First, the standard of teachers' mental health:
1. Be able to take the initiative to accept yourself-that is, really understand, correctly evaluate, be willing to accept and like yourself. Admit individual differences and allow yourself to be inferior to others.
2. Have a good level of educational cognition-be able to face the reality and actively adapt to the requirements of environment and education. For example, have keen observation and the ability to understand students objectively; Have the ability to obtain information, properly transmit information and effectively use information; Have the ability to creatively carry out education and teaching activities.
3. Love the teaching profession and actively love students-you can get self-comfort and self-realization from the education of love, and get a sense of accomplishment from the fruitful education and teaching.
4. Have a stable and positive educational mentality-whether the teacher's educational psychological environment is stable, optimistic and positive will affect the teacher's overall psychological state and behavior, and will also affect the teaching effect.
5. Self-control of various emotions and emotions-arduous education requires teachers to have a good and strong will, that is, to have a clear purpose and firmness in teaching work; Decisiveness and persistence in decision-making when dealing with problems; Calm self-control in the face of contradictions, and the ability to give and receive love.
6. Harmonious educational interpersonal relationship-having a sound personality, being able to live in harmony with others in communication, and having more positive attitudes (such as respect, sincerity, envy, trust, praise, etc. ) more than negative attitudes (such as fear, doubt, jealousy, hatred, etc. ).
7. Can adapt to and transform the educational environment-can adapt to the current development, reform and innovation of the educational environment, and make suggestions for actively transforming the unhealthy educational environment and improving the teaching quality.
Second, teachers common psychological conflicts
First, the burden is too heavy and too tired. A teacher's job is hard mental and physical labor. In addition to attending classes, teachers have to correct homework and do various exercises or exams. If they are class teachers, they must handle class affairs, conduct individual education, organize various activities and make home visits. Some new teachers become head teachers as soon as they go to work. Because of their young age and inexperience, they are often exhausted at work and will have psychological conflicts.
Second, there is a huge contrast between reality and ideal. For example, schools should not unilaterally pursue the enrollment rate, but they have to do it. The demands of leaders, parents' wishes and social discussions have overwhelmed many teachers. Old teachers are like this, and new teachers can imagine. There is some inconsistency between the ideal self and the real self, which has two sides to the growth and development of individuals. A certain degree of inconsistency can promote individual development, but if the ideal self is too high, it will easily make individuals lose confidence and cause various problems. Many research results of American humanistic psychologist Rogers show that the excessive imbalance between ideal self and realistic self is often the main reason for psychological disorders such as neurosis. This conflict between ideal and reality is particularly prominent among Protestant teachers, which makes them feel confused, nervous, anxious, depressed and lonely.
Third, there is a deviation in self-cognition. There are two main types of teachers' self-cognitive deviation: one is self-inflation, which is characterized by excessive self-satisfaction and self-evaluation, forming a false ideal self, which is often characterized by self-esteem, boasting and blind self-esteem; The second kind is self-denial, which is characterized by low self-awareness and evaluation, often showing complacency, lack of progress, and finally self-denial.
Third, teachers' self-relief of psychological pressure:
1. Adjust cognition and find out the source of stress.
The psychological stressors of primary and secondary school teachers are nothing more than the following three aspects.
Professional characteristics: Teachers should not only impart knowledge to students, but also cultivate students' excellent quality and personality, and promote the healthy development of students' body and mind. Today, with the sudden increase of knowledge, the explosion of information and the rapid development of mass media, teachers are no longer "ahead of students" in a lot of knowledge, and their prestige has been shaken and affected to some extent, resulting in certain psychological pressure. Most of their education targets are the only children born in the 1990s, and they have many defects in personality, such as selfishness, willfulness, dependence, isolation, lack of collective consciousness and labor concept, and weak will. At the same time, their self-awareness awakened earlier and was impacted and influenced by multiculturalism. There are many ideological puzzles and psychological conflicts, and the problems in teachers' work increase. The existing methods can't solve new problems, and they don't have a systematic and comprehensive grasp of new theories and methods, which causes teachers' psychological pressure.
Teacher himself: As a psychological stressor, the teacher himself has three meanings. First, teachers don't know enough about their own ability and level, overestimate themselves and expect too much from themselves, which often leads to the failure of activities and great psychological pressure; Second, teachers' own personality defects, such as fame and fortune, suffering from loss, pursuing perfection, poor willpower and other psychological pressures; Third, the way and angle of teachers' thinking are incorrect, which causes psychological pressure.
Social environment: As an important psychological stressor, social environment includes a series of factors.
First of all, the demands and expectations of social members on teachers are too high, which is mainly reflected in the quality of training talents for teachers. Students, parents, school and leaders at all levels, and others in society all evaluate teachers by their enrollment rate. They ask teachers to abide by professional ethics, only seeking dedication, not enjoyment, and think that teachers should be poor and happy and do everything better than ordinary people. Members of society have high requirements and expectations for teachers in cultivating students and observing the code of conduct, which makes teachers bear great psychological pressure. Secondly, in the process of social and economic development, the inversion of brain and body leads to psychological imbalance and great pressure on teachers. More and more rich people are in sharp contrast with the image of teachers' long-term poverty, and the overload of labor, the great potential value created by labor and the great promotion to social development are in sharp contrast with teachers' meager salary income. Thirdly, the spread of many unhealthy tendencies in the process of social development and their influence on students make it difficult for teachers to achieve their achievement motivation, thus causing teachers to have certain psychological pressure. Clear the psychological pressure source, teachers will have the direction of efforts. In the face of psychological pressure, teachers should not blame others, but should actively seek solutions to problems with their own practical actions. We should strengthen the study of educational theory, strengthen the understanding of professional rules, strengthen the understanding of students, strengthen the study of cultural and scientific knowledge, and enrich and improve ourselves in an all-round way. We should have a correct understanding of ourselves, set suitable goals for ourselves, be indifferent to fame and fortune, and improve our personality. We should seize the opportunity to publicize the correct concept of talents, scientific concept of education and the characteristics of teachers' work, and strive for social understanding and support.
2. Relax and relieve stress:
Once psychological stress occurs, it is bound to be accompanied by emotional anxiety and high tension, and high tension is fed back to people as a stimulus, which makes people feel stronger. Emotional tension and psychological pressure interact in this way, escalating and gradually strengthening. Therefore, relaxing emotions is very useful for relieving stress. Emotional relaxation can be achieved in the following ways.
This is a common method widely used at home and abroad to control tension, mainly through the relaxation of muscles, bones, joints, breathing and nerves to reduce the energy consumption of the body, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling emotional intensity.
Diversion: There are many specific ways to divert attention. For example, regular exercise, proper housework and rich spare time. For example, after intense study and work, teachers often take advantage of the convenience of school sports venues and facilities to carry out sports activities. Carrying out colorful extracurricular activities can adjust teachers' tense life rhythm, relax their emotions and reduce their psychological pressure. At the same time, it can cultivate temperament, make people open-minded and enhance their psychological endurance.
Talking with people: Because of the relative independence of working methods, teachers are prone to narrow interpersonal communication, limited interpersonal cooperation and self-isolation. Therefore, when teachers are psychologically stressed and nervous, they often feel lonely, helpless and miserable. Talking with people can not only help teachers to vent negative emotions to a certain extent, but also release pent-up energy in time. It can also help teachers gain the understanding and support of friends, relatives and other people in society, thus helping teachers to resist heavy psychological pressure and eliminate tension. Emotional contrast. The specific way is to find some humorous jokes, cross talk, comics, books and so on. When the teacher feels nervous and stressed, listen or observe and laugh heartily. When people laugh, the heart, lungs and other internal organs in the body get short-term exercise. On the one hand, it enhances the body's immunity, on the other hand, it stimulates the brain to produce a hormone called catecholamine, which is a natural anesthetic in the human body. Its function is to help people relieve pain and discomfort and eliminate boredom, depression and tension.
3. Temper your will and enhance your ability to resist pressure:
Psychological stress is a subjective experience when people respond to external stimuli, and its magnitude varies from person to person.
First of all, teachers should strengthen the cultivation of will independence. To this end, teachers should make clear the purpose of their actions, enhance their sense of responsibility and mission in teaching and educating people, make independent decisions and implement according to their own knowledge and beliefs, overcome the suggestibility in their actions, do not yield to the pressure of people around them, and are not influenced by others' words and deeds.
Secondly, teachers should strengthen the decisive exercise of will. To this end, teachers must comprehensively and profoundly consider the purpose and method of their actions, understand the importance of their own decisions, distinguish right from wrong, act decisively, and overcome indecision and indecision (when people are hesitant and indecisive, they are always in the process of motivation struggle and feel great psychological pressure). In action, dare to take responsibility and be proactive. Of course, we must also overcome rash and hasty actions. Act rashly. Regardless of subjective and objective conditions, in Baidu, you can find free ppt courseware by entering ppt courseware download website ppt courseware to download ppt courseware free ppt courseware teaching courseware keywords. Failure to consider the possibility of implementing the plan and the consequences of the action often leads to the failure of the action, thus causing psychological pressure.
Third, we should strengthen the cultivation of willpower. Teachers should firmly believe in the rationality of their own decision-making, maintain abundant energy, overcome all kinds of internal and external difficulties and interferences that do not meet the purpose, and make unremitting efforts to achieve the goal, so as not to shrink back in the face of difficulties, not to yield in the face of pressure and not to waver in the face of temptation.
Finally, teachers should pay attention to cultivate their self-control, learn to control their emotions consciously and flexibly, and overcome the interference of lazy, fearful, nervous, angry, disappointed and other negative emotions.