First, the status and problems of minority students in colleges and universities
Among the minority students surveyed, the proportion of Communist Youth League members is 90.7%, that of the masses is 5.6%, and that of party member is 3.7%. At present, the proportion of ethnic minority students who have submitted their applications for joining the Party is 29%, 27.2% are considering submitting their applications, and 24.8% are considering graduation. In terms of religious beliefs, due to the influence of national culture and family beliefs, 40.2% of students have religious beliefs, most of which believe in Buddhism and Islam. 24% minority students participate in religious activities. Their attitude towards ethnic hostile forces and ethnic separatist forces is very clear, and 96% people expressed their firm resistance. Regarding the degree of concern about current affairs at home and abroad, 19. 1% of the students expressed great concern, and 50.4% of the students expressed more concern.
According to the survey, at present, minority students show strong adaptability to the environment. They are well-informed and willing to accept new things, and 90% of them can better integrate into college life. 10% students can't adapt well, which is mainly reflected in course study, eating environment and so on.
The survey found that the economic situation of minority students is relatively poor, and the proportion of poor students is high. A considerable number of them come from remote counties, towns, pastoral areas and rural areas, accounting for 59%; 52% of families have many children, and the family burden is heavy. Although with the development of China's economy, the construction and development of ethnic minority areas have achieved fruitful results, and the family income of ethnic minority students has greatly increased and their lives have been improved, due to the rising prices and high cost of living in Shanghai, the monthly living expenses of ethnic minority students still account for a large proportion of family income. Among the minority students surveyed, 1 1.4% felt obvious economic pressure, and 67. 1% felt certain economic pressure. 16.7% students are eager for financial aid, and 60.5% students want financial aid.
The minority students surveyed said that their pressure mainly came from study pressure (56%), employment pressure (20%) and economic pressure (13%). Most of the students who participated in the survey came from remote areas, and the students' foundation was weak, which caused 84% of the students to feel heavy or stressed. They think that the pressure mainly comes from the course itself (37.7%), self-demand (34.4%) and requirements from teachers and schools (1 1.6%). Among the courses studied, 28.3% people think specialized courses are difficult to learn, 27.5% people think English and computer courses are difficult to learn, and 22.9% people think English and computer courses are difficult to learn.
According to the survey, 48% minority students have a clear career plan, and 77% students think they have the ability to find a satisfactory job. As for the choice of employment area, 40. 1% students want to stay in Shanghai for employment, and 38.2% students choose to go back to their hometown for employment. It can be seen that Shanghai is attractive to minority students, but their hometown is also their attachment place. In terms of industry choice, minority students are relatively concentrated, with the highest proportion wanting to go to "state-owned enterprises" and "state organs", accounting for 27% and 18% respectively, and only 9% students choose to start their own businesses after graduation. It can be seen that minority students are still eager for a stable working environment, are not very active in choosing high risks, and have a slightly conservative attitude towards job hunting.
At present, the main problems of minority students in colleges and universities are as follows: first, minority students have strong national consciousness and insufficient social experience, and are easily influenced by hostile forces at home and abroad; Second, ethnic minority students have strong national self-esteem and complex psychological world, and there is only one way to ask for help when encountering problems or difficulties; Third, ethnic minority students are facing all kinds of practical difficulties, and the present situation needs to be improved urgently.
Second, the feasible ways to do a good job in the education and guidance of minority students in colleges and universities
(A) pay attention to ideological and political education
1. Form a pattern of "Great United Front" and jointly pay attention to the growth of minority students.
The cultivation and education of minority students is an important part of the basic education principles and policies that our party has always adhered to. Colleges and universities should understand and do a good job in cultivating minority students from the overall height of promoting the reunification of the motherland, national unity and the stable development of the border areas, establish an effective working mechanism, and form a "great United front" pattern composed of functional departments such as the "National Work Leading Group", the United Front Work Department and the Teaching and Administrative Department under the leadership of the school party Committee, and the minority students working group, members of the United Front Work Department and members of the League of Nations should jointly do a good job in the education, management and service of minority students. By hiring experts to carry out ethnic and religious theory training among the central group of the party Committee, the secretary of the branch Committee and the student counselors, teachers and student workers will be raised to understand the importance of ethnic work; Through holding symposiums and seminars, explore new methods and new ways for minority students to guide education; Through on-the-job training for counselors and class teachers, we can help them to enrich their national knowledge, make them respect minority cultures and understand students' psychology. The educational guidance of minority students has become a common concern.
2. Take activities as the carrier and strengthen publicity and guidance.
Minority students are the backbone of national unity, and they can be further guided by various educational activities combined with the major policies of the country. For example, give lectures among ethnic minority students and study the party's ethnic theory and policies in depth; Promote the outstanding deeds of national unity through the school newspaper, WeChat official account and other media; By holding theme class meetings and team activities, students of all ethnic groups can understand the customs, customs, national culture and traditional etiquette of ethnic minorities; By organizing minority students to visit patriotic education bases, cultural monuments and representative urban landscapes, they can fully feel the long history of the Chinese nation, the inheritance and development of Chinese culture and the prosperity of the great motherland, thus enhancing their sense of belonging to the Chinese nation, their sense of identity with Chinese culture and their pride in the great motherland; Gather a group of outstanding minority students' backbones and activists, solidly promote the development of minority students in party member, give full play to the good exemplary role of student party member, backbones and activists, and influence and drive the surrounding minority students to develop in a positive direction with their own practical actions.
3. Give full play to the unique role of minority teachers in the ideological and political work of minority students.
Minority teachers have unique advantages in ideological education of minority students. They understand the psychology of minority students and the actual situation in minority areas, and can carry out ideological and political education for minority students in a targeted manner. For example, the Federation of Ethnic Minorities of East China University of Science and Technology fully recognizes the unique advantages of ethnic minority teachers in the ideological and political work of ethnic minority students. By pairing with poor minority students, we should pay attention to the ideological trends of minority students, do a good job of unity and guidance with various activities as the carrier, enhance their self-confidence and sense of honor, and give play to the exemplary role of minority students in national unity.
(2) Strengthening humanistic care
1. Establish a perfect communication mechanism
Colleges and universities should constantly enrich the means of communication, so that minority students can fully express their wishes through various smooth channels and let minority students feel care and warmth. For example, colleges and universities should strengthen daily communication with minority students through student counselors; Hold symposiums on minority students' work regularly to listen to their opinions or suggestions; With the help of network means, establish communication channels such as WeChat group, grasp students' psychological trends and hot issues of concern, and conduct effective guidance; Establish and improve psychological counseling institutions and provide professional psychological counselors to provide timely and effective mental health guidance and services for ethnic minority students, help them overcome their ideological and social communication deficiencies, and correct unhealthy psychological phenomena such as inferiority and sensitivity.
2. Create a good humanistic environment
A good humanistic environment can give students a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere, is an invisible force, has a strong guiding and normative role, and is the best carrier to strengthen the educational guidance of minority students. Colleges and universities should first strengthen teachers and students' understanding of national culture and habits, and attach importance to the management of Muslim canteens and important national festivals. Taking East China University of Science and Technology as an example, the school has continuously strengthened the construction of Muslim canteens, insisting that although the price of vegetables is high, it will not increase, ensuring the quality of food and safeguarding the interests of ethnic students; During some major ethnic festivals, the school also organizes get-togethers for ethnic students, prepares holiday meals, and arranges them to watch TV programs such as the New Year's party. School leaders, leaders of various functional departments and colleges celebrate festivals with ethnic minority students, and actively create a campus culture with ethnic equality, ethnic unity, ethnic mutual assistance and ethnic harmony as the main contents, so that ethnic minority students can feel the warmth of the ethnic family, stimulate their spiritual motivation to study hard, serve ethnic minority areas and repay the society, and enable them to better integrate into the national culture.
(C) Fully integrate superior resources
1. Implement financial aid and care about the living conditions of minority students.
Most minority students have a big gap with mainland students in economy. Colleges and universities can do a good job in aiding minority students by setting up scholarships for minority students, applying for grants for poor minority students, and providing some work-study jobs. Colleges and universities can grant subsidies for returning home expenses to students who apply during the winter vacation every year; During the winter and summer vacations, arrange work-study positions for minority students who stay in school; In the process of evaluating all kinds of scholarships, priority should be given to ethnic minority students to ensure that all ethnic minority students can get scholarships; Apply for grants for poor minority students through the Municipal Federation of Nationalities, the Municipal Charity Foundation and other institutions; Establish an early warning system for ethnic minority students' emergencies, give timely care and help to students with family changes, and help ethnic minority students complete their studies with love.
2. Strengthen study assistance to ease the study pressure of minority students.
In view of the relatively backward learning foundation of minority students, especially the low level of English, computer and other courses, the school can help and solve the difficulties encountered by minority students in their studies through various policy measures. Specifically, full-time teachers can be responsible for the academic management of minority students, and pre-test counseling courses can be set up separately for minority students to help students improve their grades; For students who fail the exam, hire excellent teachers to help them pass the exam; Specially set up minority scholarships to encourage minority students to study hard; Arrange students with good grades to pair up with ethnic minority students to help ethnic minority students solve specific difficulties in the form of "one help one".
3. Strengthen guidance to help minority students solve their employment difficulties.
It is necessary to guarantee and support the construction of employment guidance institutions, improve the construction of graduates' employment information network, carry out job-seeking skills training for graduates, and provide more social practice opportunities for ethnic minority students; Help minority students to establish a correct concept of choosing a job and cultivate their good attitude towards choosing a job, so that students can make a good career plan, fully understand their own specialties and choose a career that suits them; Vigorously advocate entrepreneurship education and sow the seeds of future entrepreneurship for minority students.