Forest, iron ore and water power are the three major natural resources in Sweden. On this basis, it has developed and formed four traditional industrial systems: mining and metallurgy, forestry and papermaking, electric power and machinery manufacturing.
Since the mid-1970s, Sweden has increased the intensity and investment in scientific research and development, and the high-tech industry has developed rapidly. Steel and wood processing, once Sweden's main export sectors, has been gradually replaced by industrial sectors such as machinery manufacturing, electronic precision instruments and automobiles. Sweden's main export products are: automobiles and transportation equipment, machinery and instruments, electronic products, wood pulp and paper, medicines and chemicals, steel and metal products.
Question 2: What are the famous companies in the Nordic countries? What are the mechanical and industrial aspects? Well-known Danish enterprises:
Maersk-the world's largest container transportation service company
Danfoss -R&D is a global leader in electromechanical products and production control.
Novozymes-Global Leader in Enzyme Industry
Brewer & ampKj? R- the world's largest research and manufacturing company of acoustic and vibration measuring and analyzing instruments.
Contex- a world-renowned large-scale scanning equipment and related software company
Oticon- the world's largest hearing aid production and research company
LOGO (Lego)-the largest building block company in the world
Novo Nordisk-the largest pharmaceutical company in the field of diabetes treatment in the world
NNE, a world-renowned investment consulting company, provides technical, management and financial services.
DFDS-a world-famous transportation company
Smith, the largest cement equipment and cement manufacturer in the world (one of the earliest companies to invest in China, 1906). At present, almost all cement production equipment and cement in China come from this company.
Sonion- a global leader in electronic equipment
Global leader in building materials industry
Ceran & ampthrane—— The Leader of Satellite Communication Technology
Vel fac—— the leader of building doors and windows industry
Vestas Energy Company, the world leader in wind power equipment industry.
Gn- Leader in Communication Equipment Industry
Gryffindor-one of the most important pump manufacturers in the world
Ecco-a well-known footwear manufacturer
Best Seller, a famous European international fashion company, owns ONLY (women's wear), VERO·MODA (women's wear) and Jack &; Jones (men's wear) and EXIT (children's wear) are four famous brands.
Arla-the largest dairy company in Europe.
Carl * * * erg-Jasper, everyone who drinks knows.
Well-known Finnish enterprises:
Metso is a famous paper machinery manufacturer in Finland.
M-real Oyj is a major supplier of printing paper, office paper, magazine paper and wrapping paper in Europe.
Neste Oy is one of the largest enterprises in Finland, with advanced technology in petroleum, chemical and energy industries.
Nokia is a world-famous mobile phone manufacturer with world-leading technology in digital communication, especially digital.
The main provider of GSM/DCS cellular network
Perlos produces various parts of mobile phones, precision plastic and metal parts, electronic connectors, mobile phones,
Line, injection mold and automatic production line
Rautaruukki is a large-scale steel enterprise in Finland with strong strength, and it is the main supplier of special steel for ships such as icebreakers in the world.
The famous European manufacturers of precision steel pipes and hollow pipes have advanced technology in the production of pressure vessels and measuring instruments.
Stora Enso is the largest paper company in the world, and its business in China includes forestry consulting, paper and paperboard production.
SOK Corp is one of Finland's major trading companies, engaged in the wholesale and retail of major daily necessities, accounting for two-thirds of Finland's domestic market.
one
Suunto Oy develops, manufactures and sells high-tech equipment for sports-loving groups. It is the best manufacturer of wrist computer letters in the world.
The manufacturers of information tables and field compasses are also one of the best diving equipment manufacturers in the world.
UPM- Kymmene is the third largest paper group in the world, and its predecessor has been producing paper, pulp and sawn timber for more than 100 years.
The history of commodities
Vaisala Oy has world-leading technology in meteorological detection instruments.
Valio Ltd is the largest dairy producer in Finland and a famous brand in Northern Europe.
Wihrioy is the world's leading manufacturer of flexible packaging materials, and also sells daily necessities and mechanical equipment.
W? rtsil？ The company's predecessor was Waxeland Diesel Engine Company, and now it is the world's largest manufacturer of medium-speed engines ...
Question 3: Why is Sweden the most industrialized country in Northern Europe? The Kingdom of Sweden is located in the eastern part of Scandinavia, bordering Norway in the west, Finland in the northeast, the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Botnia in the east, and Denmark across the kattegat and the Oresund in the south. It covers an area of nearly 450,000 square kilometers, with a total population of 8.32 million at the end of 1980. The capital Stockholm has a population of 650,000. Sweden is not only the largest and most populous country in northern Europe, but also the most developed country in industry, and occupies a certain position in Europe and even the world. 1980 The per capita GNP reached more than 13000 US dollars, which is not only the highest in the five Nordic countries, but also in the forefront of the world. Sweden's industrial development is relatively late, and it was a backward agricultural country in Europe before the middle of19th century. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, especially since the 1950s, the industry has developed rapidly. Gradually established an industrial system based on domestic resources and became one of the most developed industrial countries in the world. Industrial output value accounts for more than 90% of industrial and agricultural output value, 38% of gross national product, and industrial employment accounts for 37% of total employment. It is an important producer and exporter of forest products in the world and is known as the "European Sawmill". Sweden is an important iron ore exporter in the world, and its special steel also occupies an important position in the world. The country's machinery industry is also relatively developed. Tools, drilling rigs, bearings, electrical appliances and machine tools developed on the basis of special steel are the most famous. Their products are characterized by precision, durability and high technical level, and they are very competitive in the international market. Shipbuilding is also outstanding, ranking second in the world after Japan. There are several favorable conditions and reasons why Sweden has quickly become a developed industrial country: First, rich natural resources provide a material basis for its economic development. Sweden's natural resources have three advantages, namely, forests covering half of the country, iron ore with a grade of over 60% and abundant reserves, and huge hydraulic resources of 93,000 lakes and many rivers; Second, vigorously introduce foreign capital and technology in the early stage of industrialization; Third, it remained neutral during the two world wars, not only was it not destroyed by the war, but also the economy was further developed because it sold strategic raw materials and weapons to warring parties; Fourth, a large number of foreign immigrants poured in after the war, providing cheap labor for economic development; Fifth, the long-term stability of the domestic political situation provides a peaceful and stable environment for economic development. All these have created favorable conditions for the stable development of Swedish economy, especially industry.
Question 4: What machinery manufacturing enterprises are there to work in Sweden? Brief introduction of Swedish mineral, steel and equipment manufacturing industry and enterprises.
I. Overview of Swedish Mining and Steel Industry
Sweden is one of the major ore producers in Europe. Sweden's iron ore reserves are as high as 4 billion tons, and most of them are rich. Its iron ore production ranks first in the EU, accounting for 89.2% of the total iron ore production in the EU. In addition, the output of gold, zinc and silver mines in Sweden accounts for 26.9%, 23.8% and 16.9% of the total output of gold, zinc and silver mines in the EU respectively, ranking second only to Finland, Ireland and Poland. The output of lead ore and copper ore ranks third in the EU, accounting for 30.4% and 1 1.4% respectively. There are 16 mines in Sweden, most of which are mined underground, belonging to LKAB, Boliden, Minmei, Lovisa Gruvan and Swatriden respectively.
Six major mining groups: Gude and Lunding. Sweden spends about SEK 250 million on mining research and development every year, with a total output value of SEK 65.438+09 billion, an export value of SEK 65.438+005 billion and a total of 56.5438+000 employees.
Relying on rich mineral resources, Sweden began to vigorously develop metallurgical steel industry from the middle of19th century. At present, the annual output of Swedish steel is 5 million tons, including 2.6 million tons of special steel, of which alloy steel accounts for 50%. The largest producer SSAB Steel Company produced about 3.6 million tons of crude steel in 2009, ranking 42nd in the world. Only a few of the above-mentioned steel products are sold in China, and more than 85% of the steel products are exported to about 140 countries. There are more than 600 enterprises engaged in the steel industry in Sweden, with about 20,000 employees. At present, among 180 registered steel production enterprises, more than 20 are active in production and operation.
Second, the development characteristics of Swedish steel industry
Sweden is not a big steel country, but its steel products have high added value, mainly special steel, and most of its products are exported. As a basic industry, iron and steel industry has effectively promoted the development of automobile, machinery and equipment, tools, household appliances and other manufacturing industries.
(1) products have high added value. 70% products of Swedish steel enterprises are special steel. In order to improve the degree of specialization and avoid unnecessary competition caused by multiple manufacturers producing the same product, Swedish steel production enterprises have almost formed a layout in which a single enterprise produces one steel product after many structural adjustments, ranking among the best in the world in stainless steel, tool steel, high-speed steel and bearing steel. Among them, sandvik is in a leading position in the research and development of cemented carbide products. Swedish steel company (SSAB)
) is the world's largest manufacturer of ultra-high strength steel plates.
Schedule 1: Swedish steel enterprises and their products
Enterprise name product
Sandvik seamless steel tube
Otto Kunpu Stainless Steel Pipe and Welded Pipe
Fa goesta stainless steel wire rod
Mujiang steel powder
Uddeholm die steel
Caster high speed steel.
Sandvik's original high temperature technology.
Owaco bearing steel
Swedish steel company (SSAB)
Ultra-high strength steel, quenched steel
Hegenus (h? Gan? S) iron powder and metal powder
Suzuki Garphyttan valve spring steel wire
Ramnes (Ram? S) coarse chain
Steel for piston hydraulic cylinder.
(2) The investment in R&D is large. The average annual R&D investment of the Swedish steel industry is 65.438 billion Swedish kronor (about 65.438 billion US dollars), accounting for 2% of the total sales of the steel industry.
"2007-20 12 Swedish Iron and Steel R&D Plan" is led by the Innovation Agency (Vinnova) under the Swedish Ministry of Industry and formulated by the Swedish Iron and Steel Association. In 2007-20 12, Sweden * * * will further invest 240 million Swedish kronor, of which the Innovation Department will provide10.2 billion kronor, and enterprises will invest10.2 billion kronor in capital, in kind or other forms to study how to improve sustainable development, materials and new production methods, material structure and production technology. Its goal is to achieve emission reduction ... >>
Question 5: Recommend several Swedish industrial metal landlords to like heavy metals, especially rock in rock, which is very high:
The questions asked by the landlord are too limited. In fact, various countries have many excellent industrial metals and heavy metals. I don't know which one the landlord likes, just introduce a few. Please choose the best one:
1. Rob Zombie-Super Monster
-Dead girl, superstar
-dragula
Rob zombie is basically an industrial metal, and then mixed with some other elements. In addition, his music, mixed with some elements of horror movies, has a very arrogant style. Very enjoyable. Recommend the first song. Play Warcraft Super with this song. 2. Dragonforce-through flames and fires
-The world will be better.
-Emerald Sword
I have to say that this band is fast, the first song, listening to the prelude ... is it fast? Haha, the third song seems to be a Russian navy song. Their style is atmosphere and speed. A must for a speed freak.
PS: The lead singer's voice is too high to stand ... 3. Ramstein-Edgewell.
-Thain Sucht
―Asche Zu Asche
-Du Hastert
-Engel
My favorite band is Chariot. I remember the first metal music I heard was this band.
Sehnsucht and Engel personally like it. It is also an industrial metal. 4. Metal Band-A Day that Never Dies
-Enter Sandman.
-Death Magnetism is a band that friends who like metal should know. Personally, I prefer the first song.
Of these two songs, I prefer the third one-3.
The third new song, not bad. 5.fire flight-unbreakable
Rare female voice metal oh, the tone is too high for most people to sing ... but this song is invincible. 6. Mavis Fan-that kind of girl-belongs to the domestic introduction point ... not bad ~ ~ 7. Pain-zombie bash.
-Shut your mouth.
-Not afraid of death
I don't know much about this band, but his songs are really nice. The first song is very hard, oppressive and metallic. 8. God-Hard Rock Hallelujah
Nice prelude. 9.9. Megardis-18 hangar
Very rhythmic! The songs I recommend are best found in "sogou Music". There are too few Baidu, some can't be found, and there are more songs there.
Um ... okay, that's it. Besides, Ramstein is German, not British. Send me a message if you have any questions.
Original achievements can be reproduced without barriers, and plagiarism is shameful.
Question 6: Swedish military industry vs German military industry 10 "Swedish military industry"
In the past 15 years, Sweden's defense industry was in a period of fluctuation. The size of the army has been compressed, and the current strength is 27,600, which has a direct impact on the national defense industry. There are not enough orders to support the existing defense industry, forcing these companies to seek new ways out and seek broader international cooperation. The main method adopted is to acquire shares of foreign companies.
In fact, most of Sweden's defense industry belongs to foreign joint-stock companies. Alvis Company in Britain owns Hag-glunds Company 100%, HDW Company in Germany owns Kockums Company 100%, and United Deffnce Company in the United States owns Bofors defense Company and so on. ...
To put it bluntly, it is in a role controlled by foreign groups.
""German military industry
At present, Germany cannot produce early warning aircraft, fighter engines, ballistic missiles, rockets, large warships, nuclear submarines, and fifth-generation fighters. What else does Germany have besides cars, tanks and Siemens? Cars? You were right in Sao Nian. Germany's automobile industry belongs to the second place in the world. To put it bluntly, it is the result of * * * restricting the development of military industry.
In fact, Germany does not have its own strong military industry, its own fighter planes, satellites and so on. There is a simple reason. It's really impossible to rely on yourself now, because some technologies have not been systematically accumulated or developed for a long time. This deficiency exists objectively, but the landlord's conclusion that Germany's industrial technology level lags behind Japan is arbitrary and ridiculous. Germany's weak ability to independently develop military industry, especially high-tech weapons, has both internal and external factors, but it can be summarized in one sentence, which is impossible and unwilling.
Internal cause: After the bitter lessons of two world wars in Germany, people are generally war-weary and have a paranoid aversion to war and weapons. German Schroeder's second election as prime minister was successful because he played the banner of anti-war. In fact, the United States and NATO have been complaining that Germany has not assumed its due responsibilities and is too conservative in sending troops overseas. Even some troops sent under the framework of NATO are more symbolic than practical, and they are purely perfunctory. Compared with the previous civil war in Libya, Britain and France spared no effort to invest. Do you think Germany has a big move? No way, domestic public opinion is too loud, which is the constraint of democracy. Including the lion king's remarks about Germany giving up nuclear power plants, is even more ridiculous. He has no idea about the cause and effect. In fact, the ruling CDU does not want to give up the nuclear power plant so soon. After all, Germany is not rich in resources and has a big gap in strength. However, the opposition Social Democratic Party and the Green Party have been manipulating this topic with public opinion, especially the Green Party, which started from environmental protection, what good opinions can it have on nuclear technology. Therefore, it is obvious that due to election considerations, CDU was forced to give up the nuclear power plant ahead of schedule. You can search. Whenever there is nuclear waste crossing the border, a large number of Germans will spontaneously gather to stop its transportation, and they will collectively lie down on the rails to stop the transport train from passing. Therefore, the abandonment of nuclear technology and nuclear power plants is related to the general aversion of the German people to nuclear theory. In this context, it is purely political suicide to develop nuclear technology in a big way. In the same way, so is the development of military industry. If you talk to the Germans about strengthening the country and recovering the occupied territory, most Germans will look at you strangely. The only person who will have a common language with you is probably the German neo-Nazi. Germany's national defense strategy relies on the EU and NATO, and its own national defense forces are also constantly downsizing. Some time ago, the compulsory soldier system, which had been implemented for decades, was abolished and completely changed to recruit professional soldiers. On the basis of such a national defense strategic framework and domestic public opinion, what is Germany's willingness to build a large number of fighter planes and launch its own satellites?
External factors: Germany's position in Europe is very sensitive. An American secretary of state once said that a strong Germany is a threat to the whole of Europe, and a strong Germany can be tolerated. Germany, once again a military power, cannot survive. Even if you seek political status, you are cautious for fear of being misunderstood. Germany tried to control the European debt crisis and was bombarded by the Fourth Reich and neo-Nazis. Around Poland and other countries keep saying that Germany is engaged in World War II, and Britain has never given up the trick of disrupting the European continent, especially provoking German-French relations. France's European boss plot is even more unwilling to be led by Germany. From the military presence to the secret war against the euro, the United States has always been wary of Germany. There are some things in Britain and France >>
Question 7: Why is Sweden's military industry so strong? Sweden's industries are developed and varied. Sweden has its own aviation industry, nuclear industry, automobile manufacturing industry, advanced military industry, and world-leading telecommunications industry and medical research capabilities. Sweden is also a world leader in software development, microelectronics, telecommunications and photonics. Sweden is the largest iron ore exporter in Europe. It is also the country with the largest number of multinational companies in the world. Sweden is a highly developed capitalist country and a member of the European Union. It is considered to have a tendency of social liberalism and strive for equality. It has established many social welfare systems, which are usually among the best in the human development index of the United Nations Development Programme.
Question 8: What high-tech products are there in Sweden? Sweden is a highly industrialized country, which is famous for its high living standard, extensive welfare undertakings and world-leading communication and transportation system. What can I buy in Sweden? Experts from Pacific Garda Immigration (Weibo) pointed out that Sweden's technology is very developed, and many brands that are very popular in China actually come from Sweden. Swedish immigrants
It is actually more convenient to help domestic relatives and friends buy back these imported goods with higher domestic prices.
Sweden is a high-tech industrial power, and its per capita GDP ranks first in the world. High-tech, high-efficiency and high value-added industries such as ICT information and communication industry and biomedicine occupy a dominant position in Sweden.
Sweden's industrial development strategy is not to spend resources to protect industries that have lost their comparative advantages and development prospects, but to concentrate on higher education and research and development of cutting-edge products and technologies, promote scientific and technological innovation, and always maintain the leading position of advantageous industries. To this end, Sweden * * * invests 4.3% of GDP every year to vigorously develop high-tech research (R&; Research and development. Development). The 2005 World Competitiveness Yearbook shows that Sweden's per capita R&; D expenditure ranks second in the world. For many years, Sweden has been rated as the most innovative country in the world.
Ericsson, Volvo, SAAB, IKEA, ABB, etc. , are all world high-tech brands from Sweden.
Information and communication industry-Sweden is the birthplace of mobile phone technology, and it is far ahead of other regions in the development, testing and launch of third-generation (3G) technologies, services and products. Sweden is famous as the "Wireless Valley" in the world, and now it has gathered global enterprises in the information technology and telecommunications fields (including Compaq, EDS, Intel, Motorola, Nokia, Siemens and other famous companies) to focus on the research and development of mobile communications.
Compared with bringing some Swedish specialties, such as food, handicrafts and so on. Pacific Canadian immigration experts suggest that Sweden's most advantageous technology products should be preferred when purchasing. Of course, the price of science and technology products is higher than other professions, which still needs Swedish immigrants to look at their own situation.
Question 9: What are the five major cities in Sweden? The capital of Sweden, the largest city and economic and cultural center. Located on the west bank of the Baltic Sea, it is the place where Lake Meralen (488 square kilometers) enters the sea. As the midpoint of the national coastline, land can communicate with the vast mainland through Lake Meralen, and its geographical position is very important. The urban area is 2 1 1.3 square kilometers, of which the inland water area accounts for 12.7% and the population is 65 1 10,000. "Greater Stockholm", including surrounding 19 municipal districts, covers an area of 6,494 square kilometers and has a population of1410000 (1984).
Gothenburg, Sweden's largest port
"Stockholm is the capital of Sweden and Gothenburg is the most beautiful city." If you are lucky enough to travel to Sweden, the tour guide will definitely recommend Gothenburg to you.
In fact, Gothenburg is not only a beautiful city, but also the largest port and the second largest industrial city in Sweden, and the first sea channel on Scandinavian Naville Peninsula.
Gothenburg is located at the mouth of jota River in Kategat, the west coast of Sweden, with a population of over 700,000. This is a beautiful seaport city. Gothenburg port is not frozen all year round, and it has become the main port for Sweden and Western Europe to communicate with the new weather. A considerable part of Sweden's foreign trade goods are shipped from here, and the whole city presents a bustling scene all year round. As Gothenburg is located in the center of Copenhagen, Oslo and Stockholm, the capitals of the three Nordic countries, with more than 450 air routes leading to all parts of the world, it is the throat of Northern Europe, and within 300 kilometers of Fiona Fang, it is the most industrially developed area in the three Nordic countries, so Gothenburg has two nicknames, namely "Liverpool in Sweden" and "Window in Western Sweden".
Malmo, the third largest city
Malm? is located in Scania, Sweden, facing Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark, across the Oresund, and the two cities are only 26 kilometers apart. Malm? is an important port city, naval base and transportation hub in southern Sweden, and the third largest city in Sweden with a population of about 480,000.
Malmo comes from the old Scandinavian language, which means sand or the island of Saiya skirt. The city was built in12nd century, originally belonging to Denmark, and 1658 belongs to Sweden. 1775 completed port, 1903 further expanded.
The city of Malmo is divided into two parts: one is the old district near the ocean and surrounded by canals; The other part is a modern new area extending to the hinterland. Urban architecture has its own characteristics, and the city is a Dutch Renaissance-style building. St Peter's Cathedral is a Gothic building. There are also many beautiful buildings in the city16th century.
Uppsala, an ancient cultural city.
Located in the east of Sweden, north of Stockholm, near the Felize River and Lake Meralen. There are fertile fields and dense forests around the city, with elegant and fresh scenery. The population is about 300,000. The urban traffic is developed, and the railway connects Stockholm, the capital in the south, and Gaffle, the seaport in the north. Airplanes provide convenient shipping. Some important meetings are often held here.
Uppsala was the capital of the old Swedish dynasty. In the12nd century, the principality of Sweden often held meetings here. It was also a famous religious shrine at that time, and the oldest Uppsala church in northern Europe was built in this city. But later, the city slowly developed into a neighboring fishing village. By the second half of the13rd century, this fishing village had become a new commercial and handicraft center in Uppsala. Today's Uppsala is formed by expanding around on this basis.
Kiruna, a tourist attraction in the north.
Kiruna, located on the Han bank of Lake Rosa, 0/40 km north of the Arctic Circle, is a major tourist city in Sweden and one of the major iron ore centers in the world. Due to geographical restrictions, the population here is small, less than 50 thousand people.
Kiruna is Lapp, which means "Arctic grouse". In the early years, it used to be a barren mountain where Lapp people put deer. From 65438 to 2009, abundant iron ore was discovered in Kiluvala Mountain, but it didn't develop rapidly until the railway was opened to traffic and 1899 mined iron ore.
Now Kiruna has become a major tourist city and a modern mining city in Sweden. Every June, the sun in Kiruna grows day and night, and tourists flock to see the wonderful "midnight sun". People can also see the scene of Lapp people releasing deer and catching deer. It is snowy in winter, and Kiruna has become a good place for skiers. If the weather is fine, people can also enjoy the spectacular Northern Lights. ...& gt& gt