Also known as Sun Qingzi. The author Xunzi (about 3 13 BC ~ 238 BC), the word Qing, changed his surname to Sun and Zhao in the Han Dynasty (now Anze, Shanxi Province), the last master of the pre-Qin philosophers, and one of the main representatives of the Confucian school. Its scholarship originated from Confucianism and inherited and commented on various theories. Praise Confucius and oppose Meng Si School. Politically, it advocates both etiquette and law, emphasizes Shang Xian's empowerment, and opposes hereditary officials. Philosophically, "Qi" is the general source of everything in the world. Opposing the superstition of ghosts and gods and interpreting "heaven" as nature naturally has its own laws, and puts forward the view that "man and nature are separated, and man will conquer nature". Epistemologically, it advocates world knowability and emphasizes "physical knowability". Only subjective contact can constitute cognition. On the theory of human nature, he opposed Mencius' theory of "goodness of human nature" and thought that "human nature is evil", and advocated that people should be good through courtesy education and prohibition of punishment. In terms of the relationship between name and reality, it advocates the theory of correcting name, opposes sophistry and emphasizes that name and reality must be consistent, which enriches the ancient logic theory. His writing style is magnificent and good at argumentation. Thorough analysis and incisive judgment have high literary value.