Yiqun and published by Lin Xue Publishing House.
In 2003, How Steel was Tempered, translated into English by Lou, China Film Publishing House.
How steel was tempered, translated by Ke Yuan, Zhejiang Children's Publishing House, 2003.
In 2003, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Zhang Jie, Inner Mongolia University Press.
How steel was tempered, translated by Huang Shunan, Lijiang Publishing House, 2003.
In 2003, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Sun Gang, Southern Publishing House.
In 2007, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Xing, Changjiang Literature and Art Publishing House.
In 2008, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Zhou Lu, China Book Publishing House.
In 2009, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Liu Jun, Shaanxi Normal University Press.
How steel was tempered, translated by Wu Xinyong, Central Compilation and Publishing House, 2009.
20 1 1, How Steel was Tempered, translated by Yuan, Hunan Literature and Art Publishing House.
7 works affect editing
In the Soviet Union, the novel was reprinted 50 times in various languages in the two years before the author193665438+died on February 22nd. Before the disintegration of the Soviet Union, this book was printed more than 600 times in 6 1 language, totaling more than 30 million copies, and spread abroad at the same time. [5]
The Chinese version of this world famous book was published in China. Half a century later, roughly speaking, there are more than twenty versions. [5]
8 Author Profile Editor
Ostrovsky
Nikolai Ayik Sajevic ostrovsky (1904— 1936), a famous proletarian revolutionary writer in the Soviet Union, was born in an ordinary worker's family in Ukraine. /kloc-started working at the age of 0/2, and/kloc-joined the Communist Youth League at the age of 0/5 to participate in the civil war to defend the Soviet regime. From 65438 to 0920, he changed his job because of serious injuries, plunged into the trend of economic construction, took charge of the middle and lower levels of the Communist Youth League and the party, and was an "excellent communist fighter" of the Soviet Union. After his paralysis and blindness caused by the recurrence of injury, he embarked on the road of literary creation and won the highest honor of the country-Lenin Medal with 1935; 1936 is dead. There are not many works in his life, the most famous of which is How Steel was Tempered.