China ancient society attached importance to ethics, and formed a relatively systematic and perfect ideological and political education method in the historical development, among which Confucian ethics is the main method, mainly including two methods of enlightenment and self-cultivation. The enlightenment in ancient China is an organized and purposeful ideological and political education, and it is an educational activity of "giving from top to bottom". From the public's point of view, education is a kind of learning imitation, and it is a process of developing ideas, behaviors and customs. In ancient times, the methods of education were carried out in two ways: (1) education and indoctrination. In order to spread and instill Confucianism, feudal rulers highly praised Confucian books such as Poetry, Book of Changes, Spring and Autumn Annals, Analects of Confucius and Mencius, and regarded them as classics. The ruler asked the people to read it, keep it in mind and accept it unconditionally. 2 "Turn people into customs." Strengthening class education is an important means for the ruling class. On the one hand, it is the compulsory cultivation of the ruling class, on the other hand, it is spontaneously cultivated by the people in their life practice. 3 give examples to demonstrate; Confucianism attaches great importance to educators to set an example and set an example first. Confucianism requires rulers to establish the ideal personality of "saints", which has the characteristics of full morality, wisdom and merit. They are outstanding talents, the perfect embodiment of ethics and morality, and the model of morality. Only in this way can the rulers educate the people and open their wisdom. Confucianism has higher requirements for teachers, requiring teachers to be teachers and moral models for students, and educating and influencing students with their responsible spirit, humility and erudition. 4 practice practice. The ruling class carries out Confucian ethics education with the purpose of putting it into practice and practicing it. Unity of knowing and doing and consistency of words and deeds are important methods of ancient ideological and political education. Self-cultivation is a method of self-cultivation, family planning and self-teaching emphasized by Confucianism, and a series of self-cultivation methods are put forward, which are characterized by the internal activities of the subject and carried out through introspection. Including: ① the method of combining learning with thinking. Cultivate one's morality, pay equal attention to learning and thinking. Learning and thinking are to solve cognitive problems and should be combined. ② Introspective method. Also known as introspection or introspection, Confucianism especially advocates this method. Confucianism also put forward the methods of self-cultivation associated with introspection, such as meeting the sage Si Qi and asking for help. ③ the method of self-denial. "Self-denial" is to restrain oneself with the moral standards of the ruling class, which is an important means adopted by Confucianism to cultivate self-cultivation. Confucian self-denial also includes being strict with self-discipline and being lenient with others; Self-abasement and respect for others, putting others before oneself; Measure others by yourself and compare your heart with your own; Courtesy is reciprocated, and good for evil. 4 Be cautious and independent. Prudent independence means that when people are alone and unattended, they can consciously think and act according to certain political and moral norms without doing bad things. This is a higher realm and a more conscious method of self-cultivation.