In the use of donations, Nanjing has spent limited funds on the cutting edge. Since 2000, the "Rural Primary School Upgrading Project" and the "Action Plan for Revitalizing Junior High Schools" have been implemented to standardize the transformation of primary and secondary schools. School standardization is a "costly" project. In the case of insufficient financial resources in towns and villages, the Municipal Education Bureau "filled" part of the donated funds for school standardization construction. The Municipal Education Bureau awarded 600,000 yuan to all towns and villages that met the standards, which mobilized the enthusiasm of towns and villages. At present, more than 300 primary and secondary schools in the city/KLOC-0 have all reached the "three new and one bright" standard of "new desks, new chairs, new platforms and bright classrooms".
In recent years, with the increase of floating population in cities, the already stretched public education resources are even more insufficient. The problem of migrant children going to school has increased the burden on large and medium-sized cities. According to statistics, among the children of migrant workers who come to Nanjing for employment, there are more than 40,000 children of compulsory education age. In order to ensure that the children of floating population go to school in the compulsory education stage, Nanjing "digs" a donation every semester to supplement the shortage of school funds. This year alone, the municipal government has donated 500 sets of new desks and chairs and 2 million yuan of special subsidy funds to migrant children's schools, greatly improving the learning environment of migrant children. At present, there are more than 200 public primary and secondary schools in the city, which accept about 26,000 children of migrant workers. Among them, 65% of the children of migrant workers attend public schools. In addition, there are 654.38+0.35 million children of migrant workers attending private schools approved by the government. According to the survey, Nanjing is superior to similar cities in China in solving the problem of children's enrollment of floating population.
The second is to issue "student vouchers" to ensure "low" help and not let a child fall behind. In urban and rural areas, a group of poor families find it difficult to pay for their children's schooling. If these children are not helped, they are likely to drop out of school. The survey shows that schools with concentrated students from poor families are often not well-off economically. In the past, children from poor families in Nanjing mainly relied on school relief or student donations to maintain their school expenses, but because the school's own education funds were only enough to "eat", it was unable to "make up" these many expenses. How can school-age children not drop out of school because of family difficulties and bear the expenses that should not be borne by the school? Since 2002, governments at all levels and educational administrative departments in Nanjing have taken the initiative to assume this "responsibility". The city does not let a child fall behind by issuing "student vouchers". Nanjing has formulated "student vouchers" with different denominations according to the different tuition and miscellaneous fees of grades 1-9. All children from urban low-income families in the compulsory education stage can receive "student vouchers" with corresponding denominations from the education authorities with "minimum living allowance". Every semester, "low-income students" can use "student vouchers" to offset about 60% of tuition and fees. In 2003, the city extended the "student voucher" to the children of low-income families in rural areas. By the autumn of 2004, "student vouchers" had covered all low-income families receiving compulsory education in the city. In addition, the city has tried every means to raise funds to help poor students in ordinary high schools, vocational schools and municipal universities solve the problem of schooling difficulties. According to the comrades in charge of financial work of the Municipal Education Bureau, nearly 10 million yuan is used to issue "student vouchers" every year to help children from poor families study. The government's aid makes poor students in the city worry-free in their studies.
In order to help poor children read books and do well, Nanjing has also set up "special education areas" such as "love classes" and free schools to ensure that school-age children 100% enter school. In 2000, Nanjing established the "Love Class" for the first time in the province, which specially recruited students with excellent academic performance and poor families. These students are free of tuition and fees, accommodation fees, and some schools also provide students with free lunches. In 200 1 year, our city opened "love classes" in six urban areas respectively. At present, there are more than 200 students in the city studying in these special classes. Nanjing has also set up a number of free schools to accept mentally retarded, physically disabled and visually disabled children and adolescents in compulsory education. Students' tuition and fees, book fees, accommodation fees and other expenses are all borne by the government, and students and schools do not need to pay a penny to achieve real free.
The third is to implement the excellent post plan for teachers, reward the excellent and promote agriculture, and break the "dual structure" of education. The weakness of rural education is not only restricted by historical, geographical and economic factors, but also the loss of key teachers is an important reason for the relative backwardness of rural education. The hardware of rural primary and secondary schools is not hard, and the backbone teachers are lost, which will become weaker and weaker. If this phenomenon is not effectively intervened, it will inevitably lead to an increasing educational gap between schools and regions. In order to break this situation, stabilize the rural teachers and gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural education, Nanjing has implemented the excellent post plan for teachers, encouraging key teachers to teach in rural schools and ordinary schools. The Nanjing Municipal Government stipulates: "The backbone teachers who have a heavy workload, high quality of education and teaching, and are generally praised in rural schools and ordinary schools will be given relatively generous treatment or rewards. Excellent teaching backbone teachers at or above the senior level, such as municipal subject teaching leaders, teach in rural townships and primary and secondary schools below, and pay 600 yuan excellent post allowance every month. " This policy has effectively "locked" outstanding teachers in rural primary and secondary schools.
While retaining teachers in rural primary and secondary schools, Nanjing has also issued policies to encourage famous teachers in the city to "return" to the countryside, and to provide high-quality teachers for rural primary and secondary schools by means of "settling down", teaching, and "holding hands with urban and rural areas". The city stipulates that when evaluating and hiring professional titles under the same conditions, priority will be given to urban famous teachers who teach in non-urban and rural "weak" primary and secondary schools; Famous schools in urban areas should at least carry out "urban and rural hand in hand" activities with a non-urban and rural "weak" primary and secondary school. Every semester, famous schools should send famous teachers to open classes and guide teaching in linked schools, and "weak" schools should send at least 1 teachers to be apprentices in famous schools; Special-grade teachers, professor-level teachers and famous teachers who teach in primary and secondary schools below provincial experimental primary schools, provincial key high schools (three-star) and provincial key vocational schools in six districts or in primary and secondary schools in non-six districts will receive a monthly allowance of 1000 yuan.
The fourth is to absorb social funds and set up "private" schools to meet the diverse educational needs of ordinary people. With the development of economy and society, education has changed from the edge of society to the center of society, and the people's demand for education, especially high-quality educational resources, is growing. In 2000, Nanjing Education Bureau began to investigate and demonstrate the feasibility of expanding quality education resources. In 2002, according to the "six independence" of private schools, the pilot project of "running private schools by famous schools" was launched. Expand three "established" high-quality public schools. Nanjing Foreign Language School takes the form of joint-stock cooperation, with the school brand accounting for 25% of the shares, and 355 mu of land is expropriated in the eastern suburbs to build Xianlin branch school. The school plans to build 6,543,800 square meters of school buildings, which are for primary schools, junior high schools and senior high schools. After the completion of the school, the number of teaching classes has reached 80, which can accommodate more than 3,300 students. The affiliated high school of Nanjing Normal University is located in Jiangning Development Zone, and Jiangning Branch is established, with the school brand accounting for 28% of the shares. The campus covers an area of 530 mu, with a school building area of 240,000 square meters. The number of classes can reach 120, which can accommodate more than 5,000 students. Jinling Middle School invested 25% of intangible assets to establish Hexi Campus in Hexi New Town under development. The campus covers an area of 23 1 mu, with a building area of 65,438+10,000 square meters. The school has 60 classes and accommodates 3000 students.
Southeast suburb, affiliated middle school-Jiangning, Jinzhong-Hexi. Under the bold decision of Nanjing education authorities, it has formed the geographical advantage and educational advantage of "running private schools by famous schools". Three years later, the advantages of this quality education have already appeared.
After just a few years of development, there are 89 private schools in Nanjing. Private primary and secondary schools have about 3,700 teaching staff and nearly 50,000 students, accounting for about 7% of the total number of primary and secondary school students in the city. More than 7000 students in high school; There are nearly 26,000 junior high school students, accounting for10.27% of the total number of junior high school students in the city; Pupils10.5 million, accounting for 4.26% of the total number of pupils in the city.
The school buildings, legal persons, capital accounts and personnel management of these "private" schools are managed and accounted for independently. They are truly "independent" schools, and the government has not invested a penny. In addition to some schools to buy shares in school brands, all funds come from the private sector. Teachers' entry and exit, salary and bonus, promotion and promotion are all assessed according to their work performance, but the educational style and cultural background of the branch school are in the same strain as our school. Modern campus facilities, pleasant environment, brand-new management mode, advanced educational theory and rich educational background make private schools flourish. "Famous schools" run "private schools", absorb social funds to enlarge high-quality educational resources, and play a role in promoting educational equity at a higher level.
In addition, Nanjing also tries its best to provide students with equal opportunities to study from the enrollment policy. When the city enrolls students from primary school to junior high school, it adheres to the principle of free entrance to the nearest school, "does not support, encourage or advocate" school selection, and implements computer lottery to solve the problem of school selection. Over the years, the phenomenon of "choosing a school in the first day", which has been relatively hot, has cooled down. According to incomplete statistics, at present, more than 90% of the city's primary school graduates are admitted to junior high schools through exemption from exams. When enrolling students in high schools, the Municipal Education Bureau will allocate 30% of the hot high school enrollment plan to junior high schools to mobilize the enthusiasm of all schools.