Class is the basic unit for schools to implement education and teaching management. Students are the main body of the class. According to the characteristics and differences of each student's physiology, psychology, intelligence, personality and conduct, the students who constitute the main body of the class can be divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower. Among them, underachievers refer to some students who are temporarily behind in one or two aspects, such as academic performance, ideology and conduct, and are generally called underachievers. According to this, underachievers can be divided into three categories: (1) underachievers, that is, under the influence of family and social environment, students' academic performance lags behind for a long time due to physiological and psychological factors or bad study habits and unscientific learning methods; (2) Underachievers in ideology and morality, that is, under the influence of family and social environment, students have low moral character and are dissatisfied with everything, which often leads to violation of discipline, morality and even illegality; (3) They are underachievers with poor academic performance and bad ideological conduct. Such underachievers are biased, indifferent to learning, indifferent to everything and not motivated. According to the behavior of underachievers, underachievers can also be divided into: emotional motivation, withdrawn personality, inferiority complex, improper methods, family disharmony and compound. No matter by what standards, no matter what types of underachievers, they have the following characteristics: low ideological and moral level; Mental health is incomplete; Lack of positive learning motivation and tough will quality; Bad behavior habits; The purpose of learning is not clear, and the learning attitude is not correct; Signs of poor academic performance; However, some underachievers are active in thinking, flexible in mind, responsive and have great potential, and some even have certain specialties and talents.
Second, according to the above characteristics of underachievers, deeply analyze and study the causes of underachievers:
Doing a good job in the transformation of underachievers will help to optimize the style of study and class spirit, facilitate teaching and management, improve the overall teaching performance of the class, and save and change the fate of some students. Therefore, the transformation of underachievers is a common concern of families, schools and teachers, and it is also a difficult point in school education, which is of great significance. To do a good job in the transformation of underachievers, we must thoroughly study the causes of underachievers according to their characteristics. The causes of underachievers include many factors:
(1) Self-factors: Middle school students' physical and mental development is in a period of qualitative change, various physiological and psychological functions are becoming more and more mature and perfect, intelligence is developing rapidly, and many new things suddenly emerge, which makes it too late for underage students to digest and adapt to these changes, thus producing many negative emotional experiences psychologically. Explicit performance is an obvious emotional tendency in behavior. They are often in high spirits because of a small matter, and they are also depressed and give up on themselves because of a small matter and a little setback. Immature and unstable development of body and mind make them impulsive, self-control ability easily controlled by emotions, weak will, lack of strong curiosity, greater dependence and lower control ability. Therefore, they are prone to behavioral deviation, and will develop bad behavior habits or ideological deviation after a long time.
(2) Family factors: The family has the function of educating children, and parents are their first teachers. Family education plays a very important role in the formation of children's ideological quality and character. Therefore, to analyze the causes of underachievers, we must start with the family.
1. Family subjective factors: Some parents have improper family education methods and incorrect methods. Affected by the market economy, some parents are busy making money and are indifferent to their children's study; Or some parents spoil their children too much; Or too strict, combining leniency with severity; There are also some parents who only care about not teaching or ignoring teaching, ignoring the care, education and guidance of their children's moral standards and study life, which eventually leads to unclear learning objectives, incorrect learning attitudes and indifference to learning or not. Over time, their children's ideological understanding has deviated, forming some bad behavior habits and being regarded as underachievers.
2. Family objective factors: Under the new situation of reform and opening up, people's lifestyles and ideas have undergone profound changes. Under the influence of social environment, the degree of family stability is gradually declining, parents are not harmonious or even divorced, or because of sudden family changes, children lose their father's love or mother's love and become single-parent families, resulting in strong contrast in life, which makes children traumatized, unable to adapt to the external environment, resulting in psychological obstacles and becoming underachievers.
(3), school factors:
1. school environmental factors: under the guidance of the "exam-oriented guiding ideology", schools unilaterally pursue the enrollment rate, only attach importance to intellectual education, ignore moral education, attach importance to students' academic performance, and ignore the formation and education process of students' moral character. Due to the adverse factors in the class environment and the influence of conformity psychology, students' moral development lags behind, ideological deviation and bad behavior habits become underachievers.
2. Teacher factors: individual teachers lack correct education concept, talent concept and values, theoretical literacy, scientific education theory and methods, fail to better grasp the opportunity of education, violate the educational principle of "consistent and sincere treatment", fail to treat students equally, and show disrespect and consideration; Even reprimanding, sarcasm, ridicule and corporal punishment are often used. Over time, some students suffer from the deterioration of the relationship between teachers and students due to coercion and intimidation, resulting in rebellious psychology or psychological obstacles, thus failing to treat the education of schools and teachers correctly and eventually becoming underachievers. 4) Social factors: In the tide of reform, influenced by the incentive of market economic interests, some market entities (operators) pursue economic interests by illegally operating sub-businesses, which has a great impact on underage students; In addition, young students have strong curiosity and weak self-control ability; Therefore, it is easy to be influenced by bad factors in the social environment and form bad behavior habits. At the same time, literary and artistic works, pornographic books and periodicals, violent videos, movies and other bad cultural works also have a negative impact on the healthy growth of underage students.
Based on the above subjective and objective reasons, underachievers of different levels, types and forms have been formed, which makes the whole educational transformation of underachievers more complicated and arduous.
Third, the transformation of underachievers countermeasures:
(A) the theoretical basis for the transformation of underachievers:
Teachers transform underachievers just like doctors treat patients. First of all, they should carefully diagnose and understand the causes of underachievers before they can prescribe the right medicine. Diagnosis is to study the physiological and psychological characteristics, causes, types, characteristics and manifestations of underachievers, fully understand their ideological situation, family situation, study situation, life and making friends, find out their details, and then take certain measures to gradually eliminate psychological obstacles and bad behaviors that hinder their progress. Therefore, the transformation of underachievers requires teachers to have theoretical knowledge of pedagogy and psychology, full ideological understanding and certain transformation skills; Only in this way can the transformation of underachievers be done better, more effectively and more pertinently.
1. Psychological basis: Underachievers, like other students, are eager for respect and care from their parents, teachers and classmates. However, due to their unsatisfactory academic performance, it is difficult for them to meet the expectations and requirements of parents and teachers, so they are often accused and criticized. Therefore, most underachievers have a strong sense of inferiority in psychology, and over time they have a rebellious mentality, which leads them to refuse all correct education from schools and teachers and give up on themselves. Therefore, teachers should really care for underachievers. Love is the starting point of transforming underachievers, the premise of education, trust is the beginning of education, caring for underachievers is the emotional foundation to help transform underachievers, and underachievers lack care and want trust most. As educators, teachers take the initiative to care about underachievers, cherish every underachiever with the feelings of maternal love, give them consideration and warmth everywhere, and melt their cold hearts with enthusiasm to influence them. On this basis, teachers should respect and safeguard the personality of underachievers, respect their rights and obligations, wishes, emotions, demands and opinions, trust and care for them, inspire and guide them to correctly understand their own shortcomings and mistakes, encourage them to bid farewell to the past, repent, integrate into the collective, and make progress and development together with their classmates.
Only by respecting and caring for underachievers can teachers arouse emotional resonance between teachers and students, effectively eliminate underachievers' inferiority and alertness, urge them to be honest with teachers, communicate with teachers with confidence, heal their pain with love, restore their self-esteem and reason, and make them full of confidence and courage in their study and life, thus eliminating psychological obstacles, forming good personality psychology and gradually transforming them into good students that everyone expects.
2. Ideological basis: In the transformation process of underachievers, we should pay attention to the repetitiveness of underachievers. Underachievers can't completely get rid of their bad habits and mistakes in a short time. Obviously, the transformation of underachievers is a long-term and arduous task, because underachievers are repetitive, which requires teachers to be patient, pay close attention to repetition, actively guide, be patient, careful and persistent, and don't lose confidence in him just because he makes mistakes again. If so, we should tolerate the mistakes made by underachievers. But it is by no means connivance. We must follow the correction closely, put forward strict requirements, and promote progress bit by bit until it is corrected. For underachievers with poor grades, it is even more necessary to be patient, give him a decision step by step and help him build up confidence. As long as he can arouse a little interest in learning, he has taken the first step to success. Remember not to ask him at a normal level, let alone use words to hurt him, so as not to hurt his self-esteem; Be careful step by step, and there will be qualitative changes one day.
2. Family cooperation: The family has the function of educating children, and parents are the children's first teachers. Family education plays a very important role in the formation of children's ideological quality and character. The causes and changes of underachievers are closely related to family education. Therefore, the transformation of underachievers needs the support and cooperation of parents. Teachers should take the initiative to strengthen the relationship between home and school, require parents' ideas to be consistent with the school's ideas, convey the school's educational philosophy to parents, and urge families to cooperate with the school's educational transformation work. When doing student work, we should also give priority to reasoning, less scolding, no preaching, more encouragement, do a good job in ideological and political work, and put forward strict requirements so that students can feel the care of their parents and the warmth of their families. In this way, with the cooperation of schools and families, the transformation effect will be more obvious with the powerful educational force of two-pronged approach. Don't rush for success. When you see that your children are far from your expectations, you should inspire them with words and deeds. This not only does not help, but also increases the difficulty of transforming underachievers.
In addition, in the transformation process of underachievers, teachers should also be good at using some basic skills: 2. Transformation skills:
(1) Teachers should pay special attention to creating a United, friendly, equal and positive class atmosphere and creating a positive and enterprising environment for underachievers. Environment affects people, and environment makes people. It is not only the needs of class management, outstanding students, but also the needs of underachievers to actively create a United, friendly and positive class atmosphere, cultivate students' positive and optimistic spirit, mobilize collective strength to drive all students to progress, and stimulate each student's learning motivation and emotion. As a class teacher, we should not discriminate against underachievers at first. We should treat every student equally, establish a good teacher image for students and set an example for them to learn. In addition, it is necessary to educate students, especially outstanding students, to be United and friendly, to improve the relationship between classmates, especially with underachievers, to actively advocate encouraging outstanding students to pair up with underachievers, to help students make progress, and to pay attention to the collocation of grades in dormitory arrangements; Pay attention to the combination of good and bad in seat sorting; Pay full attention to students' personality complementarity; Pay more attention to the opportunities and status of underachievers in class meetings, team activities and class committees; Let them feel the unity, friendship, equality and warmth of the class at all times, without discrimination, indifference and prejudice, let them feel their value to the class at all times, and get beneficial influence and help in a good class atmosphere, so as to better stimulate their enthusiasm for learning. Therefore, the construction of class spirit and the cultivation of collective consciousness and team consciousness are more important for underachievers.
(2) Teachers should know the big goals and take small steps. The bad behavior habits of underachievers can't be changed overnight, so we can divide the overall goal into several small requirements, so that they can easily realize it and constantly experience the joy of success, thus constantly building confidence. Gradually change the bad behavior habits of underachievers.
(3) Teachers should be good at discovering the bright spots of underachievers, fully tap their potentials and specialties, and make use of them. Using appreciation education, we should consciously create an environment for them to display their special skills in classes, schools and families, encourage them to enter the role, give play to their potential and special skills, gain the affirmation of others, stimulate their internal drive, enhance their self-esteem and self-confidence, and thus consciously correct their mistakes and make continuous progress.
(4) Teachers should be good at using "cold treatment" and "heat treatment" when dealing with the mistakes of underachievers. "Cold treatment" means that teachers sometimes turn a blind eye to the problems between students, turn a blind eye, deliberately remain indifferent and deal with them later. "Heat treatment" means that some events or contradictions in the class should be triggered and remedied in time. Make good use of the means of "cold treatment" and "heat treatment", control the temperature, grasp the discretion and choose the right time, that is, be moderate. Teachers should be clear that "cold" and "hot" are relative and dynamic, and the choice of "cold treatment" or "heat treatment" must vary from person to person, from time to time and from thing to thing.
(5) Teachers should set an example and influence underachievers with noble personality charm. "The power of example is infinite." Teachers' words and deeds have a subtle influence on students. Image moral model can arouse students' imitation psychology more than language education, and has a deeper influence on students. If a teacher doesn't make progress, complains about others, pulls a long face all day, and is irresponsible for his work, students will think he is hypocritical and dishonest, and thus resent his preaching. Therefore, teachers must be strict with themselves, keep their words and set an example for students. The best education is to use truth education. Suhomlinki believes that knowledge can only be transformed into belief when behavior brings students a sense of reality and inspires them to leave happy, excited and energetic feelings in their hearts.
(6) Teachers should insist on positive education and care for underachievers. Mr. Lu Xun said: "Education is rooted in love". Love is the premise of education, trust is the beginning of education, and respecting and caring for underachievers is the emotional basis for transforming underachievers. As a teacher, we should take the initiative to care for and respect the underachievers, and be considerate and careful in life; Help improve in learning, insist on encouraging praise and positive education, but pay attention to timely and moderate, treat underachievers with a "development" perspective, and firmly believe that they will achieve a leap from "quantitative change" to "qualitative change" in the care of love.